|
In the history of science, the etymology of the word chemistry is a debatable issue. The basic roots of the word "chemistry", essentially, derive from the ancient study of how to transmute "earthen" metals into "gold" in combination with thoughts on alchemical spells as well endeavors into a quest for the Philosopher's stone. Some maintain that the word has a Greek origin while others maintain that it has more ancient Egyptian origin. According to many authors[Please name specific person], the ancient "Egypt" word kēme, which stands for earth, is the root word of chemistry; this later became "khēmia", or transmutation, by 300 AD, and then “al-khemia” in the Persian area, at 760 AD, and alchemy in the dark ages, and the “chymistry” in 1661 with Boyle’s publication, and now “chemistry”. In this manner, chemistry is defined as follows: The history of science investigates the historical record of human events that are pertinent to the cultural context and the secular development of what is currently called science, namely, a body of empirical and theoretical knowledge, produced by a global community of researchers, making use of specific techniques for the...
Etymology is the study of the origins of words. ...
Chemistry (from Greek χημεία khemeia meaning alchemy, see below for possible origins of this word) is the science of matter at the atomic to molecular scale, dealing primarily with collections of atoms (such as molecules, crystals, and metals). ...
The spell is a magical act intended to cause an effect on reality using supernatural means of liturgical or ritual nature. ...
The philosophers stone, in Latin philosophi lapis, is a mythical substance that supposedly could turn inexpensive metals into gold and/or create an elixir that would make humans younger, thus delaying death. ...
- Chemistry, from the ancient Egyptian word "khēmia" meaning transmutation of earth, is the science of matter at the atomic to molecular scale, dealing primarily with collections of atoms, such as molecules, crystals, and metals.
Assuming a Greek origin, chemistry is defined as follows: Science in the broadest sense refers to any system of knowledge attained by verifiable means. ...
In physics, matter is commonly defined as the substance of which physical objects are composed, not counting the contribution of various energy or force-fields, which are not usually considered to be matter per se (though they may contribute to the mass of objects). ...
Properties For other articles with similar names, see Atom (disambiguation). ...
In science, a molecule is the smallest particle of a pure chemical substance that still retains its chemical composition and properties. ...
In chemistry, a molecule is an aggregate of at least two atoms in a definite arrangement held together by special forces. ...
Quartz crystal In chemistry and mineralogy, a crystal is a solid in which the constituent atoms, molecules, or ions are packed in a regularly ordered, repeating pattern extending in all three spatial dimensions. ...
Hot metal work from a blacksmith In chemistry, a metal (Greek: Metallon) is an element that readily forms positive ions (cations) and has metallic bonds. ...
- Chemistry, from the Greek word χημεία (chemeia) meaning "cast together" or "pour together", is the science of matter at the atomic to molecular scale, dealing primarily with collections of atoms, such as molecules, crystals, and metals.
Science in the broadest sense refers to any system of knowledge attained by verifiable means. ...
In physics, matter is commonly defined as the substance of which physical objects are composed, not counting the contribution of various energy or force-fields, which are not usually considered to be matter per se (though they may contribute to the mass of objects). ...
Properties For other articles with similar names, see Atom (disambiguation). ...
In science, a molecule is the smallest particle of a pure chemical substance that still retains its chemical composition and properties. ...
In chemistry, a molecule is an aggregate of at least two atoms in a definite arrangement held together by special forces. ...
Quartz crystal In chemistry and mineralogy, a crystal is a solid in which the constituent atoms, molecules, or ions are packed in a regularly ordered, repeating pattern extending in all three spatial dimensions. ...
Hot metal work from a blacksmith In chemistry, a metal (Greek: Metallon) is an element that readily forms positive ions (cations) and has metallic bonds. ...
Overview
Arabic al-kimia in turn is thought to derive from Greek word khemeia (χημεία) meaning alchemy. Two origins of this word have been proposed: either (according to Mahn[1]) from a Greek word χυμεία khumeia meaning "pouring together", "casting together", "weld", "alloy", etc. (cf. Gk. kheein "to pour"; khumatos, "that which is poured out, an ingot"); or alternatively (following Budge) from an Egyptian word khemein or khēmia, "preparation of black powder", ultimately derived from the name khem, Egypt. It is also possible that the word contains elements from both of these derivations.
The word alchemy comes from the Arabic al-kīmiyaˀ or al-khīmiyaˀ (الكيمياء or الخيمياء, also cf. Persian kimia meaning "gold") which is probably formed from the article al- and the Greek word for alchemy, khemeia (χημεία). This is also thought to be connected with the Greek words kheein "to pour" and khumeia "poured together", "cast together", "weld", "alloy", and khumatos, "that which is poured out, an ingot". A decree of Diocletian, written about 300 AD in Greek, speaks against "the ancient writings of the Egyptians, which treat of the khēmia [transmutation] of gold and silver". The Arabic language ( ), or simply Arabic ( ), is the largest member of the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family (classification: South Central Semitic) and is closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic. ...
Persian, also called Farsi or Parsi, is an Indo-European language spoken in Iran (Persia), Afghanistan, Tajikistan and by minorities in Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Southern Russia, neighboring countries, and elsewhere. ...
Emperor Diocletian. ...
It has further been suggested (following the Egyptologist E.Wallis Budge) that the Arabic word al-kīmiyaˀ actually means "the Egyptian [science]", borrowing from the Coptic word for "Egypt", kēme (or its equivalent in the Mediaeval Bohairic dialect of Coptic, khēme). This Coptic word derives from Demotic kmỉ, itself from ancient Egyptian kmt. The ancient Egyptian word referred to both the country and the colour "black" (Egypt was the "Black Land", by contrast with the "Red Land", the surrounding desert); so this etymology could also explain the nickname "Egyptian black arts". However, according to Mahn, this theory may be an example of folk etymology[1]. Sir Ernest Alfred Thompson Wallis Budge; (July 27, 1857–November 23, 1934) was an English Egyptologist, Orientalist, and Philologist. ...
Coptic is the most recent phase of ancient Egyptian. ...
Demotic script on a replica of the Rosetta stone. ...
Folk etymology or popular etymology is a linguistic term for a category of false etymology which has grown up in popular lore, as opposed to one which arose in scholarly usage. ...
See also The history of science investigates the historical record of human events that are pertinent to the cultural context and the secular development of what is currently called science, namely, a body of empirical and theoretical knowledge, produced by a global community of researchers, making use of specific techniques for the...
Portrait of Monsieur Lavoisier and his Wife, by Jacques-Louis David The history of chemistry may be said to begin with the distinction of chemistry from alchemy by Robert Boyle in his work The Skeptical Chymist, which was written after a long and tearfilled talk with his father, and alchymist...
Savery Engine [1698] The history of thermodynamics is a core strand in the history of physics and an important one in the history of science. ...
References - ^ a b Alchemy - Online Etymology Dictionary
External links |
Feeds |
Contact