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Chemical decomposition or analysis is the fragmentation of a chemical compound into elements or smaller compounds. It is sometimes defined as the opposite of a chemical synthesis. Chemical decomposition is often an undesired chemical reaction. The stability that a chemical compound ordinarily has is eventually limited when exposed to extreme environmental conditions like heat, radiation, humidity or the acidity of a solvent. The details of decomposition processes are generally not well defined, as a molecule may break up into a host of smaller fragments. Chemical decomposition is exploited in several analytical techniques, notably mass spectrometry, traditional gravimetric analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. Look up chemical compound in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
The periodic table of the chemical elements A chemical element, or element, is a type of atom that is defined by its atomic number; that is, by the number of protons in its nucleus. ...
In chemistry, chemical synthesis is purposeful execution of chemical reactions in order to get a product, or several products. ...
For other uses, see Chemical reaction (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see Heat (disambiguation) In physics, heat, symbolized by Q, is energy transferred from one body or system to another due to a difference in temperature. ...
For other uses, see Radiation (disambiguation). ...
Humidity is the amount of water vapor in air. ...
Acidity is a controversial novelette written for the popular South Asian website Chowk. ...
For other uses, see Solvent (disambiguation). ...
3D (left and center) and 2D (right) representations of the terpenoid molecule atisane. ...
Mass spectrometry (previously called mass spectroscopy (deprecated)[1] or informally, mass-spec and MS) is an analytical technique used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions. ...
Gravimetric analysis is a quantitative chemical analysis done by weighing a sample of a purified and dried precipitate. ...
Thermogravimetric Analysis or TGA is a type of testing that is performed on samples to determine changes in weight in relation to change in temperature. ...
A broader definition of the term decomposition also includes the breakdown of one phase into two or more phases.[1]
Reaction formulas
The generalized reaction formula for chemical decomposition is: - AB → A + B
with a specific example being the electrolysis of water to gaseous hydrogen and oxygen: In chemistry and manufacturing, electrolysis is a method of separating chemically bonded elements and compounds by passing an electric current through them. ...
H2O and HOH redirect here. ...
This article is about the chemistry of hydrogen. ...
General Name, symbol, number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series nonmetals, chalcogens Group, period, block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless (gas) pale blue (liquid) Standard atomic weight 15. ...
- 2H2O → 2H2 + O2
Additional examples An example of spontaneous decomposition is that of hydrogen peroxide, which will slowly decompose into water and oxygen: R-phrases , , , , S-phrases , , , ,, , , , Flash point Non-flammable Related Compounds Related compounds Water Ozone Hydrazine Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a very pale blue liquid which appears colourless in...
- 2H2O2 → 2H2O + O2
Carbonates will decompose when heated, a notable exception being that of carbonic acid, H2CO3. Carbonic acid, the "fizz" in sodas, pop cans and other carbonated beverages, will decompose over time (spontaneously) into carbon dioxide and water: Ball-and-stick model of the carbonate ion, CO32− For other meanings, see Carbonate (disambiguation) In chemistry, a carbonate is a salt or ester of carbonic acid. ...
Carbonic acid (ancient name acid of air or aerial acid) has the formula H2CO3. ...
Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalently bonded to a single carbon atom. ...
- H2CO3 → H2O + CO2
Other carbonates will decompose when heated producing the corresponding metal oxide and carbon dioxide. In the following equation M represents a metal: This article is about metallic materials. ...
An oxide is a chemical compound containing at least one oxygen atom and other elements. ...
- MCO3 → MO + CO2
A specific example of this involving calcium carbonate: Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound, with the chemical formula CaCO3. ...
- CaCO3 → CaO + CO2
Metal chlorates also decompose when heated. A metal chloride and oxygen gas are the products. Definition The chlorate ion ClO3-. A chlorate (compound) is a compound that contains this group, with chlorine in oxidation state +5. ...
The chloride ion is formed when the element chlorine picks up one electron to form an anion (negatively-charged ion) Cl−. The salts of hydrochloric acid HCl contain chloride ions and can also be called chlorides. ...
- MClO3 → MCl + O2
A common decomposition of a chlorate to evolve oxygen utilizes potassium chlorate as follows: R-phrases R9, R22, R51/53 S-phrases S2, S13, S17, S46, S61 Flash point none Related Compounds Other anions Potassium bromate Potassium iodate Other cations Ammonium chlorate Sodium chlorate Related compounds Potassium chloride Potassium hypochlorite Potassium chlorite Potassium perchlorate Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in...
- 2 KClO3 → 2 KCl + 3 O2HOT
See also Look up Chemical decomposition in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
Wiktionary (a portmanteau of wiki and dictionary) is a multilingual, Web-based project to create a free content dictionary, available in over 150 languages. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Thermal decomposition is a chemical reaction where a chemical substance breaks up into at least two chemical substances when heated. ...
References - ^ International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. "decomposition". Compendium of Chemical Terminology Internet edition.
IUPAC logo The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) (Pronounced as eye-you-pack) is an international non-governmental organization established in 1919 devoted to the advancement of chemistry. ...
Compendium of Chemical Terminology (ISBN 0-86542-684-8) is a book published by IUPAC containing internationally accepted definitions for terms in chemistry. ...
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