Chartism is also an alternative term for technical analysis Jump to: navigation, search Technical analysis refers to methods that aim to forecast prices of securities in financial markets using charts or quantitative techniques. ...

A movement for social and political reform in the United Kingdom during the mid-19th century, Chartism gains its name from the People's Charter of 1838, which set out the main aims of the movement. For the song by the California punk band Pennywise, see Society (song). ... Politics is the process and method of decision-making for groups of human beings. ... Reform can refer to: Reform (think tank) Reform, Alabama Reform Judaism Reform movement Reform of an individual, from conditions stemming from crime, drugs, or physical maladies. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1838 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

Origin

Chartism followed earlier Radical movements which demanded a widening of the franchise, and came after the passing of the Reform Act 1832, which gave the vote to the majority of the male middle classes, but not to the "working class" which was then emerging from artisan and labouring classes. Many Radicals made speeches on the "betrayal" of the working class and the "sacrificing" of their "interests" by the "misconduct" of the government. The term Radical, from the latin radix meaning root. ... Jump to: navigation, search The British Reform Act of 1832 (2 & 3 Will. ... For the Finno-Ugric people, see Votes. ... Jump to: navigation, search Male symbol Male is the sex of an organism, or a part of an organism, which produces sperm. ... The middle class (or middle classes) comprises a social group once defined by exception as an intermediate social class between the nobility and the peasantry. ... The term working class is used to denote a social class. ... An artisan, also called a craftsman, is a skilled manual worker who uses tools and machinery in a particular craft. ... Jump to: navigation, search It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with public speaker. ...

Chartism included a wide range of organizations. Hence it can be seen as not so much a movement as an era in popular politics in Britain. Dorothy Thompson described the theme of her book The Chartists as the time when "thousands of working people considered that their problems could be solved by the political organization of the country." Edward Palmer Thompson (February 3, 1924 - August 28, 1993), was a British historian, socialist and peace campaigner. ...

In 1838, six members of Parliament and six working men (from the London Working Men's Association, set up in 1836) formed a committee, which then published the People's Charter, containing the following objectives: Jump to: navigation, search 1838 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... An aerial view of Parliament of India at New Delhi. ... The London Working Mens Association was an organization established in London in 1836. ... 1836 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

• Universal suffrage for all men over the age of 21
• Equal-sized electoral districts
• Voting by secret ballot
• An end to the need for a property qualification for Parliament (so that constituencies could return the man of their choice, rich or poor)
• Pay for MPs
• Annual Parliaments

Jump to: navigation, search Universal suffrage (also general suffrage or common suffrage) consists of the extension of suffrage, or the right to vote, to all adults, without distinction as to race, sex, belief or social status. ... Jump to: navigation, search An election is a decision making process whereby people vote for preferred political candidates or parties to act as representatives in government. ... The Polling by William Hogarth (1755); Before the secret ballot was introduced voter intimidation was commonplace The secret ballot is a process in elections where the choice of the voters is kept confidential. ...

The first wave

When these demands were first published in May 1838 they received a lukewarm response by Feargus O'Connor's Northern Star and other Radicals [D Thompson p58] being seen as too moderate. But it soon became clear that the charter had struck a chord among common people. Dorothy Thompson quotes John Bates as saying: "There were [radical] associations all over the county, but there was a great lack of cohesion. One wanted the ballot, another manhood suffrage and so on... The radicals were without unity of aim and method, and there was but little hope of accomplishing anything. When, however, the Peoples Charter was drawn up ... clearly defining the urgent demands of the working class, we felt we had a real bond of union; and so transformed our Radical Association into local Chartist centres..." Jump to: navigation, search 1838 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Feargus Edward OConnor ( 1794 – August 30, 1855) was an Irish Chartist leader and advocate of the Land Plan. ... The term Radical, from the latin radix meaning root. ...

The movement organized a convention of 50 to facilitate the presentation of the petition. This met in London from February 1839 until May when it moved to Birmingham. Though they took pains to keep within the law the more radical activists were able to see it as the embryo of an alternative parliament (John Charlton The Chartists p 19). The convention called for a number of "ulterior measures" which ranged from calling on their supporters to withdraw their money from saving banks to a call for a sacred month, in effect a general strike. Meetings were held around the country and in June 1839 a large petition was presented to the House of Commons. Parliament, by a large majority, voted not to even hear the petitioners. 1839 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Jump to: navigation, search A general strike is a strike action by an entire labour force in a city, region or country. ... 1839 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Look up Petition in Wiktionary, the free dictionary A petition is a request to an authority, most commonly a government official or public entity. ... In some bicameral parliaments of a Westminster System, the House of Commons has historically been the name of the elected lower house. ...

When the petition was refused, many advocated force as the only means of attaining their aims.

Chartist Riot

Several outbreaks of violence ensued, leading to several arrests and trials. One of the leaders of the movement, John Frost, on trial for treason, claimed in his defence that he had toured Wales urging people not to break the law, although he was himself guilty of using language that some might interpret as being a call to arms. Frost's attitudes and stance, often seen as ambivalent, led another Chartist to describe Frost as putting 'a sword in my hand and a rope around my neck'. Nevertheless, Frost had placed himself in the vanguard of the Chartist movement by 1839. When another prominent member, Henry Vincent, was arrested in the summer of 1839 for making inflammatory speeches, the die was cast. Download high resolution version (1234x766, 438 KB)Chartists Riots Engraving from 1886 book True Stories of the Reign of Queen Victoria by Cornelius Brown. ... Download high resolution version (1234x766, 438 KB)Chartists Riots Engraving from 1886 book True Stories of the Reign of Queen Victoria by Cornelius Brown. ... Jump to: navigation, search Violence refers to acts —typically connotative with aggressive and criminal behaviour —which intend to cause or is causing of injury to persons, animals, or (in limited cases) property. ... Jump to: navigation, search The Chicago Police Department arrests a man A protester is arrested during a demonstration. ... A trial is, in the most general sense, a test, usually a test to see whether something does or does not meet a given standard. ... John Frost was a prominent leader of the Chartist movement. ... In law, treason is the crime of disloyalty to ones nation. ... Jump to: navigation, search National motto: Cymru am byth (Welsh: Wales for ever) Waless location within the UK Official languages English, Welsh Capital Cardiff Largest city Cardiff First Minister Rhodri Morgan Area  - Total Ranked 3rd UK 20,779 km² Population  - Total (2001)  - Density Ranked 3rd UK 2,903,085... Aphorism Critical legal studies Jurisprudence Law (principle) Legal research Letter versus Spirit List of legal abbreviations Legal code Natural justice Natural law Philosophy of law Religious law External links Find more information on Law by searching one of Wikipedias sibling projects: Wikibooks Wikiversity has more about this subject: School... 1839 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1839 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

Instead of the carefully plotted military rising that some had suspected, Frost led a column of marchers to the Westgate Hotel, Newport where he initiated a confrontation. Some have suggested that the roots of this confrontation lay in Frost's frequent personal conflicts with various members of the local establishment; others, that Chartist leaders were expecting the Chartists to seize the town, preventing the mail reaching London and triggering a national uprising: it is generally acknowledged that Frost and other Chartist leaders did not agree on the course of action adopted. The Westgate Hotel is a historic building in the centre of Newport, and is famous as the scene of the 1839 Chartist riot. ... Jump to: navigation, search Newport (Welsh: Casnewydd) is the third largest city in Wales (after Cardiff and Swansea). ... Jump to: navigation, search Main street in Bastrop, Texas, a small town In American English, a town is usually a municipal corporation that is smaller than a city but larger than a village. ... A British pillar box The postal system is a system by which written documents typically enclosed in envelopes, and also small packages containing other matter, are delivered to destinations around the world. ... London is the capital city of the United Kingdom and of England. ... A rebellion is, in the most general sense, a refusal to accept authority. ...

The result was a disaster in political and military terms. The hotel was occupied not only by the representatives of the town's merchant classes and the local squirearchy, but by soldiers. A brief, violent, and bloody battle ensued. Shots were fired by both sides, although most contemporaries agree that the soldiers holding the building had vastly superior firepower. The Chartists did manage to enter the building temporarily, but were forced to retreat in disarray: twenty were killed, another fifty wounded. Jump to: navigation, search A hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging, usually on a short-term basis and especially for tourists. ... Occupation may refer to: the principal activity (job or calling) that earns money for a person (see profession, business) the periods of time following a nations territory invasion by controlling enemy troops (see belligerent occupation) any activity that occupies an important portion of a persons attention (see fan... A legislature is a governmental deliberative body with the power to adopt laws. ... Merchants function as professional traders, dealing in commodities that they do not produce themselves. ... Jump to: navigation, search A soldier is a person who has enlisted with, or has been conscripted into, the armed forces of a sovereign country and has undergone training and received equipment (such as a uniform and weapon) to defend that country or its interests. ... The bayonet, still used in war as both knife and spearpoint. ...

Testimonies exist from contemporaries, such as the Yorkshire Chartist Ben Wilson, that Newport was to have been the signal for a national uprising. Instead Chartism slipped into a period of internal division and acrimonious debate as to the way forward. Jump to: navigation, search In law and in religion, testimony is a solemn attestation as to the truth of a matter. ...

In early May of 1842 a further petition, of over three million signatures, was submitted which was again rejected by parliament. The Northern Star commented on the rejection: "Three and half millions have quietly, orderly, soberly, peaceably but firmly asked of their rulers to do justice; and their rulers have turned a deaf ear to that protest. Three and a half millions of people have asked permission to detail their wrongs, and enforce their claims for RIGHT, and the 'House' has resolved they should not be heard! Three and a half millions of the slave-class have holden out the olive branch of peace to the enfranchised and privileged classes and sought for a firm and compact union, on the principle of EQUALITY BEFORE THE LAW; and the enfranchised and privileged have refused to enter into a treaty! The same class is to be a slave class still. The mark and brand of inferiority is not to be removed. The assumption of inferiority is still to be maintained. The people are not to be free." Jump to: navigation, search 1842 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...

The depression of 1841–1842 led to a wave of strikes in which Chartist activists were to the fore and demands for the charter were included alongside economic demands. In 1842 workers went on strike in the Midlands, Lancashire, Yorkshire, and parts of Scotland in favour of Chartist principles. These industrial disputes were collectively known as the Plug Plot; as in many cases, protesters removed the plugs from steam boilers to prevent their use. Although the Prime Minister, Sir Robert Peel, advocated a non-interventionalist policy, the Duke of Wellington insisted on the deployment of troops to deal with the strikers. Several Chartist leaders, including Feargus O'Connor, George Julian Harney, and Thomas Cooper were arrested, along with nearly 1,500 others. 79 people were sentenced, with sentences ranging from 7 to 21 years. 1841 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Jump to: navigation, search 1842 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Jump to: navigation, search 1842 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Jump to: navigation, search In general, the midlands of a territory are its central regions. ... Jump to: navigation, search Lancashire (archaically, the County of Lancaster) is a county palatine of England, lying on the Irish Sea. ... Jump to: navigation, search The White Yorkshire rose. ... Timeline of Scottish history Caledonia List of not fully sovereign nations Subdivisions of Scotland National parks (Scotland) Traditional music of Scotland Flower of Scotland Wars of Scottish Independence National Trust for Scotland Historic houses in Scotland Castles in Scotland Museums in Scotland Abbeys and priories in Scotland Gardens in Scotland... 2003 GMO USDA protest Protest expresses relatively overt reaction to events or situations: sometimes in favour, more often opposed. ... Jump to: navigation, search This article is about the British Prime Minister. ... See: Intervention (counseling) - an orchestrated attempt by family and friends to get a family member to get help for addiction or other similar problem. ... The Most Noble Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, KG, GCB, PC, FRS (1 May 1769–14 September 1852) was an Anglo-Irish soldier and statesman, widely considered one of the leading military and political figures of the 19th century. ... Feargus Edward OConnor ( 1794 – August 30, 1855) was an Irish Chartist leader and advocate of the Land Plan. ... See: Tommy Cooper - British magician and comedian. ... In law, a sentence forms the final act of a judge-ruled process, and also the symbolic principal act connected to his function. ...

Despite this second set of arrests, Chartist activity continued. Beginning in 1843, O'Connor suggested that the land contained the solution to workers' problems. This idea evolved into the Chartist Co-Operative Land Company, later called the National Land Company. Workers would buy shares in the company, and the company would use those funds to purchase estates that would be subdivided into 2, 3, and 4 acre (8,000, 12,400 and 16,000 m²) lots. Between 1844 and 1848, five estates were purchased, subdivided, and built on, and then settled by lucky shareholders, who were chosen by lot. Unfortunately for O'Connor, in 1848 a Select Committee was appointed to investigate the financial viability of the scheme and it was ordered to be shut down. Cottages built by the Chartist Land Company are still standing and inhabited today, in Oxfordshire and on the outskirts of London. 1843 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Jump to: navigation, search 1844 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1848 is a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1848 is a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The Chartists also stood in general elections, from the election of 1841 to the election of 1859, and O'Connor was elected in the general election of 1847. Harney stood for Election against Lord Palmerston in Tiverton, Devon in 1847. A general election is an election in which all members of a given political body are up for election. ... The 1841 UK general election saw a big swing as Robert Peels Conservatives took control of the House of Commons. ... The 1859 UK general election saw the Whigs, led by Lord Palmerston, hold their majority in a much enlarged House of Commons over the Earl of Derbys Conservatives. ... The 1847 UK general election saw candidates calling themselves Conservatives win the most seats, in part because they won a number of uncontested seats. ... Location within the British Isles. ... Jump to: navigation, search Devon is a large county in South West England, bordering on Cornwall to the west, Dorset and Somerset to the east. ... 1847 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

The 1848 petition

On 10 April 1848, Feargus O'Connor organised a mass meeting on Kennington Common, which would form a procession to present another petition to Parliament. The number of attendees varies depending on the source (O'Connor estimated 300,000; the government, 15,000; The Sunday Observer suggested 50,000 was more accurate). According to John Charlton the government was well aware that the Chartists had no intention of staging an uprising as they had established an extensive network of spies. The government did however organise a very large show of force, as 8,000 soldiers were in London that day, along with 150,000 special constables. In any case, the meeting was peaceful. Jump to: navigation, search April 10 is the 100th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (101st in leap years). ... 1848 is a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Kennington Park is in Kennington, London, England, in London SE11, and lies between Kennington Park Road and St Agnes Place. ... A procession (M. Eng. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...

The petition O'Connor presented to Parliament was claimed to have only 1,957,496 signatures – far short of the 5,706,000 O'Connor had stated and many of which were discovered to be forgeries. O'Connor has been accused of destroying the credibility of Chartism, but the movement continued strongly for some months afterwards before it petered out. John Hancocks signature on the United States Declaration of Independence A signature is a usually stylized version of someones name written on documents as a proof of identity and will, like a seal, but handwritten. ... Forgery is the process of making or adapting objects or documents (see false document), with the intention to deceive. ... Jump to: navigation, search Credibility is the believability of a statement, action, or source, and the ability of the observer to believe the above. ...

Legacy

Although the Chartist movement itself petered out, its aims were taken on by others. Middle class parliamentary Radicals continued to press for universal franchise, and were joined by some supporters of the Anti-Corn Law League, with John Bright and the Reform League agitating in the country for change. The parliamentary Radicals joined with the Whigs and anti-protectionist Tory Peelites to form the Liberal Party by 1859. Eventually the Liberal William Ewart Gladstone introduced a modest bill for parliamentary reform which was defeated by both Tories and reform Liberals, forcing the government to resign. The new Tory government decided to take the credit for the reform. As a minority government they had to accept radical amendments, and Benjamin Disraeli's Reform Act of 1867 almost doubled the electorate, giving the vote even to working men. Only the last of the Chartist aims – annual Parliaments – now remains unfulfilled. The Radicals were a political grouping in Britain in the early to mid 19th century. ... The Corn Laws, in force between 1815 and 1846, were import tariffs ostensibly designed to protect British farmers and landowners, against competition from cheap foreign grain imports. ... John Bright John Bright (November 16, 1811 - March 27, 1889), was a British politician, associated with Richard Cobden in the formation of the Anti-Corn Law League. ... This article is about the British Whig party. ... The term Tory applied to the Tory Party, the ancestor of the modern UK Conservative Party. ... The Peelites (or Liberal Conservatives as they were also occasionally known) are those MPs and Peers who remained loyal to British Prime Minister Sir Robert Peel following the break up of the British Conservative Party on the issue of abolishing the Corn Laws in 1846. ... The Liberal Party was one of the two major British political parties from the early 19th century until the 1920s, and a third party of varying strength and importance up to 1988, when it merged with the Social Democratic Party to form a new party which would become known as... 1859 is a common year starting on Saturday. ... Jump to: navigation, search The Right Honourable William Ewart Gladstone (29 December 1809 – 19 May 1898) was a British Liberal statesman and Prime Minister (1868–1874, 1880–1885, 1886 and 1892–1894). ... Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield (December 21, 1804 - April 24, British Conservative Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and author. ... The Reform Act 1867 (also known as the Second Reform Act) was a piece of British legislation that greatly increased the number of men who could vote in elections in the UK. In its final form, the Reform Act 1867 enfranchised all male householders and abolished compounding (the practice of...

Chartism was also an important influence in the British colonies. In 1854 Chartist demands were put forward by the miners at the Eureka Stockade on the gold fields at Ballarat, Victoria, Australia in 1854. Within one year of the military crushing of the Eureka revolt, all the demands, except annual parliaments, had been met. Jump to: navigation, search 1854 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Jump to: navigation, search The El Chino Mine located near Silver City, New Mexico is an open-pit copper mine Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, usually (but not always) from an ore body, vein, or (coal) seam. ... Jump to: navigation, search The Eureka Flag The Eureka Stockade was a miners revolt in 1854 in Victoria, Australia against the officials supervising the gold-mining region of Ballarat due to many reasons, including heavily priced mining items and the expense of a digging license. ... Jump to: navigation, search General Name, Symbol, Number gold, Au, 79 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 6, d Appearance metallic yellow Atomic mass 196. ... Ballarat is a city in regional Victoria, Australia, approximately 120 kilometres north-west of Melbourne, with a population of 84,000 people. ... Jump to: navigation, search Motto: Peace and Prosperity Nickname: Garden State Other Australian states and territories Capital Melbourne Government Governor Premier Const. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1854 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... This article is about revolution in the sense of a drastic change. ...

External links

• The-six-points from CHARTIST ANCESTORS
• Punch Series on "Great Chartest Demonstrations"
• Illustrated London News, April 15th, 1848
• Spartacus index on Chartism