Elisaveta Dmitrieva

Cherubina de Gabriak (Russian: Черубина де Габриак) was a literary pseudonym of Elisaveta Ivanovna Dmitrieva (Russian: Елизавета Ивановна Дмитриева; 1887–1928) most probably together with Maximilian Voloshin. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (680x700, 128 KB) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (680x700, 128 KB) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... 1887 is a common year starting on Saturday (click on link for calendar). ... 1928 was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... Maximilian Alexandrovich Kirienko-Voloshin (1877 - 1932) was one of the significant representatives of the epoch of symbolism in Russian culture and literature. ...

Mysterious poet

In August 1909, the famous Russian artistic periodical Apollon received a letter with verses on a perfumed paper with black mourn edges, signed only by a single Russian letter Ch. The verses were filled with half-revelations about its author—supposedly a beautiful maiden with dark secrets. The same day a woman with a beautiful voice phoned the journal's publisher Sergei Makovsky and arranged for publication of the verses. Over the next few months, publications of the newfound poetic star were the major hit of the magazine, and many believed that they had found a major new talent in Russian poetry. The identity of the author was slowly revealed: her name was Baroness Cherubina de Gabriak, a Russian-speaking girl of French and Polish ancestry who lived in a very strict Roman Catholic aristocratic family, who severely limited the girl's contacts with the outside world because of an unspoken secret in her past. Almost all Apollon’s male writers fell in love with her, most of all the great poet Nikolai Gumilyov. He wrote a series of passionate love letters to her and received quite passionate answers. 1909 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Che (Ч, ч) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the consonant cluster /tS/ or /tS/ (like the ch in change). Categories: Cyrillic letters | Stub ... Sergei Konstantinovich Makovsky (Russian: , 1877—1962) —— son of the painter Konstantin Makovsky was a poet, arts critic and organiser of many art expositions. ... Russian literature refers to the literature of Russia or its émigrés, and to the Russian-language literature of several independent nations once a part of what was historically Russia or the Soviet Union. ... Baroness could refer to: Female equivalent of Baron. ... The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... Nikolai Gumilev during his senior years in gymnasium Nikolay Stepanovich Gumilyov (Russian: , April 15 NS 1886 - August 1921) was an influential Russian poet who founded the acmeism movement. ...

The fame of the newfound genius was short-lived. In November it was discovered that Baroness Cherubina de Gabriak did not exist at all, and the verses were written by a disabled schoolteacher, Elisaveta Ivanovna Dmitrieva, with the participation of a major Apollon contributor and editor, the poet Maximilian Voloshin. The term disability, as it is applied to humans, refers to any condition that impedes the completion of daily tasks using traditional methods. ... Maximilian Alexandrovich Kirienko-Voloshin (1877 - 1932) was one of the significant representatives of the epoch of symbolism in Russian culture and literature. ...

Apparently Sergei Makovsky had rejected several of Dmitrieva's verses; and Voloshin, who knew his publisher quite well, invented the legend about Cherubina. There is still controversy about the correct attribution of Gabriak's corpus. Most contemporaries, including all of Apollon’s critics, were certain that all the verses and most of the letters were written by Voloshin himself; after all, they claimed, Cherubina was a first-rank poet and Dmitrieva was not. Both Elisaveta Dmitrieva and Maximilian Voloshin claimed that the verses were all Dmitrieva's, and that Voloshin only selected them and suggested themes and expressions. Modern researchers tend to support attribution of the verses to Dmitrieva, as they are quite similar to her later works. In law a corpus (Latin: body) is a set, a collection of documents and sources. ...

Duel

Nikolai Gumilyov was outraged by the thought that his passionate romantic correspondence might in fact have been with a mocking Maximilian Voloshin. Even so, Dmitrieva claimed that she had written the letters to Gumilyov herself, had indeed been in love, but had known the romance would end the moment Gumilyov saw her. Maximilian Alexandrovich Kirienko-Voloshin (1877 - 1932) was one of the significant representatives of the epoch of symbolism in Russian culture and literature. ...

On November 19, 1909, at the studio of artist Ivan Bilibin, Gumilyov slapped Voloshin across the face, which by the customs of the time made a duel inevitable. The duel took place on November 22 on the banks of the Chernaya River, which had been the site of the fatal duel between Alexander Pushkin and Georges d'Anthès. Voloshin's second was Aleksei Nikolaevich Tolstoi; Gumilyov's second was Ioganess von Gunter. November 19 is the 323rd day of the year (324th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1909 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Ivan Yakovlevich Bilibin (Иван Яковлевич Билибин) (1876-1942) was a Russian artist: painter, illustrator and stage designer. ... A duel or duel of honour is a formalised type of armed combat in which two individuals participate. ... November 22 is the 326th day (327th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Chernaya River (Russian: Черная Речка), also known as the Tchernaya Rechka or Black River, is a small river in Saint Petersburg. ... Aleksandr Pushkin was a Russian poet and a founder of modern Russian literature Aleksandr Sergeyevich Pushkin (Russian: Алекса́ндр Серге́евич Пу́шкин) (June 6 (May 26, O.S.), 1799 - February 10 (January 29, O.S.), 1837), Russian author, whom many consider the greatest Russian poet and the founder of modern Russian literature. ... Georges-Charles de Heeckeren dAnthès, baron (1812–1895). ... Aleksei Nikolaevich Tolstoi (1883-1945), nicknamed the Comrade Count, was a Russian writer from Soviet era who wrote erotic stories, science fiction, and historical novels. ...

The peace-loving Voloshin did not want to kill Gumilyov, and wanted even less to be killed himself, so he planned a psychological diversion to defuse the situation. While walking to the place of the duel he lost one of his pair of galoshes in the mud, and claimed that he could not shoot until the missing boot was found. Both seconds started to look for it, and within half an hour Gumilyov joined the search. When eventually the boot was found, the duel had become psychologically impossible, and both participants agreed on a truce. Gumilyov was still angry with Voloshin and broke off all contact until a few months before his death in 1921, when he visited Voloshin and restored their friendship. Heavy type galoshes Galoshes are a type of rubber boot that one slips over shoes to keep shoes from getting muddy or wet. ... 1921 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...

Elisaveta Dmitrieva

The real author of Gabriak's poetry, Elisaveta Dmitrieva, was born on March 31, 1887. Between 1890 and 1903 she suffered from tuberculosis of the bones and was left lame and barely able to walk. March 31 is the 90th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (91st in Leap years), with 275 days remaining, as the final day of March. ... 1887 is a common year starting on Saturday (click on link for calendar). ... 1890 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1903 has the latest occurring solstices and equinoxes for 400 years, because the Gregorian calendar hasnt had a leap year for seven years or a century leap year since 1600. ... Tuberculous lungs show up on an X-ray image Tuberculosis is an infection with the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which most commonly affects the lungs (pulmonary TB) but can also affect the central nervous system (meningitis), lymphatic system, circulatory system (miliary TB), genitourinary system, bones and joints. ...

She studied old French and Spanish literature at Saint Petersburg State University, and published some verses both before and after her Gabriak period but without much success. In 1911 she married Vasiliev, an engineer, and took his last name. Seal of Saint Petersburg State University Saint Petersburg State University (Санкт-Петербургский Государственный Университет) one of the oldest Russian educational institutions, established in the city of Saint Petersburg on January 28, 1724 by decree of Peter the Great. ... 1911 was a common year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ...

In the early 1920s, she worked with poet and translator Samuil Marshak on theatrical plays for children. Later she also published prose and translations. Samuil Marshak. ...

Starting from 1921, she was searched and interrogated by the State Political Directorate along with other members of the Anthroposophic Society. Finally she was exiled to a remote village in Kazakhstan where she died in 1928. 1921 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Soviet poster of the 1920s: The GPU strikes on the head the counter-revolutionary saboteur State Political Directorate was the secret police of the RSFSR and USSR until 1934. ... Anthroposophy, also called spiritual science by its founder, Rudolf Steiner, is a philosophy (or, as some opponents claim, a religion) that sprung from the Theosophy movement. ... 1928 was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ...

External links

• Gabriak's lyrics (in Russian)
• Gabriak's biography (in Russian)

See also

• Ern Malley, nonexistent Australian poet