The Chernivtsi region (Черніветська область, Chernivets’ka oblast’ in Ukrainian) lies in southwestern Ukraine, bordering on Romania and Moldova. It has a large variety of landforms: the Carpathian Mountains and picturesque hills at the foot of the mountains gradually change to a broad plain situated between the Dnister and Prut rivers. Square kilometre (US spelling: Square kilometer), symbol km², is an SI unit of surface area. ... See rayon for the textile made of processed cellulose. ... A city is an urban area, differentiated from a town, village, or hamlet by size, population density, importance, or legal status. ... Ukrainian is an East Slavic language, one of three members of this language group, the other two being Russian and Belarusian. ... Ukraine (Україна, Ukrayina in Ukrainian; Украина in Russian) is a republic in eastern Europe which borders Russia to the east, Belarus to the north, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary to the west, Romania and Moldova to the southwest and the Black Sea to the south. ... Romania (formerly spelled Rumania or Roumania; Romanian: România) is a country in southeastern Europe. ... The Republic of Moldova is a landlocked country in eastern Europe, located between Romania to the west and Ukraine to the east. ... This is about the terrestrial mountain range. ... The river Dniestr (in Polish and Russian; Nistru in Romanian; Дністер, Dnister in Ukrainian; Tyras in Latin; also known as Dniester) is a river in Eastern Europe. ... The Prut river (also known as Pruth) is 950 km long, originating in the Carpathian Mountains in Ukraine and flowing southeast to join the Danube river near Reni, east of Galaţi. ...

The Chernivtsi region, most part of which known by its ethnographic name Northern Bukovina, was created in 1940 (after being taken from Romania by Soviet Union, as an outcome of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact). It has a population (as of 2004-05-01) of 913,275 (with an important Romanian minority) and spans 8,100 km². Romania (formerly spelled Rumania or Roumania; Romanian: România) is a country in southeastern Europe. ... Molotov (left), Ribbentrop (in black) and Stalin (far right) The Molotov-Ribbentrop pact, also known as the Hitler-Stalin pact or Nazi-Soviet pact and formally known as the Treaty of Nonaggression between Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, was a non-aggression treaty between Germany and Russia... 2004 is a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... May 1 is the 121st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (122nd in leap years). ... The Romanians (români in present-day Romanian and rumâni in historical contexts) are an ethnic group; they are the majority inhabitants of Romania and of Moldova (where they are also called Moldovans, a disputed term); each of these countries also has other significant ethnic minorities, and the Romanians constitute an...

Geographically/historically, the region is composed of northeren Bukovina, northern half of the Chotin (Hotin) county of Bessarabia, and the Herta district, which prior to 1940 was part of the Dorohoi (presently Botosani) county of Romania. Bukovina - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... Old map of Bessarabia Bessarabia or Bessarabiya (Basarabia in Turkish) was the name used by Russia to designate the eastern part of the territory known as Moldova (Moldavia in English), which was occupied by Russia in 1812. ... Dorohoi is a town in the Botosani county, Romania, on the right bank of the river Jijia, which broadens into a lake on the north. ... Botoşani (population:129,000) is a city in Bukovina, Moldavia, Romania and it is the capital of the Botoşani County. ... Romania (formerly spelled Rumania or Roumania; Romanian: România) is a country in southeastern Europe. ...

Northern Bukovina, together with the southern Bukovina (most of the Suceava county of Romania) were cedeed in 1775 by the Ottoman empire from the principality of Moldova to Austria. There it was first part of Galitsia, then after the 1848 revolution, an autonomuous grand duchy. At the desintegration of Austro-Hungary in 1918, the elected representatives of Bukovina decided in Chernivtsi (Cernauti), the capital of the province, upon indisoluble union with Romania. On June 28, 1940, in accordance with the Article 3 of the additional protocol to the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact, Soviet Union ocupied from Romania Bessarabia, northern Bukovina and the Herta district. The Soviet take-over of Bukovina was motivated as a compensation for the belonging of Bessarabia from 1918 till 1940 to Romania and not to Russia/Soviet Union. The ocupation of the Herta district, which prior to that was never part of neither Austro-Hungary, nor Russian Empire, was not even mentioned in the Soviet-Nazi ageements, and was the result of simply where the Soviet troups stopped in 1940. Suceava (German Suczawa, Yiddish שאָץ Shots; population 106,000) is a city in the Suceava county, Bucovina, Romania. ... Romania (formerly spelled Rumania or Roumania; Romanian: România) is a country in southeastern Europe. ... The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power Imperial motto El Muzaffer Daima The Ever Victorious (as written in tugra) Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital İstanbul ( Constantinople/Asitane/Konstantiniyye ) Sovereigns Sultans of the Osmanli Dynasty Population ca 40 million Area 12+ million km² Establishment 1299 Dissolution October 29, 1923... The Republic of Austria (German: Republik Österreich) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. ... Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ... Bukovina - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... Chernivtsi (Чернівці, Romanian: Cernăuţi, German: Czernowitz, Polish: Czerniowce, Hungarian: Csernovic, Yiddish: Chernovits) is a city in Northern Bukovina, Ukraine. ... Chernivtsi (Чернівці, Romanian: Cernăuţi, German: Czernowitz, Polish: Czerniowce, Hungarian: Csernovic, Yiddish: Chernovits) is a city in Northern Bukovina, Ukraine. ... Molotov (left), Ribbentrop (in black) and Stalin (far right) The Molotov-Ribbentrop pact, also known as the Hitler-Stalin pact or Nazi-Soviet pact and formally known as the Treaty of Nonaggression between Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, was a non-aggression treaty between Germany and Russia... Soviet Union - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... Old map of Bessarabia Bessarabia or Bessarabiya (Basarabia in Turkish) was the name used by Russia to designate the eastern part of the territory known as Moldova (Moldavia in English), which was occupied by Russia in 1812. ... Bukovina - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... Bukovina - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... Old map of Bessarabia Bessarabia or Bessarabiya (Basarabia in Turkish) was the name used by Russia to designate the eastern part of the territory known as Moldova (Moldavia in English), which was occupied by Russia in 1812. ... Romania (formerly spelled Rumania or Roumania; Romanian: România) is a country in southeastern Europe. ... The Russian Federation (Russian: Росси́йская Федера́ция, transliteration: Rossiyskaya Federatsiya or Rossijskaja Federacija), or Russia (Russian: Росси́я, transliteration: Rossiya or Rossija), is a country that stretches over a vast expanse of eastern Europe and northern Asia. ... Soviet Union - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ... Imperial Russia is the term used to cover the period of Russian history from the expansion of Russia under Peter the Great, through the expansion of the Russian Empire from the Baltic to the Pacific Ocean, to the deposal of Nicholas II of Russia, the last tsar, at the start... Soviet redirects here. ... The Nazi party used a right-facing swastika as their symbol and the red and black colors were said to represent Blut und Boden (blood and soil). ... Soviet redirects here. ...

On August 2, 1940, out of some of the territories occupied on June 28, Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic was formed, the 15th republic of the Soviet Union. The remainder of the territories were included in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic - the northern part formed the Chernivtsi region, the southern part was included in the Odessa region. It has been argued on why did the Soviets split the taken territories like this. In the case of the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania), their borders were largely preserved, and even the Soviet press before August 2, 1940 described a Moldavian SSR with all the occupied territories included. It is very possible that the sole reason for this late change of intentions was the fact that the Soviet commission that redraw the border was headed by Nikita Khrushchev, the then leader of the Ukrainian SSR, and later (1956-1964) leader of the USSR, who simply wanted more territory for Ukraine. State motto: Пролетарь дин тоате цэриле, униць-вэ! Official language None. ... Soviet Union - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... State motto: Пролетарі всіх країн, єднайтеся! Official language None. ... The Republic of Estonia is a country in Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the north. ... The Republic of Latvia (Latvian: Latvijas Republika), or Latvia (Latvian: Latvija), is a country in Northern Europe. ... The Republic of Lithuania (in Lithuanian, Lietuva) is a republic in Northeastern Europe. ... Soviet redirects here. ... Nikita Khrushchev in 1962 Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (Russian: Ники́та Серге́евич Хрущёв) (nih-KEE-tah khroo-SHCHYOFF) (April 17, 1894 – September 11, 1971) was the leader of the Soviet Union after the death of Joseph Stalin. ...

Unlike the Bessarabian population that was somewhat accustomed to Russian rule (it was part of the Russian Empire before 1918), the Bukovinian population has never been expecting a possible Russian attempt for take-over, and staged many protests, without realizing that that could provoke serious Soviet reprisals. In the winter and spring of 1941 Soviet troups have opened fire on many groups of locals trying to cross the border into Romania. It is famous the case of a 3000 to 5000-strong march of civilians that gathered momentum in the small city of Storojinet on March 26th, 1941, where it simply overthrew the Soviet government. It was fired upon by NKVD from an well-organized ambush on April 1st, 1941 near Fantana-Alba, a few km from the Romanian border, killing around a thousand unarmed civilians, men, women, children and eldery alike. (Only 300 were killed "on the spot", the others, injured, were chased through woods and fields, caught, tied to horses and draged to already digged spots where if still alive were given the last shots.) Soviet redirects here. ... Black Ravens by Boris Vladimirski, a depiction of the cars used by NKVD agents. ...

Between September 17 and November 17, 1940, by a mutual agreement between USSR and Germany, 43 641 "ethnic Germans" from the Chernivtsi region were moved to Germany. The total German population was however only 34 500, and of these 3 500 did not go to Germany. The obvious difference accounts for Romanians, Ukrainins and Poles that the local German organizers included as "Germans". Unfortunately, upon their arrival the Nazi government sent over half of them to concentration camps, and only some were freed after protests of the Romanian government.

Throughout 1940-41 several tens of thousand Bukovinians were deported to Siberia and Kazakhstan, of which 13 000 alone on June 13, 1941; regardless of their ethnicity. In 1944, when the Soviet troups returned to Bukovina, many fleed to Romania, and the region has been seriously depopulated. Also the ethnic composition has changed. In 1940, there were roughly 6:4:2:1:1 Ukrainians:Romanians:Jews:Germans:Poles. Today the number of Jews, Germans and Poles is statistically insignificant, the number of Romanians has decreased substancially, while many imigrants have appeared from eastern Ukraine and Russia proper. During the Soviet times (1940-1941, 1944-1991) there has been slow but constant migration of ethnical Romanians to Moldavian SSR, where they could learn in schools and universities in Moldavian/Romanian language, unlike in the Chernivtsi region. Many ethnical Romanians/Moldavians are to this date officially registered as Russians or Ukrainins, a legacy of the former USSR. Siberian federal subjects of Russia Siberia ( Russian: Сиби́рь, common English transliterations: Sibir, Sibir; possibly from the Mongolian for the calm land) is a vast region of Russia and northern Kazakhstan constituting almost all of northern Asia. ... Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Қазақстан, Qazaqstan, IPA /qɑzɑqˈstɑn/; Russian: Казахстан, Kazakhstán, IPA /kɐzəxˈstɐn/), also spelled Kazakstan, is a country that stretches over a vast expanse of Asia, and a former republic of the now extinct USSR. A portion of its territory west of the Ural River is located in eastern... Soviet redirects here. ... Bukovina - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... Romania (formerly spelled Rumania or Roumania; Romanian: România) is a country in southeastern Europe. ...

It must be noted that there was always a small Ukrainian minority in Bukovina: in 1775 Ukrainians (Ruthenians) and Polish in Bukovina (including the south) were together ten thousand-strong (out of 75 000 total), in 1918 as a result of migration from Galicia, there were approximately 200 000 Ukrainians only, out of a total of 730 000 (again, including the south Bukovina, where there are fewer Ukrainians). The Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, or simply Galicia, was the largest and northernmost province of Austria from 1772 until 1918, with Lemberg (Lwów, Lviv) as its capital city. ...

The ethnic Ukrainians in the south-western mountain part of the Chernivtsi region belong to the Hutsul ethnicity, which inhabits an area in the Carpathian Mountains from the Bukovinian town of Putila, then across the Ceremus River in southern Pocutia (southern part of the Ivano-Frankivs'k region) until the northern Maramures town of Bychkiv (Transcarpathia region). Hutsuls or Huculs (Ukrainian: Гуцули, singular Гуцул) are a group of Ukrainian highlanders, considered a subgroup of Rusyns by some references. ... This is about the terrestrial mountain range. ... Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast (Івано-Франківська область, Ivano-Frankivs’ka oblast’ in Ukrainian) is an oblast of Ukraine. ... Zakarpattya or Transcarpathia (Закарпатська область, Zakarpats’ka oblast’ in Ukrainian) or Kárpátalja in Hungarian is an oblast ( region) of Ukraine. ...

Presently, the population of the Chernivtsi region is approximately 920 000, of which almost 70% are Ukrainians, and only 299 000 are Romanian and Moldavian (again, as a legacy of Soviet period, there still exists a formal distinction between people which in ducuments are registered Romanians or Moldavians, even sometimes members of the same family). In the Herta district, the Romanian population is over 95%, while in the city of Chernivtsi (Cernauti), only 29 000 of the 250 000 are Romanians, the rest being mostly Ukrainians. However, there has never been in the recent history any ethnical incident.
Chernivtsi (Чернівці, Romanian: Cernăuţi, German: Czernowitz, Polish: Czerniowce, Hungarian: Csernovic, Yiddish: Chernovits) is a city in Northern Bukovina, Ukraine. ... Chernivtsi (Чернівці, Romanian: Cernăuţi, German: Czernowitz, Polish: Czerniowce, Hungarian: Csernovic, Yiddish: Chernovits) is a city in Northern Bukovina, Ukraine. ... Chernivtsi (Чернівці, Romanian: Cernăuţi, German: Czernowitz, Polish: Czerniowce, Hungarian: Csernovic, Yiddish: Chernovits) is a city in Northern Bukovina, Ukraine. ...