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Chauri Chaura is a town near Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India, where, in February 1922, an occupied police chowki (small hut) was set on fire by a nationalist mob, killing 22 of the police occupants. Image File history File links Broom_icon. ...
Gorakhpur (Hindi: à¤à¥à¤°à¤à¤ªà¥à¤°, Urdu: Ú¯ÛÚÚ©Ú¾ Ù¾ÙØ±) is a city in the eastern part of the state of Uttar Pradesh in India. ...
, Uttar Pradesh (Hindi: , Urdu: , IPA: , translation: Northern Province), [often referred to as U.P.], located in central-south Asia and northern India, is the most populous and fifth largest state in the Republic of India. ...
Year 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Background In early 1922, India was amidst a nationwide revolt now recognized as the Non-Cooperation Movement, which protested authoritarian laws like the Rowlatt Acts of 1919, and lack of human freedom and self-government for Indians in their own country. ...
The Rowlatt Act was passed in 1919 and basically authorised the government to imprison any person living in the Raj without trial on suspicion of being a terrorist. ...
Mahatma Gandhi was the leader of the nationwide revolts organized by the Indian National Congress based upon civil disobedience, or Satyagraha by peaceful means alone. âGandhiâ redirects here. ...
Indian National Congress, Congress-I (also known as the Congress Party and abbreviated INC) is a major political party in India. ...
For other uses, see Civil disobedience (disambiguation). ...
Mohandas Karamchand âMahatmaâ Gandhi, who developed Satyagraha Satyagraha (Sanskrit: सतà¥à¤¯à¤¾à¤à¥à¤°à¤¹ satyÄgraha) is a philosophy and practice of nonviolent resistance developed by Mohandas K. Gandhi. ...
The Incident On the day of Feb 4th, 1922, around 2,000 protesters gathered for picketing of the liquor shop at the local market in Chauri Chaura. Sensing the trouble, armed policemen were sent to the city police station to control the situation. The crowd marched towards the market and started shouting anti-government slogans. The policemen fired into the air as a warning signal. However, it had the reverse effect on the crowd who were in no mood to retreat and started pelting stones at the armed policemen. Seeing the situation was getting out of control, the sub inspector ordered the policemen to commence firing on the advancing crowd. Three protesters were killed on the spot, ( 2 Hindu and one Muslim) and several others were injured. Seeing this, the crowd became violent and attacked the police from all the sides. The armed policemen lost their courage to fire, seeing thousands of protesters marching towards them. They retreated to the shelter of the police station. The crowd decided to take revenge for their dead comrades and set fire to the building from all the sides. Twenty-three policemen were burnt alive, including the station sub inspector.
Consequences Mahatma Gandhi asked all Indians to end the Non-cooperation movement, and went on a five-day fast to absolve himself of what he perceived as his role in inciting the attacks. Gandhi felt that he had acted too hastily in encouraging a revolt against the British Raj, while not emphasizing the importance of ahimsa (non-violence) and not training the resisters enough. Due to his fast and the exhortation of Congress leaders, Indians gave up civil resistance. ...
Anthem God Save The King The British Indian Empire, 1909 Capital Calcutta (until 1912), New Delhi (after 1912) Language(s) Hindustani, English and many others Government Monarchy Emperor of India - 1858-1901 Victoria¹ - 1901-1910 Edward VII - 1910-1936 George V - 1936 Edward VIII - 1936-1947 George VI Viceroy² - 1858...
Ahimsa (Devanagari: ; IAST ) is a Sanskrit term meaning non-violence (literally: the avoidance of violence - himsa). ...
The Trial and the Judgement The British government was furious after this incident and imposed martial law in the city of Chauri Chaura and surrounding areas. All the areas were raided and hundreds of people were arrested. 172 people were charged and put on the trial. On April 20, 1923 Allahabad high court awarded death sentence to 19, various jail terms including life imprisonment to 2 years jail to 113 accused, and acquitted 38 due to lack of evidence,where as 3 accused died during the course of the trial.
Modern assessment Many modern historians view the Chauri Chaura incident as a minor episode of violence, which while regrettable, did not merit the cancellation of a nation's demand for political freedom. Supporters of Gandhi's point of view agree with his decision, as it was feared by Gandhi that Chauri Chaura was not an isolated incident, but a shocking episode in a rising trend of violence between protesters and police, which could have degenerated into an orgy of mob violence, which would justify martial law and police suppression of even more civil liberties. Thus [in Gandhi's view] the spiral of violence would have wrecked the wider agenda and organization, while maligning India's patriots as bloodthirsty murderers in the eyes of the world. The nationalist version of historiography in India has linked it with the larger conscious call of Gandhi in Non-cooperation movement. However, the recent subaltern scholarship has tried to dug more substantive meanings of the incidence. The metaphor of Gandhi in the consciousness of masses, the way he moved in masses and his symbolic gestures had a myriad 'meanings' to the the masses. Shahid Amin in his book has portrayed the chain of events that were occurring in Gorakhpur in that time. He had tried to argue that the nationalist meta-narrative of Indian National Movement has failed to bring out the history from below. The reason of the masses to act in a manner they did in Gorakhpur was as diverse as caste tensions, belief as Gandhi as liberator that enabled them to defy authority of local zamindars or the British. Historiography studies the processes by which historical knowledge is obtained and transmitted. ...
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (October 2, 1869 – January 30, 1948) (Devanagari: मोहनदास करमचन्द गांधी, Gujarati મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી), called...
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A subaltern is a military term for a junior officer. ...
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (October 2, 1869 – January 30, 1948) (Devanagari: मोहनदास करमचन्द गांधी, Gujarati મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી), called...
Gorakhpur (Hindi: à¤à¥à¤°à¤à¤ªà¥à¤°, Urdu: Ú¯ÛÚÚ©Ú¾ Ù¾ÙØ±) is a city in the eastern part of the state of Uttar Pradesh in India. ...
In critical theory, and particularly postmodernism, a metanarrative is a grand overarching account, or all-encompassing story, which is thought to give order to the historical record. ...
History from below is a form of historical narrative which was developed as a result of the Annales School and popularised in the 1960s. ...
Gorakhpur (Hindi: à¤à¥à¤°à¤à¤ªà¥à¤°, Urdu: Ú¯ÛÚÚ©Ú¾ Ù¾ÙØ±) is a city in the eastern part of the state of Uttar Pradesh in India. ...
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (October 2, 1869 – January 30, 1948) (Devanagari: मोहनदास करमचन्द गांधी, Gujarati મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી), called...
For other uses, see Zamindar (disambiguation). ...
Therefore, there can be alternative versions of history. The over-arching explanation of event like Chauri Chaura in the Nationalist historiography can be concealing if not read with other accounts. This article is about the study of the past in human terms. ...
Historiography studies the processes by which historical knowledge is obtained and transmitted. ...
See also The Indian Independence Movement was a series of revolutions empowered by the people of India put forth to battle the British Empire for complete political independence, beginning with the Rebellion of 1857. ...
âGandhiâ redirects here. ...
Mohandas Karamchand âMahatmaâ Gandhi, who developed Satyagraha Satyagraha (Sanskrit: सतà¥à¤¯à¤¾à¤à¥à¤°à¤¹ satyÄgraha) is a philosophy and practice of nonviolent resistance developed by Mohandas K. Gandhi. ...
Gandhism (or Gandhi-ism) is an informal reference to the vision, core inspirations, principles, beliefs and philosophy of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, who was a major political and spiritual leader of India and the Indian Independence Movement. ...
Bibliography Amin, Shahid (1995). Event, Metaphor, Memory: Chauri Chaura, 1922-1992. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-08780-1.
External links - A Complete Portal of Chauri Chaura describing the history of Chauri Chaura incident
| Indian Independence Movement | | History | Colonisation · British East India Company · Plassey · Buxar · British India · French India · Portuguese India · more The Indian Independence Movement was a series of revolutions empowered by the people of India put forth to battle the British Empire for complete political independence, beginning with the Rebellion of 1857. ...
It has been suggested that European colonies in India be merged into this article or section. ...
The British East India Company, sometimes referred to as John Company, was the first joint-stock company (the Dutch East India Company was the first to issue public stock). ...
Combatants British East India Company Siraj Ud Daulah (Nawab of Bengal), La Compagnie des Indes Orientales Commanders Colonel Robert Clive (later Governor of Bengal and Baron of Plassey) Mir Jafar Ali Khan, defected (Commander-in-chief of the Nawab), M. Sinfray (French Secretary to the Council) Strength 2,200 European...
Combatants Bengal, British East India Company Commanders Mir Kasim, Hector Munro Strength 40,000 infantry, 18,000 infantry, Casualties high low Battle of Buxar (October 1764) was a significant battle fought between the forces under the command of the British East India Company on the one side, and the combined...
Anthem God Save The King The British Indian Empire, 1909 Capital Calcutta (until 1912), New Delhi (after 1912) Language(s) Hindustani, English and many others Government Monarchy Emperor of India - 1858-1901 Victoria¹ - 1901-1910 Edward VII - 1910-1936 George V - 1936 Edward VIII - 1936-1947 George VI Viceroy² - 1858...
French India is highlighted in light blue on the subcontinent. ...
Portuguese India evolution Capital Cochin (1510-1530); Nova Goa Language(s) Portuguese Political structure Ultramarine Province King President - 1511-1521 Manuel I - 1958-1961 Américo de Deus Rodrigues Tomás Viceroy - 1505-1509 Francisco de Almeida (first) - 1827-1835 Manuel de Portugal e Castro (last) Governor-general - 1509-1515...
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 | Philosophies and ideologies | Indian nationalism · Swaraj · Gandhism · Satyagraha · Hindu nationalism · Indian Muslim nationalism · Swadeshi · Socialism · Khilafat_Movement Image File history File links Gandhi_Salt_March. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (3496x2418, 835 KB) en: Gandhi during the Salt March, March 1930. ...
Image File history File links 1931_Flag_of_India. ...
Image File history File links AzadHindFlag. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Self rule is the term used to described a people or group being able to exercise all of the necessary functions of power without intervention from any authority which they cannot themselves alter. ...
Gandhism (or Gandhi-ism) is an informal reference to the vision, core inspirations, principles, beliefs and philosophy of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, who was a major political and spiritual leader of India and the Indian Independence Movement. ...
Mohandas Karamchand âMahatmaâ Gandhi, who developed Satyagraha Satyagraha (Sanskrit: सतà¥à¤¯à¤¾à¤à¥à¤°à¤¹ satyÄgraha) is a philosophy and practice of nonviolent resistance developed by Mohandas K. Gandhi. ...
Hindu nationalism is a nationalist ideology that sees the modern state of the Republic of India as a Hindu polity [1] (Hindu Rashtra), and seeks to preserve the Hindu heritage. ...
Indian Muslim nationalism refers to the political and cultural expression of nationalism, founded upon the religious tenets and identity of Islam, of the Muslims of the Indian subcontinent. ...
Swadeshi is the Indian term for the boycott of British goods. ...
Socialism is a broad array of ideologies and political movements with the goal of a socio-economic system in which property and the distribution of wealth are subject to control by the community for the purposes of increasing social and economic equality and cooperation. ...
The Khilafat Movement (1919-1924) was a movement amongst the Muslims of British India (the largest single Muslim community in one geo-political entity at the time) to ensure that the British, victors of World War I, kept a promise made at the Versailles. ...
| Events and movements | Rebellion of 1857 · Partition of Bengal · Revolutionaries · Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy · The Indian Sociologist · Ghadar Conspiracy · Champaran and Kheda · Jallianwala Bagh Massacre · Non-Cooperation · Flag Satyagraha · Bardoli · 1928 Protests · Nehru Report · Purna Swaraj · Salt Satyagraha · Act of 1935 · Legion Freies Indien · Cripps' mission · Quit India · Indian National Army · Bombay Mutiny · Coup d'État de Yanaon Combatants Rebellious East India Company Sepoys, 7 Indian princely states, deposed rulers of Oudh and Jhansi. ...
The Indian Independence Movement was a series of revolutions empowered by the people of India put forth to battle the British Empire for complete political independence, beginning with the Rebellion of 1857. ...
Revolutionary movement for Indian independence is often a less-highlighted aspect of Indian independence movement - the underground revolutionary factions. ...
The Delhi Conspiracy case, also known as the Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy, refers to a conspiracy in 1912 to assasinate the then Viceroy of India, Lord Hardinge, on the occasion of transferring the capital of British India from Calcutta to New Delhi. ...
The Indian Sociologist (TIS) was an important Indian nationalist publication in the early nineteenth century. ...
The Hindu-German Conspiracy(i), also known as the Hindu Conspiracy, the Indo-German Conspiracy or the Ghadar conspiracy refers to plans between Indian Nationalists in India, United States and Germany, the Irish Republicans, and the German Foreign office to initiate a Pan-Indian rebellion against The Raj with German...
The first Satyagraha revolutions inspired by Mahatma Gandhi in the Indian Independence Movement occurred in Kheda district of Gujarat and the Champaran district of Bihar between the years of 1918 and 1919. ...
The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, also known as the Amritsar Massacre, was named after the Jallianwala Bagh (Garden) in the northern Indian city of Amritsar, where, on April 13, 1919, British Indian Army soldiers under the command of Brigadier Reginald Dyer opened fire on an unarmed gathering of men, women and...
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Flag Satyagraha is a term that describes campaigns of peaceful civil disobedience during the Indian independence movement that focused on exercising the right and freedom to hoist the nationalist flag and challenge the legitimacy of British Raj in India through the defiance of laws prohibiting the hoisting of nationalist flags...
The Bardoli Satyagraha of 1925 in the state of Gujarat, India during the British Raj was a major episode of civil disobedience and revolt in the Indian Independence Movement. ...
The Indian Statutory Commission was a group of seven British Members of Parliament that had been dispatched to India in 1927 to study constitutional reform in that colony. ...
The Nehru Report (1928) was a memorandum outlining a proposed new Dominion (see dominion status) constitution for India. ...
The flag adopted in 1931 and used by the Provisional Government of Free India during the Second World War. ...
Scenes on the eve of the Salt Satyagraha, Gandhis famous 240 mile march on foot to the sea at Dandi. ...
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The Legion Freies Indien, or the Indische Freiwilligen-Legion Regiment 950 variously known as the Tiger Legion, the Free India Legion (in English), The Azad Hind Legion, or the I.R 950 (Indisches Infanterie Regiment 950) was an Indian armed unit raised in 1941 attached to the Wehrmacht, ostensibly according...
Sir Stafford Cripps Mission was an attempt in late March of 1942 by the British War Cabinet to secure Indian cooperation and support for their efforts in World War II. Led by Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru, the majority Indian National Congress and its supporters were engaged in a program of...
The Quit India Movement (Bharat Chhodo Andolan or the August Movement) was a civil disobedience movement in India launched in August 1942 in response to Mahatma Gandhis call for immediate independence of India. ...
The Indian National Army (I.N.A) or Azad Hind Fauj was the army of the Arzi Hukumat-e-Azad Hind (The Provisional Government of Free India ) which fought along with the Japanese 15th Army during the Japanese Campaign in Burma, and in the Battle of Imphal, during the Second...
The Bombay Mutiny was the mutiny of the Royal Indian Navy in Bombay (Mumbai) harbour on 21 February 1946. ...
now. ...
| | Organisations | Indian National Congress · Anushilan Samiti · Jugantar · India House · Berlin Committee · Ghadar · Home Rule · Khudai Khidmatgar · Hindustan Republican Association · Swaraj Party · Indian Independence League · Azad Hind · more The flag adopted in 1931 and used by the Provisional Government of Free India during the Second World War. ...
Anushilan Samiti was the principal secret revolutionary organisation operating in Bengal in the first quarter of the 20th century. ...
Jugantar or Yugantar (nearest English word epoch-making) was one of the secret revolutionary organisations operating in Bengal for Indian independence. ...
The India House was an informal addage to describe the residence of many Indian students in England. ...
The Berlin Committee, known as the The Indian Independence Committee (German: ) after 1915, was an organisation formed in Germany in 1914 during World War I by Indian students and political activists residing in the country. ...
The Ghadar Party was an organization founded by the Indians(mostly Punjabis, of the United States and Canada in June, 1913 with the aim to liberate India from British rule. ...
Home Rule flag The Home Rule Movement was formed by Annie Besant and Lokmanya Tilak with the aim of seeking a Dominion status within the British Empire to the Indian Empire in 1917. ...
An old red shirt activist, picture taken by Mukulika Banerjee: The Pathan Unarmed Khudai Khidmatgar (Pashto: Ø®Ø¯Ø§Û Ø®Ø¯Ù
تگر) literally translates as the servants of God. ...
The Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA), known as the Hindustan Republican Association until 1928, was an Indian independence association led by revolutionaries Bhagat Singh and Chandrasekar Azad. ...
Swaraj Party, a political party of colonial India, was organized in 1923 by Deshbandhu Chitaranjan Das (1870-1925) and Motilal Nehru (1861-1931), to participate in legislative councils. ...
The Indian Independence League (also known as IIL) was a political organisation operated from the 1920s to the 1940s to organize those living outside of India into seeking the removal of British colonial rule over India. ...
Flag of the Provisional Government of Free India. ...
| Indian leaders and activists | Mangal Pandey · Rani of Jhansi · Bal Gangadhar Tilak · Gopal Krishna Gokhale · Dadabhai Naoroji · Bhikaji Cama · Shyamji Krishna Varma · Har Dayal · Lala Lajpat Rai · Bipin Chandra Pal · Rash Behari Bose · Mahatma Gandhi · M. Ali Jinnah · Sardar Patel · Chittaranjan Das · Subhash Chandra Bose · Badshah Khan · Jawaharlal Nehru · Maulana Azad · Chandrasekhar Azad · Rajaji · Bhagat Singh · Sarojini Naidu · Purushottam Das Tandon · Tanguturi Prakasam · Alluri Sitaramaraju · more For the Hindi film of the same name, see The Rising (Indian film). ...
Lakshmibai, The Rani of Jhansi (c. ...
Bal Gangadhar Tilak (1856 - 1920), was an Indian nationalist, social reformer and freedom fighter who was the first popular leader of the Indian Independence Movement. ...
Gopal Krishna Gokhale (à¤à¥à¤ªà¤¾à¤² à¤à¥à¤·à¥âण à¤à¥à¤à¤²à¥) born May 9, 1866, in Kolhat, Maharashtra, India was one of the founding social and political leaders during the Indian Independence Movement against the British Empire in India. ...
Statue of Naoroji in Mumbai Dadabhai Naoroji (6 September 1825 â 30 June 1917) was a Parsi intellectual, educator, cotton trader, and an early Indian political leader. ...
Bhikaji Rustom Cama (Madam Cama, Madame Cama) (September 24, 1861-August 13, 1936) was a prominent figure in the Indian Nationalist Movement. ...
Shyamji Krishna Varma (1857-1930) was an Indian nationalist. ...
Har Dayal (b. ...
Lala Lajpat Rai was an Indian author and politician who is chiefly remembered as a leader in the Indian fight for freedom from the British Raj. ...
He was one of the trilogy of the three Extremist patriots of the Indian National Congress who had fought and gave his life during Indias freedom struggle in the first half of the twentieth century. ...
Rashbehari Bose (1885-1945) was a revolutionary leader against the British Raj in India and was one of the organisers of the Indian National Army. ...
âGandhiâ redirects here. ...
office: 1st Governor-General of Pakistan Term of office: August 14, 1947 â September 11, 1948 Succeeded by: Khawaja Nazimuddin Date of birth: December 25, 1876 Place of birth: Wazir Mansion, Karachi Wives: Emibai 1892â1893, Rattanbai Petit 1918â1929 Children: daughter Dina Wadia Date of Death: September 11, 1948 Place...
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Vallabhbhai Jhaverbhai Patel (October 31, 1875–December 15, 1950), popularly referred to as Sardar Patel, was an Indian statesman, an important leader of the Indian National Congress and the deputy Prime Minister in the first cabinet of Independent India. ...
Chittaranjan Das (C.R.Das) (popularly called Deshbandhu) (November 25, 1870 - June 16, 1925) was a Bengali lawyer and a major figure in the Indian independence movement. ...
Subhash Chandra Bose, (Bangla: নà§à¦¤à¦¾à¦à§ সà§à¦à¦¾à¦· à¦à¦¨à§à¦¦à§à¦° বসৠ( सà¥à¤à¤¾à¤· à¤à¤¦à¤à¤° वसॠ) Shubhash Chôndro Boshu) (January 23, 1897 â presumably August 18, 1945 [although this is disputed]note), also known as Netaji, was one of the most prominent leaders of the Indian Independence Movement against the British Raj and was a prominent supporter of the Axis dictatorships as...
Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (also known as Bacha Khan) (1890 - January 20, 1988) was a Pathan political and spiritual leader known for his nonviolent opposition to British rule during the final years of the Empire on the Indian sub-continent. ...
Jawaharlal Nehru (Hindi: , IPA: , from Persian Javâher-e Laal, meaning Red Jewel) (November 14, 1889 â May 27, 1964) was a political leader of the Indian National Congress, a pivotal figure in the Indian independence movement and the first Prime Minister of Independent India. ...
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (1888 - August 1958) was a freedom fighter in Indias struggle for Independence from Britain. ...
Chandrasekhar Azad à¤à¤à¤¦à¥à¤°à¤¶à¥à¤à¤° à¤à¤à¤¾à¤¦ (July 23, 1906 â February 27, 1931) was an Indian revolutionary and the mentor of Bhagat Singh. ...
Rajaji Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari (December 1878 - December 25, 1972), known as or Rajaji or C.R., was an Indian lawyer, writer, statesman and a Hindu spiritualist. ...
Bhagat Singh (Punjabi,Gurmukhi: à¨à¨à¨¤ ਸਿੰà¨) (Urdu-Shahmukhi: ) (September 28,[1] 1907âMarch 23, 1931) was an Indian freedom fighter, considered to be one of the most famous revolutionaries of the Indian independence movement. ...
Sarojini Naidu (February 13, 1879 - March 2, 1949), known as Bharatiya Kokila (The Nightingale of India), was a child prodigy, freedom fighter, and poet. ...
Purushottam Das Tandon (August 1, 1882 â July 1, 1962), was a freedom fighter, social reformer and national political leader of India. ...
Tanguturi Prakasam Pantulu (Telugu: à°à°à°à±à°à±à°°à°¿ à°ªà±à°°à°à°¾à°¶à° à°ªà°à°¤à±à°²à± b. ...
Image:D:Alluri Sitarama raju. ...
| | British Raj | | | Independence | Cabinet Mission · Indian Independence Act · Partition of India · Political integration · Constitution · Republic of India Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive, meeting with Mir Jafar after Plassey, by Francis Hayman Major-General Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive of Plassey, KB (29 September 1725 - 22 November 1774), also known as Clive of India, was the soldier of fortune and commander who established the military supremacy of the...
Sir James Outram Sir James Outram (January 29, 1803-March 11, 1863), English general, and one of the heroes of the Indian Mutiny, was the son of Benjamin Outram of Butterley Hall, Derbyshire, civil engineer. ...
James Andrew Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess and 10th Earl of Dalhousie (April 22, 1812–December 19, 1860) was a British statesman, and a colonial administrator in India. ...
Edward Frederick Lindley Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax, KG, OM, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE, PC (16 April 1881â23 December 1959), known as The Lord Irwin from 1925 until 1934 and as The Viscount Halifax from 1934 until 1944, was a British Conservative politician. ...
Victor Alexander John Hope, 2nd Marquess of Linlithgow (24 September 1887 - 5 January 1952) was a British statesman who served as Viceroy of India from 1936 to 1943. ...
Field Marshal Archibald Percival Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell, GCB, GCSI, GCIE, CMG, MC, PC (May 5, 1883 â May 24, 1950) was a British field marshal and the commander of British Army forces in the Middle East during World War II. He led British forces to victory over the Italians, only...
Sir Richard Stafford Cripps (24 April 1889 â 21 April 1952) was a British Labour politician and Chancellor of the Exchequer for several years after the Second World War. ...
Admiral of the Fleet Louis Francis Albert Victor Nicholas George Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, KG, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCIE, GCVO, DSO, PC (25 June 1900â27 August 1979) was a British admiral and statesman and an uncle of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. ...
The British Cabinet Mission of 1946 to India aimed to discuss and finalize plans for the transfer of power from the British Raj to Indian leadership, providing India with independence under Dominion status in the Commonwealth of Nations. ...
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This article is under construction. ...
Current political map of India showing states and territories. ...
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