NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Chesham

Coordinates: 51°42′11″N 0°36′07″W / 51.703, -0.602 Image File history File links Size of this preview: 504 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (600 Ã— 714 pixels, file size: 292 KB, MIME type: image/png) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Red_pog. ... Buckinghamshire (abbreviated Bucks) is one of the home counties in South East England. ... The British national grid reference system is a system of geographic grid references commonly used in Great Britain, different from using latitude or longitude. ... The districts of England are a level of subnational division of England used for the purposes of local government. ... The Chiltern District is one of four local government district of Buckinghamshire in south central England. ... Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties are one of the four levels of English administrative division used for the purposes of local government. ... Buckinghamshire (abbreviated Bucks) is one of the home counties in South East England. ... The region, also known as Government Office Region, is currently the highest tier of local government subnational entity of England in the United Kingdom. ... South East England is one of the nine official regions of England. ... // Constituent country is a phrase used, often by official institutions, in contexts in which a historical, currently non-legally officially recognised country makes up a part of a larger entity or grouping. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... This list of sovereign states, alphabetically arranged, gives an overview of states around the world with information on the extent of their sovereignty. ... A post town is a required part of all UK postal addresses. ... UK postal codes are known as postcodes. ... The HP postcode area is a group of twenty-three postal districts in north west Hertfordshire and East Buckinghamshire. ... +44 redirects here. ... There are a number of policing agencies in the United Kingdom. ... Thames Valley Police is one of the largest Home Office police services in England and the largest non-metropolitan one, covering 2200 sq mi (5,700 kmÂ²) and a population of 2. ... A Fire Appliance belonging to the Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service The fire service in the United Kingdom has undergone dramatic changes since the beginning of the 21st century, a process that has been propelled by a devolution of central government powers, new legislation and a change to operational... The Buckinghamshire Fire and Rescue Service, is the Fire Service serving the county of Buckinghamshire. ... The South Central Ambulance Service NHS Trust is the authority responsible for providing NHS ambulance services in Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Hampshire, Milton Keynes, Oxfordshire, Portsmouth, and Southampton, in the South East England region. ... This is a list of Members of the European Parliament for the United Kingdom in the 2004 to 2009 session, ordered by name. ... The constituency within England. ... The United Kingdom House of Commons is made up of Members of Parliament (MPs). ... Chesham and Amersham is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. ... List of cities in the United Kingdom List of towns in England Lists of places within counties List of places in Bedfordshire List of places in Berkshire List of places in Buckinghamshire List of places in Cambridgeshire List of places in Cheshire List of places in Cleveland List of places... The boundaries of Buckinghamshire have changed considerably over a number of years. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...

Chesham (pronounced traditionally and locally "Chess-am" or "Chezz-um, although "Chesh-am" has become more common in usage) is a market town in the Chiltern Hills, Buckinghamshire, England. It is the fifth largest town in the ceremonial county of Buckinghamshire, with a population of some 20,300 people (behind Milton Keynes with 184,500, High Wycombe with 118,200, Aylesbury with 69,200 and Amersham with 21,400). It is situated in the picturesque Chess Valley and surrounded by farmland, as well as being bordered on one side by Amersham and Chesham Bois. Despite once having a thriving set of industries (including beer, brushes, boots and watercress) these have declined, with only the brush factory remaining. Employment in the town is in the main now provided by small business engaged in light industry, technology and professional services. The town has increasingly become a commuter town with connection to London via the Underground. The market town is a medieval phenomenon. ... The Chiltern Hills are a chalk escarpment in south east England. ... Buckinghamshire (abbreviated Bucks) is one of the home counties in South East England. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... A ceremony is an activity, infused with ritual significance, performed on a certain occasion. ... A county is generally a sub-unit of regional self-government within a sovereign jurisdiction. ... , Milton Keynes ( ; IPA ) is a large town in South East England, about 45 miles (75 km) north-west of London. ... // The world renound retard, jack milner, has been said to be living in the retarded town just west of high wycombe known as down syndromly. ... This page is about Aylesbury in Buckinghamshire, England. ... Amersham (previously Agmondesham) is a market town 27 miles north west of London, in the Chiltern Hills, England. ... The River Chess is chalk-stream which springs from Chesham, Bucks and lies in the Chess Valley in Buckinghamshire and Hertfordshire, in south-eastern England. ... Amersham (previously Agmondesham) is a market town 27 miles north west of London, in the Chiltern Hills, England. ... Chesham Bois (traditionally pronounced chess-am boyz, after the nearby River Chess, but now more commonly pronounced chesh-am boyz) is a village in Buckinghamshire, England, adjacent to both Amersham and Chesham. ... For other uses, see Beer (disambiguation). ... Different styles of paintbrushes The term brush refers to a variety of devices with bristles, used for cleaning, grooming hair or painting. ... Boots is the name of at least five different albums and singles: Boots by Nancy Sinatra (1966) Boots by Mighty Gabby (1984) Boots by Condemned Eighty Four (2001) Boots by KMFDM (2002) Boots by Noe Venable (2003) It is also the name of a large chain of chemists in the... Species Nasturtium nasturtium-aquaticum L. Nasturtium microphyllum Boenn ex Rchb. ... Commuting is the process of travelling from a place of residence to a place of work. ... The London Underground is a rapid transit system that serves a large part of Greater London and some neighbouring areas of Essex, Hertfordshire and Buckinghamshire. ...

History

Early history

There is archeological evidence of the earliest settlement during the Mesolithic period around 8000 BC and the earliest farming evidence from the Neolithic era around 2500 BC. Bronze Age tribes settled in the valley around 1800 BC and they were succeeded by Iron Age Belgic people of the Catuvellauni tribe around 500 BC. Between 150-400 AD there is evidence of Romano-British farming and nearby at Latimer there is archaeological evidence of a Roman villa and the planting of grapevines. However the area was then deserted until the Saxon period around the 7th century'.^[1] The Mesolithic (Greek mesos=middle and lithos=stone or the Middle Stone Age[1]) was a period in the development of human technology between the Paleolithic and Neolithic periods of the Stone Age. ... An array of Neolithic artifacts, including bracelets, axe heads, chisels, and polishing tools. ... The Bronze Age is a period in a civilizations development when the most advanced metalworking has developed the techniques of smelting copper from natural outcroppings and alloys it to cast bronze. ... Iron Age Axe found on Gotland This article is about the archaeological period known as the Iron Age, for the mythological Iron Age see Iron Age (mythology). ... The first recorded mention of Belgae, part of the mix that make up modern Belgians, was in the year 58 B.C.; Gaius Julius Caesar, departing from the Roman province of Gallia Narbonensis (now Provence), decided to conquer the rest of the Gauls. ... The Catuvellaunii (meaning probably good in battle) were one of the Celtic tribes living in the British Isles, before the Roman invasion of Britain. ... Romano-British is a term used to refer to the Romanized Britons under the Roman Empire (and later the Western Roman Empire) and in the years after the Roman departure exposed to Roman culture and Christian religion. ... Latimer is a village and civil parish that sits on the border between Buckinghamshire and Hertfordshire, in England. ... Archaeology or sometimes in American English archeology (from the Greek words αρχαίος = ancient and λόγος = word/speech) is the study of human cultures through the recovery, documentation and analysis of material remains, including architecture, artefacts, biofacts, human remains, and landscapes. ... For other uses, see Roman Empire (disambiguation). ... The Albertian Villa Medici in Fiesole: terraced grounds on a sloping site. ... Look up Saxon in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

The first recorded reference to Chesham, or Cestreham, Anglo-Saxon for "the river-meadow at the pile of stones" was as ‘Caesteleshamm’ in around 970 in the will of Lady Elgiva, an Anglo-Saxon Queen who received it on the annulment of her marriage to Edwy King of England in 955. Contrary to popular belief, the town is not named after the river; rather, the river is named after the town. On her death it passed to the Abbey at Abingdon. In 1086 'Cestreham' is briefly recorded in the Domesday Book as being of 8½ hides, having four mills and being under the control of Hugh de Bolbec.^[2]^[3] Old English redirects here. ... Elgiva was the wife of king Edwy of England. ... For other uses, see Anglo-Saxon. ... Edwy All-Fair (941? - October 1, 959) was a King of England (955-959). ... Bold textTHIS IS THE PAGE THAT A.S. REALLY NEEDS!! THIS IS NOW MARKED!!! ] ps i like A.O. This article is about an abbey as a Christian monastic community. ... Abingdon may refer to the following places: The eponymous Abingdon, Oxfordshire Abingdon, Ontario, Canada Abingdon, Iowa, USA Abingdon, Illinois, USA Abingdon, Maryland, USA Abingdon, North Carolina, USA Abingdon, South Carolina, USA Abingdon, Virginia, USA Abingdon Magisterial District, Virginia, USA It may also refer to: Abingdon (1902 automobile) Abingdon (1922 automobile... A line drawing entitled Domesday Book from Andrew Williamss Historic Byways and Highways of Old England. ... Hides are skins obtained from animals that are used for human use. ...

The land owners of Chesham

Henry III granted the town a royal charter for a weekly market in 1257. During the 13th and 14th centuries the manor of Great Chesham was a part of the lands held by the Earls of Oxford and Surrey. During the 16th century it was owned by the Seymour family who disposed of it to the Cavendish family the Earls and later Dukes of Devonshire who held it into the first part of the 19th century. Meanwhile adjacent land in and around the town was owned by the Lowndes family. William Lowndes was an influential politician and Secretary to the Treasury during the reign of William III and Queen Anne. He had 'The Bury' built and his heirs settled in Chesham and over the next 200 years became equally influential both nationally through politics and the law and within the town. Henry III (1 October 1207 â€“ 16 November 1272) was the son and successor of John Lackland as King of England, reigning for fifty-six years from 1216 to his death. ... Look up manor in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Earl of Oxford - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Arms of the Warrens of Surrey The Earldom of Surrey was first created in 1088 for William de Warenne. ... The Dukes of Devonshire are members of the aristocratic Cavendish family in the United Kingdom. ... In the United Kingdom, there are at least five Secretaries to the Treasury, officials officially acting as secretaries to the Treasury board. ... William III (14 November 1650 â€“ 8 March 1702) was the Prince of Orange from his birth, Stadtholder of the main provinces of the Dutch Republic from 28 June 1672, King of England and King of Ireland from 13 February 1689, and King of Scots (under the name William II) from... Anne (6 February 1665 â€“ 1 August 1714) became Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland on 8 March 1702, succeeding William III of England and II of Scotland. ...

Nonconformity

Chesham is noted for the religious unrest which dominated the town from the 1500s. In 1532 Thomas Harding was burnt at the stake in the town for being a Lollard and heretic. During the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries Chesham experienced a surge in nonconformity a focus for those dissenting from mainstream religion. The first Baptists meeting dates back to about 1640 and the first chapel was opened in 1701, the first of six to be built. In 1796 the Quakers also had built a meeting house. We dont have an article called Thomas Harding Start this article Search for Thomas Harding in. ... Lollardy or Lollardry was the political and religious movement of the Lollards in late 14th century and early 15th century England. ... Look up Heretic in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Nonconformism is the refusal to conform to common standards, conventions, rules, traditions or laws. ... English Dissenters were dissenters from England who opposed State interference in religious matters and founded their own communities over the 16th to 18th century period. ... Topics in Christianity Movements Â· Denominations Â· Other religions Ecumenism Â· Preaching Â· Prayer Music Â· Liturgy Â· Calendar Symbols Â· Art Â· Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul Â· Church Fathers Constantine Â· Athanasius Â· Augustine Anselm Â· Aquinas Â· Palamas Â· Luther Calvin Â· Wesley Arius Â· Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury Â· Catholic Pope Coptic Pope Â· Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box: Baptist is... The Religious Society of Friends, commonly known as Quakers, or Friends, is a religious community founded in England in the 17th century. ...

Industrial development

The primary industries of the town in Medieval times were flour production, woodworking and the dying and weaving of wool. There were four mills built along the Chess which was diverted to generate sufficient power. Between 1740 to 1798 mills were converted to produce paper (pulp) responding to London's insatiable demand for paper. However, technological developments in paper-making elsewhere rendered the mills unprofitable and they reverted to flour production in the 1850s. Meanwhile wool production in Yorkshire killed of in the local industry by the 19th century. The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ...

New industries emerged from the 16th century onwards. A small-scale woodenware industry begun around 1538 but grew following the planting of beechwoods between 17th and 19th centuries. Lace-making developed in 16th century as a cottage industry and was valued for its quality until fashions changed and decline set in around 1850. Between 1838 and 1864 silk-spinning, powered by steam-driven mills was started to make use of unemployed lace workers. This trend was relatively short-lived as changes in fashion and the growth of the railways resulted in competition from elsewhere for the valuable London markets. However one exception was the firm of George Tutill, which specialised in high-quality banners and was responsible for three-quarters of those made for Trades Unions. The firm is still a going concern still specailising in flags and banners. For other uses of this word, see Silk (disambiguation). ... Banner-making is the ancient art or craft of sewing banners. ... A union (labor union in American English; trade union, sometimes trades union, in British English; either labour union or trade union in Canadian English) is a legal entity consisting of employees or workers having a common interest, such as all the assembly workers for one employer, or all the workers...

Straw plaiting was seen as home-based work for the wives and daughters of labourers from the 18th century. Straw was imported to produce plait for the Luton hat trade. Brush making was introduced around 1829 to make use of the off-cuts from woodworking. Tanneries opened around 1792 supplying leather for saddle making, gloves boot making thrived in small workshops. By the mid 1800s both brushmaking and footwear manufacture became major industries in the town with production now concentrated in larger factories. Both would see a similar decline at the start of the 20th century.^[4]. By the start of the 21st Century footwear manufacture had largely ceased, although limited bursh making continued. STRAW and STRAW MANUFACTURES. Straw (from strew, as being used for strewing), is the general term applied to the stalky residue of grain-plants (especially wheat, rye, oats, barley). ... For other uses, see Luton (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Brush (disambiguation). ... Tanning is making leather from skin; Paul Tannery was a mathematician. ... A saddle is a seat for a rider fastened to an animals back. ... A glove (Middle English from Old English glof) is a type of garment which covers the hand. ... Shoemaker redirects here. ...

Post Second World War industry has ranged from the manufacture of glue (Industrial Adhesives) to aluminium-based packaging (Alcan) and balloons (B-Loony). For the band, see Adhesive (band). ... Aluminum redirects here. ... Alcan (ALaska CANada) is also one of the common names for the Alaska Highway that connects Dawson Creek, British Columbia, with Fairbanks, Alaska. ... For other uses, see Balloon (disambiguation). ...

The town in times of war

William the Conquerer paused at nearby Berkhamsted in 1066 en route to London. Henry VIII imposed a tax on the town to pay for his wars against Scotland and France. , Berkhamsted is a historic town of some 19,000 people. ... Henry VIII King of England and Ireland by Hans Holbein the Younger His Grace King Henry VIII (28 June 1491–28 January 1547) was King of England and Lord of Ireland (later King of Ireland) from 22 April 1509 until his death. ... This article is about the country. ...

In common with the majority of communities in Buckinghamshire, Chesham's lollard heritage and puritan traditions ensured it would vehemently resist King Charles I demand for Ship Money a tax on tradesmen and landowners. In 1635 the townsfolk of Chesham protested to the Sheriff of Buckinghamshire, Sir Peter Temple who was reluctantly enforcing a writ requiring payment of a levy to the King. Not surprisingly given the local allegiances to John Hampden the towns' people largely sided with the Parliamentarians at the outbreak of the English Civil War. There is evidence of skirmishes in the area and the Parliamentarians were billeted in the town for a period. Lollardy or Lollardry was the political and religious movement of the Lollards in late 14th century and early 15th century England. ... For the record label, see Puritan Records. ... Charles I King of England, Scotland and Ireland Charles I (19 November 1600–30 January 1649) was King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 27 March 1625, until his death. ... Ship money was a tax, the levy of which by Charles I of England without the consent of Parliament was one of the causes of the English Civil War. ... John Hampden John Hampden as depicted in the 1851 Illustrated London Reading Book John Hampden (circa 1595â€”1643) was an English politician, the eldest son of William Hampden, of Hampden House, Great Hampden in Buckinghamshire, a descendant of a very ancient family of that county, said to have been established... The Roundheads was the nickname given to supporters of the Parliamentarian cause in the English Civil War. ... For other uses, see English Civil War (disambiguation). ...

The records of the Posse Comitatus for Chesham in 1798 recorded over 800 men between the ages of 16-60 enrolled in a militia to defend the town in the event of invasion by Napoleon I or to deal with civil unrest. Less than 50 years later, in 1846 a similar register of 22 able-bodied men had been assembled to form the Chesham troop of the Royal Buckinghamshire Yeomanry which coincided with the billeting of troops from the Queen's Own 7th Hussars passing through the town on their way to Ireland.^[5] In common law, posse comitatus (Latin, county force, meaning a sort of local militia) referred to the authority wielded by the county sheriff to conscript any able-bodied male over the age of fifteen to assist him in keeping the peace or to pursue and arrest a felon; compare hue... For other uses, see Napoleon (disambiguation). ... The 7th Queens Own Hussars was a cavalry regiment in the British Army, first formed in 1690. ...

During the First World War 188 servicemen from Chesham lost their lives (see Landmarks). Alfred Burt a corporal in the Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Regiment from Chesham received the Victoria Cross for his actions in September 1915. The town were temporary quarters for several regiments including the Kings Royal Rifles and the Royal Engineers honed their bridge building skills in local parks. Over the duration of the Second World War 80 servicemen lost their lives. Air raid shelters were built by the Council in 1940 although the official view was that the not being a strategic location the town was unlikely to be targeted. In fact at the end of the war it was estimated that 45 bombs fell in the Chesham area and it is known that nine people were killed.^[6] Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. ... Alfred Alexander Burt was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. ... The Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Regiment (known as The Bedfordshire Regiment until 1919) was an infantry regiment of the line in the British Army from 1881 to 1958. ... For other uses, see Victoria Cross (disambiguation). ... The Kings Royal Rifle Corps was a British Army formation. ... The Corps of Royal Engineers, usually just called the Royal Engineers (RE), and commonly known as the Sappers, is one of the corps of the British Army. ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ...

Social history

A Chesham workhouse for 90 paupers was operating in Germain Street as early as 1777. New legislation transferred the control of the Chesham institution to Amersham Poor Law Union in 1835. However there were long-standing rivalries between the locals of both towns and in July that year violence broke out when an order was given to remove the paupers to Amersham. The Riot Act was read out to an angry crowd of 500 and arrests followed.^[7] Former workhouse at Nantwich, dating from 1780 A workhouse was a place where people who were unable to support themselves could go to live and work. ... A Poor Law Union was a unit used for local government in the United Kingdom from the 19th century. ... For the album by Pearl Jam see Riot Act (album). ...

Publicly-funded education started with the opening of a British School in 1825 followed by a National School in 1845, an Infants' School in 1851 and the first Girls' School in 1852. Chesham Building Society, the oldest such society in the world opened for business in 1845. Other public institutions also started at this time with the Fire Brigade coming in 1846, the first cemetery in 1858 and the Police Station built in 1861.^[8] The British & Foreign School Society runs a number of centres in the vicinity of London, England. ... A national school is a particular type of primary school in Ireland that is not directly financed or administered by the State. ... Primary or elementary education is the first years of formal, structured education that occurs during childhood. ... Girls School was a single by Paul McCartney and his former band Wings. ... Logo of the Chesham Building Society The Chesham Building Society is, as the name suggests, a building society based in the market town of Chesham in Buckinghamshire, England. ... Firefighter with an axe A firefighter, sometimes still called a fireman though women have increasingly joined firefighting units, is a person who is trained and equipped to put out fires, rescue people and in some areas provide emergency medical services. ... A typical suburban police station in the United States (this one is in San Bruno, California). ...

Chesham cottage hospital, built for £865 17s 11d on land provided by Lord Chesham, opened in October 1869 and just ahead of an outbreak of typhoid in 1871. (Despite a local campaign to save the hospital its closure was announced in September 2004).^[9] The Council commissioned a waterworks to be built in 1875 in Alma Road and mains drainage in the town and a sewage works was opened adjacent to the Chess, downstream in 1887. A gasworks was constructed on the northern part of the town in 1847. The original concept of a cottage hospital was a small rural hospital having up to 25 beds. ... Baron Chesham, of Chesham in the County of Buckinghamshire, is a peerage title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. ... This is about the disease typhoid fever. ... Sewage is domestic, municipal, or industrial liquid waste products. ... Urban areas require some methods for collection and disposal of sewage. ... Sewage treatment, or domestic wastewater treatment, is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater, both runoff and domestic. ... Gasification is a process that converts carbonaceous materials, such as coal or biomass, into carbon monoxide and hydrogen. ...

The Metropolitan railway came late to the town, arriving in Chesham in July 1889. Electrification was not to come until the 1960's. Between the two world wars and in the 1950s and 60s there was much expansion in the town with new public housing developments along the Missenden Road, at Pond Park and at Botley.^[10]^[11] The Metropolitan Railway (MetR) and the Metropolitan District Railway (District) were the first two underground railways to be constructed in London, starting in the 1860s, and the first of the worlds metro systems. ... Looking over Chesham from Milton Road (on the hill), part of Pond Park Pond Park (originally called North Chesham) is an area of Chesham in Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom, built on the hills to the north of the town starting in 1929. ... Botley is the name of several places in the United Kingdom: Botley, Buckinghamshire Botley, Hampshire Botley, Oxfordshire Botley is a fictional robot in Knowledge Adventures Jumpstart 3rd Grade This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

Geography

The town is located in the Chess Valley, and the nearest towns are Amersham and slightly further afield Berkhamsted, High Wycombe and Hemel Hempstead. Chesham is 11 miles south-east of the county town of Aylesbury and is situated 25 miles (40 km) north west of central London. Amersham (previously Agmondesham) is a market town 27 miles north west of London, in the Chiltern Hills, England. ... , Berkhamsted is a historic town of some 19,000 people. ... // The world renound retard, jack milner, has been said to be living in the retarded town just west of high wycombe known as down syndromly. ... Hemel Hempstead is a town in Hertfordshire, England with a population of 81,143 at the 2001 Census. ... This page is about Aylesbury in Buckinghamshire, England. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ...

Topography and geology

Chesham is located in the Chiltern Hills and from its lowest point of 295 feet above sea level rises up valley sides. It lies at the confluence of four dry valleys formed by the meltwater at the end of the last ice age which deposited onto the bed rock of chalk, alluvial gravels, silts, on which the town now sits. Subsequent periods of subsidence and submergence deposited clays and flints.^[12] The River Chess is a chalk-stream which rises from three springs; to the north-west along the Pednor Vale at Frogmoor, at Higham Mead to the north of the town, and to the west near the Amersham Road which converge in the town near to East Street. Prior to the 19th century the Chess was known as the Isene relating to the iron-charged spring waters feeding it. Today the streams are culverted and conducted below street level before emerging at Waterside and flowing in a south easterly direction towards Latimer. From there it flows to the north of Chenies and on towards Rickmansworth after which it joins the River Colne. The Chiltern Hills are a chalk escarpment in south east England. ... A glacier is a large, long-lasting river of ice that is formed on land and moves in response to gravity. ... Variations in CO2, temperature and dust from the Vostok ice core over the last 400 000 years For the animated movie, see Ice Age (movie). ... Alluvium is soil land deposited by a river or other running water. ... The River Chess is chalk-stream which springs from Chesham, Bucks and lies in the Chess Valley in Buckinghamshire and Hertfordshire, in south-eastern England. ... A culvert is a flowing body of water which passes underneath a road, railway, or embankment, or the part thereof that does so. ... Map sources for Chenies at grid reference TQ016984 Chenies is a village in the very eastern part of south Buckinghamshire, England, near the border with Hertfordshire. ... , Rickmansworth is a town in the Three Rivers district of Hertfordshire, England, 4Â¼ miles (7km) west of Watford. ... There are several rivers named Colne: River Colne, Essex - passing through Colchester River Colne, Hertfordshire - tributary of the River Thames, passing through London Colney and other parts of Hertfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Berkshire, Greater London and Surrey River Colne, West Yorkshire - passing through Huddersfield. ...

Built environment and social geography

Until the second half of the 19th century the town centre was located to the south-eastern end of the present High Street. The 'old town' particularly Church St and Germain St have been well-preserved and has become a conservation area which includes a number of impressive residential, institutional and commercial buildings that survive to the present such as the 12th century St Mary's Church, 'The Bury', a Queen Anne town house and the old workhouse. Leinster House, 18th century Dublin townhouse of the Duke of Leinster. ... Former workhouse at Nantwich, dating from 1780 A workhouse was a place where people who were unable to support themselves could go to live and work. ...

The population more than doubled from 4000 to 9000 during the 19th century. As a consequence the centre of the town shifted to the east as shops, workshops and cottages sprung up

along the High Street and Berkhampsted Road. In the period after the Second World War the town centre was progressively redeveloped. In the 1960s St Mary's Way was constructed, rerouting the A416 around the congested High Street which avoided the need to widen the street, conserved its character and allowed for its pedestrianisation during the 1990s. Industrial development became centred on two areas. At the southern end of the town at Waterside which was the site of the first mills and factories in the 18th and 19th centuries there is a mixture of original and newly constructed industrial units and at the northern end along the Asheridge Vale there is a further development of generally small commercial business units. Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... The numbering zones for A-roads in Great Britain List of A roads beginning with 4 in Great Britain starting north of the A4 and south/west of the A5. ... Waterside is the name of more than one place: In the United Kingdom: Waterside, Aberdeen Waterside, Ayr Waterside, Buckinghamshire Waterside, Dunbarton Waterside, Renfrew This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

Expansion in housing has occurred in several phases mainly to the east of the old town where artisan's housing sprung up along Berkhamsted Road and subsequently along the many steep valley sides. Initially this development was as a consequence of the extension of the railway to the town in the 1880s, subsequently the promotion of Metroland during the 1920s and the electrification of the Metropolitan Line in the 1960s. Pond Park estate was build in the 1930s. The population grew fast after the Second World War as workers followed employers who moved out from London. The population in 1951 was 11,500 leading to the building of the Chessmount and Hilltop estates by speculative developers in the 1950s and 60s. By 1971 the population had reached 20,000 since when it has only increased slightly. The growing popularity of the Chilterns as a place to live from the latter part of the 20th century onwards led to restrictions on housing and industrial development in the Chilterns Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and has sustained the demand for further house building in the town. Today an increasing number of those in employment find work outside the town, commuting by car or train as well as an increasing number who are home or office-based using technology to make a living. An artisan, also called a craftsman,[1] is a skilled manual worker who uses tools and machinery in a particular craft. ... Metropolitan steam locomotive Metro-land (or Metroland) refers, broadly speaking, to the suburban areas north-west of London, in the counties of Buckinghamshire, Hertfordshire and Middlesex, served by the Metropolitan Railway, an independent company until absorbed by the London Passenger Transport Board (LPTB) in 1933. ... London Transport Portal The Metropolitan Line is part of the London Underground, coloured maroon on the Tube map. ... An Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) is an area of countryside with significant landscape value in England, Wales or Northern Ireland, that has been specially designated by the Countryside Agency on behalf of the United Kingdom government; the Countryside Council for Wales on behalf of the Welsh Assembly Government...

Landmarks

Clock tower

A clock tower constructed in 1992 stands in Market Square on the site of Chesham’s 18th Century Town Hall demolished in 1965. The turret is a reconstruction of the one built onto the original town hall in the 19th century and features the original glass-dialled clock face and clock mechanism from the mid 19th century. (see info box).^[13] Clocktower at Geelong Grammar School, Victoria, Australia A clock tower is a tower built with one or more (often four) clock faces. ...

War memorial

Chesham war memorial stands in a landscaped garden in The Broadway. It depicts an infantryman with his rifle inverted and commemorates those who fell during the first and second World Wars. it was unveiled in 1921. The inscription reads:- To The Glorious Memory Of The Men Of The Town Who Gave Their Lives And To Honour: All Who Served Or Suffered In Cause Of God King And Country Their Deeds Live After Them Faithful Unto Death.^[14] This memorial in England lists the names of soldiers who died in the First World War. ...

Economy

Industrial revolution

Until the 1700s the economic activity of Chesham had remained largely unchanged since the granting of its town charter in 1257. The commercial planting of beechwoods established Chesham as one of a number local centres in the Chilterns for the production of turned furniture components and other wooden items often called bodging, in local workshops. Mills along the Chess concerned with papermaking and silk weaving continued to operate until the middle of the 19th century as did 'outworkers' engaged in lace making and straw plaiting whose employment was impacted on by changes in fashion mechanization and cheaper imports from the continent. The mineral-laden unpolluted water of the Chess made it ideal for growing watercress and this industry flourished in Chesham in the Victorian era and beds extended along the Chess towards Latimer, which continued in operation until after the Second World War. For other uses, see Beech (disambiguation). ... For the UK band, see Furniture (band). ... To bodge is to improvise in the repairing or construction of material objects, often employing workmanship or materials of a less than satisfactory standard. ... The Diamond Sutra of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, the oldest dated printed book in the world, found at Dunhuang, from 868 AD. Papermaking is the process of making paper, a material which is ubiquitous today for writing and packaging. ... For other uses of this word, see Silk (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Lace (disambiguation). ... STRAW and STRAW MANUFACTURES. Straw (from strew, as being used for strewing), is the general term applied to the stalky residue of grain-plants (especially wheat, rye, oats, barley). ... Mechanization is the use of machines to replace manual labour or animals and can also refer to the use of powered machinery to help a human operator in some task. ... Species Nasturtium nasturtium-aquaticum L. Nasturtium microphyllum Boenn ex Rchb. ... The Victorian era of the United Kingdom marked the height of the British Industrial Revolution and the apex of the British Empire. ... Latimer can mean any of the following: // People Individuals Latimer, Hugh (c. ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ...

The Three B's

The development of a cottage industry in leather items producing boots and shoes also started in the 18th century. In 1829 Beechwoods brushmaking factory was opened. Home-based leather trade workers moved to a newly opened Barnes Boot factory and the Britannia Boot and Shoe Works towards the end of the 19th century. Brewing was the other major industry in the town during the 19th century. Nash's Chesham Brewery opened in the High Street in 1841. Two other notable rivals were Darvell's Brewery and Sarah Howe and Sons. Competition led to amalgamations around the turn of the 20th century.^[15] The use of the term has expanded, and is used to refer to any event which allows a large number of people to lalalawork part time. ... For other uses, see Leather (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Brush (disambiguation). ...

Commerce today

Today Chesham has a diverse economic base comprising many typically small-medim sized enterprises representing all business sectors. Within the two industrial parks light engineering and fabrication industry is to be found alongside printers and graphic designers or other technology-based firms, wholesalers, distribution and courier businesses. As elsewhere there has been an expansion of professional business services and consultancies. The pedestrianised High Street retains some of the character of the old market town with some long-established traditional family retailers and also features a street market on Wednesdays and Saturdays and a monthly 'farmer's market'. This individuality was recognised in a survey of town 'high streets' which gave Chesham good marks for its distinctiveness^[16]. There are two of the 'big five' supermarkets present however the town's retail outlets have to compete against other town centres nearby at Amersham, Berkhamsted and Tring as well as the large shopping centres in Watford and Milton Keynes. A street market is an outdoor market such as traditionally held in a market square in a market town, and are often held only on particular days of the week. ... A farmers market near the Potala Palace in Lhasa, Tibet. ... , Berkhamsted is a historic town of some 19,000 people. ... Map sources for Tring at grid reference SP924117 Tring is a small market town in the Chiltern Hills in Hertfordshire, England with a population of 13,000. ... For other uses, see Watford (disambiguation). ...

Governance

Parliamentary representation

From 1950 to 1974 the town was part of South Buckinghamshire constituency; since boundary changes for the February 1974 general election it has been in the Chesham & Amersham constituency. Both constituencies have been solidly Conservative, and have never returned a non-Tory candidate. The current MP is Cheryl Gillan. The Conservative Party won the constituency in the 2005 general election with 54% of the vote; the next most popular party were the Liberal Democrats, represented by John Ford, with 25% of the vote and Labour, R.E.Huq 14%. Local turnout at the last election was 68%. South Buckinghamshire was a parliamentary constituency in the county of Buckinghamshire, England. ... The UK general election of February 1974 was held on February 28, 1974. ... Chesham and Amersham is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. ... The Conservative Party, officially though less commonly known as the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a political party in the United Kingdom. ... Cheryl Elise Kendall Gillan (born April 21, 1952, Llandaff, Cardiff, Wales, Mrs John Leeming) is a United Kingdom politician and has been Conservative Member of Parliament for Chesham and Amersham since 1992. ... The United Kingdom general election of 2005 was held on Thursday, 5 May 2005. ... The Liberal Democrats, often shortened to Lib Dems, is a liberal political party in the United Kingdom formed in 1988 by the merger of the Liberal Party and the Social Democratic Party; the two parties had already been in an alliance for seven years prior to this, since not long... The Labour Party is a political party in the United Kingdom. ...

Local Government

From 1884 Local Government was administered via Chesham Sanitary district, which was succeeded in 1894 by Chesham Urban District under the Local Government Act 1894. When the Local Government Act 1972 came into effect on April 1, 1974 the urban district was abolished in favour of the Chiltern district and Chesham then became a civil parish with a town council. At town council level, Chesham is divided into 9 electoral wards and 19 constituencies. The political composition of the council as at May 2008 was: Liberal Democrat 12; Conservative 5; and Independent 2. A town mayor is elected by the council on an annual basis. Local governments are administrative offices that are smaller than a state or province. ... Sanitary Districts were established in England and Wales in 1875 and in Ireland in 1878. ... The Local Government Act 1894 (57 & 58 Vict. ... The Local Government Act 1972 (1972 c. ... is the 91st day of the year (92nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. ... The Chiltern District is one of four local government district of Buckinghamshire in south central England. ... A civil parish (usually just parish) in England is a subnational entity forming the lowest unit of local government, lower than districts or counties. ... In the United Kingdom, town councils are civil parish councils, where the civil parish is a town. ...

Religion

The oldest church building in Chesham is St. Mary's church, which dates from the 12th century. Chesham has a long history of religious dissent, such as the persecuted Lollards, followers of the John Wycliffe tradition. One of them Thomas Harding was martyred on White Hill, near Dungrove Farm, in 1532. There is a memorial to local Lollards in Amersham, and memorials to Thomas Harding the churchyard and on White Hill. The 17th, 18th and 19th centuries saw the rapid growth of non-conformism especially Baptists. Broadway Baptist Church dates back to 1706 and had its 300th anniversary celebrations in Chesham in 2006. Its roots are in the Chesham and Berkhamsted Baptist Church which dates back to 1640. For the architectural structure, see Church (building). ... Gabriel delivering the Annunciation to Mary. ... (11th century - 12th century - 13th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 12th century was that century which lasted from 1101 to 1200. ... For the political magazine, see Dissent (magazine). ... John Wyclif gives his Bible translation to Lollards Lollardy or Lollardry was the political and religious movement of the Lollards from the late 14th century to early in the time of the English Reformation. ... Insert non-formatted text here Topics in Christianity Movements Â· Denominations Â· Other religions Ecumenism Â· Preaching Â· Prayer Music Â· Liturgy Â· Calendar Symbols Â· Art Â· Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul Â· Church Fathers Constantine Â· Athanasius Â· Augustine Anselm Â· Aquinas Â· Palamas Â· Luther Calvin Â· Wesley Arius Â· Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury Â· Catholic Pope Coptic Pope Â· Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity... We dont have an article called Thomas Harding Start this article Search for Thomas Harding in. ... Amersham (previously Agmondesham) is a market town 27 miles north west of London, in the Chiltern Hills, England. ... A nonconformist is an English or Welsh Protestant of any non-Anglican denomination, chiefly advocating religious liberty. ... Topics in Christianity Movements Â· Denominations Â· Other religions Ecumenism Â· Preaching Â· Prayer Music Â· Liturgy Â· Calendar Symbols Â· Art Â· Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul Â· Church Fathers Constantine Â· Athanasius Â· Augustine Anselm Â· Aquinas Â· Palamas Â· Luther Calvin Â· Wesley Arius Â· Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury Â· Catholic Pope Coptic Pope Â· Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box: Baptist is...

In the present day, Chesham has three Baptist churches (Broadway Baptist, Trinity Baptist and Newtown Baptist) and three Anglican churches (St Mary's, Christ Church in Waterside and Emmanuel in Newtown). There is a United Reformed Church (URC), a Brethren Gospel Hall, a Roman Catholic church, a Methodist chapel, a Salvation Army Citadel, a Free Church (at Hiving's Hill) an historic Quaker Friends Meeting House in Bellingdon Road, King's Church and Chesham Spiritualist Church in Higham Road. The Churches of Chesham work very well together in the Churches Together for Chesham (CTC) group. There are also churches in the outlying villages near Chesham town. The term Anglican describes those people and churches following the religious traditions of the Church of England, especially following the Reformation. ... A Gospel Hall is the name usually given to a special auditorium used for peaching of the good news. ... The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... The Methodist movement is a group of denominations of Protestant Christianity. ... A chapel is a private church, usually small and often attached to a larger institution such as a college, a hospital, a palace, or a prison. ... Shield of The Salvation Army The Salvation Army is a non-military evangelical Christian organisation. ... The Religious Society of Friends, commonly known as Quakers, or Friends, is a religious community founded in England in the 17th century. ... Sydney Friends meeting house A Friends meeting house is a place of worship for the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers). ... The Spiritualist Church arose from the Spiritualist movement which began in the 1840s in America. ...

The post-war era saw the establishment of Jewish and Muslim communities. The first purpose-built mosque in the town was completed in 2005. During the Second World War the Jewish community used to meet at the cricket pavilion but now meet at Chesham High School. There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: Ù…Ø³Ù„Ù…, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: Ù…Ø³Ù„Ù…Ø§Ù†, Turkish: MÃ¼slÃ¼man, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ... The Masjid al-Haram in Mecca as it exists today A mosque is a place of worship for followers of the Islamic faith. ...

Demography

Demographics based on 2001 census for the population of Chesham^[18]^[19] Buddhism, a Dharmic faith, is usually considered one of the worlds major religions, with between 230 to 500 million followers. ... Topics in Christianity Preaching Prayer Ecumenism Relation to other religions Movements Music Liturgy Calendar Symbols Art Criticism Christianity Portal This box: Christianity is a monotheistic[1] religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament. ... Hinduism is a religious tradition[1] that originated in the Indian subcontinent. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ... For information about the band, see Atheist (band). ... The following is a list of religions. ... Sikhism (IPA: or ; Punjabi: , , IPA: ), founded on the teachings of Guru Nanak Dev and nine successive gurus in fifteenth century Northern India, is the fifth-largest religion in the world. ... White British is an ethnic classification used in the United Kingdom Census 2001, 92. ... White Other is a term used in the UK census to describe white persons of non-British descent. ... The Leicester Caribbean Carnival The British African-Caribbean (Afro-Caribbean) community are residents of the United Kingdom who are of West Indian background, and whose ancestors were indigenous to Africa. ... This article is about the color black; for other uses, see Black (disambiguation). ... Demographics refers to selected population characteristics as used in government, marketing or opinion research, or the demographic profiles used in such research. ...

Transport

Roads

In contrast to other towns in south Buckinghamshire, Chesham historically was not well served by road transport links. the stage coach bypassed the town. unlike Amersham there were no turnpikes and consequently roads were poorly maintained. Significant change occurred in the post Second World War period with the opening of the M1 motorway. The A416 which run through the town from Amersham to Berkhamsted and connects the town to the more recently upgraded A41 has continued this trend following its diversion around the High Street and later dualing but although enabling more through traffic has also contributed to increasing traffic congestion. meanwhile Chesham's High Street was pedestrianised in 1990 - the benefits to the High Street have been felt ever since. Whilst some of the previous bustle has been lost, the impact of pedestrianisation has generally been positive. A stagecoach is a type of four-wheeled enclosed passenger and/or mail coach, strongly sprung and drawn by four horses, widely used before the introduction of railway transport. ... The M1 motorway heading south towards junction 37 at Barnsley, South Yorkshire. ... , Berkhamsted is a historic town of some 19,000 people. ... The A41 is a major trunk road in England, United Kingdom that links London and Birkenhead. ... Car-free zones (also known as auto-free zones and pedestrianised zones) are areas of a city or town in which automobile traffic is prohibited. ...

Rail

The town has a tube station near the town centre, which is the last station on the spur off the Metropolitan Line, of the London Underground. The original plan involved the extension of the line from the station to the LNWR at Berkhamsted, but the idea was abandoned as the Metropolitan Line reached Amersham and from thence Aylesbury. There were some sizeable goods yards beyond the station, which were closed and now function as Waitrose's car park except for one portion, which still functions as a coal merchants. In 1959 and electrification of the Metropolitan Line to Chesham at last provided reliable connection to London and the Midlands. Image File history File links Chesham Tube Station, January 2005 Image by Atelier Joly File links The following pages link to this file: Chesham tube station ... Image File history File links Chesham Tube Station, January 2005 Image by Atelier Joly File links The following pages link to this file: Chesham tube station ... Chesham lies at the end of the Chesham branch of the Metropolitan line, and opened 8 July 1889 as the original northern terminus of the Metropolitan Railway from Baker Street. ... The London Underground is a rapid transit system that serves a large part of Greater London and some neighbouring areas of Essex, Hertfordshire and Buckinghamshire. ... The London and North Western Railway (LNWR) was formed in 1846 by the merger of three railway companies - the Grand Junction Railway, London and Birmingham and Manchester and Birmingham. ... This page is about Aylesbury in Buckinghamshire, England. ... Waitrose is the supermarket division of the John Lewis Partnership, with 187 branches as of May 2008. ... London Transport Portal The Metropolitan Line is part of the London Underground, coloured maroon on the Tube map. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

The station originally had two platforms; a short bay platform and a longer main platform (the one currently in use now). This arrangement allowed for far more frequent running of trains. The bay platform has closed, becoming an award winning garden. To reach the station, most passengers need to change trains at Chalfont & Latimer and catch a shuttle train. At peak times, some trains run directly from London to Chesham and back again, made possible by switching work at Chalfont. Since the abolition of London Underground services to Aylesbury in 1961 Chesham has been the furthest Tube station from central London in terms both of distance and of travelling time (Ongar on the Central Line held this honour until its closure in 1994). The stretch between Chalfont & Latimer and Chesham is the longest stretch of Underground line not to contain a station. It is the least used station on the line with trains arriving every half-hour. The London Underground is a rapid transit system that serves a large part of Greater London and some neighbouring areas of Essex, Hertfordshire and Buckinghamshire. ... This page is about Aylesbury in Buckinghamshire, England. ... Year 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Ongar tube station is a closed London Underground station in the town of Chipping Ongar, Essex. ... London Transport Portal The Central Line is a line of the London Underground and coloured red on the tube map. ...

The nearest National Rail connections are Amersham station, although the LU line also connects directly to Chalfont & Latimer station, which is a National Rail station. There is also access to London via Berkhamsted railway station on the West Coast Main Line. National Rail uses the BR double-arrow logo A typical National Rail station sign showing the double-arrow logo National Rail is a brand name of the Association of Train Operating Companies (ATOC). ... Amersham station is a London Underground station in Travelcard Zone D on the Metropolitan line. ... Chalfont and Latimer station is a station in Travelcard Zone C on the Metropolitan line. ... Berkhamsted railway station is in the town of Berkhamsted, just beside Berkhamsted Castle. ... The WCML running alongside the M1 motorway at Watford Gap in Northamptonshire A Virgin Pendolino and freight train on the WCML The West Coast Main Line (WCML) is one of the most important intercity railway lines in the United Kingdom, part of the British railway system. ...

Bus and coach services

Arriva run several services running from and to the town and nearby villages and towns. Carousel Buses connect Chesham with towns slightly further afield including Beaconsfield, High Wycombe and Watford. National Express runs a regular service between Oxford and Stansted Airport via the town. An Arriva train in Denmark Arriva plc is a UK-based international public transport operator and vehicle rental company, headquartered in Sunderland. ... For other uses, see Beaconsfield (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Watford (disambiguation). ... National Express coach on route 561 National Express is the brand under which the majority of long distance bus and coach services in the United Kingdom are marketed, and also the company that manages this network and operates some of the services. ... This article is about the city of Oxford in England. ... Terminal building, designed by Sir Norman Foster Stansted Airport is a medium-sized passenger airport with a single runway, located in the English county of Essex about thirty miles north of London. ...

Air

The Bovingdon stack is directly above the town, and Luton airport is 15 miles away and Heathrow airport 22 miles from Chesham. The Bovingdon stack is a section of airspace to the north west of London where inbound planes to London Heathrow Airport, which is 20 miles (30 km) to the south, are held. ... London Luton Airport (IATA Airport Code LTN, ICAO Airport Code EGGW, previously called Luton International Airport) is an airport about 30 miles to the north-west of London in the town of Luton, Beds. ... London Heathrow Airport (IATA airport code: LHR, ICAO airport code: EGLL, and often simply Heathrow) is the United Kingdoms busiest and best-connected airport. ...

Education

Primary education

Between 1960s and the mid 1990s Primary education provision in Chesham as elsewhere in the county was organised into First (ages 4-8) and Middle (ages 8 - 12) with some Combined Schools taking pupils across the whole age range (4 -12). In 1996 the arrangements were modified and the age of transfer to Secondary education was changed to age 11. Today, the schools still retain some elements of the previous arrangement reflected also in their names. There are six Primary Schools within Chesham with catchment areas based on post codes: - Elmtree First School, Newtown Infant School, Brushwood Junior School, Thomas Harding Junior School, Little Spring Primary School, Waterside Combined School. Attendance by Chesham children at some of the village schools close to the town is also popular.^[20] A primary school in ÄŒeskÃ½ TÄ›Å¡Ãn, Poland Primary education is the first stage of compulsory education. ... First School is a term occasionally used in the United Kingdom for a primary school. ... Middle school (also known as intermediate school or junior high school) covers a period of education that straddles primary/elementary education and secondary education, serving as a bridge between the two. ... Combined School is a term used in the United Kingdom which has begun to lose its original meaning. ... Secondary education - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... A primary school in ÄŒeskÃ½ TÄ›Å¡Ãn, Czech Republic. ...

Secondary education

At secondary level Buckinghamshire continues to operate a system of selective education with pupils sitting the eleven plus exam to determine entry to either a Grammar School or Secondary Modern School (also known locally as an Upper School).^[21] Two Secondary Schools are located in the town: - Chesham Park Community College, a co-educational secondary modern school (formed from the merger of Lowndes School and Cestreham School) and Chesham High School, a co-educational grammar school. Chesham also falls within the catchment areas of two further grammar schools, Dr Challoner's Grammar School for boys' in Amersham and Dr Challoner's High School for girls in Little Chalfont. A selective school is a school which admits students on the basis of some sort of selection criteria, usually academic. ... The Eleven Plus or Transfer Test is an examination given to students in their last year of primary education in the United Kingdom. ... A grammar school is a school that may, depending on regional usage as exemplified below, provide either secondary education or, a much less common usage, primary education (also known as elementary). Grammar schools trace their origins back to medieval Europe, as schools in which university preparatory subjects, such as Latin... Secondary modern schools are a type of school in British educational systems, part of the Tripartite System. ... Secondary school is a term used to describe an institution where the final stage of compulsory schooling, known as secondary education, takes place. ... Chesham Park Community College is a co-educational secondary modern school in Chesham, Buckinghamshire. ... Chesham High School is a grammar school on White Hill, Chesham, Buckinghamshire. ... Dr Challoners Grammar School, abbreviated to DCGS, is a Voluntary Controlled Grammar School of approximately 1,285 boys located in Amersham, Buckinghamshire, England. ... Dr Challoners High School is a grammar school for girls between the ages of 11 and 18. ... Map sources for Little Chalfont at grid reference SU995975 Little Chalfont is a village in south east Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom. ...

Independent schools

In the Chiltern and South Bucks area around Chesham and over the county boarder in Hertfordshire there are also a number of independent fee-paying schools providing education between ages 4-13 and up to age 18. Chesham Preparatory School is an Independent school which opened in 1938 in the town and shortly after relocated to the outskirts of Chesham, at Orchard Leigh providing fee-paying and scholarship supported education.^[22] For the similarly named county in the West Midlands region, see Herefordshire. ... An independent school is a school which is not dependent upon national or local government for financing its operation and is instead operated by tuition charges, gifts, and perhaps the investment yield of an endowment. ... An independent school is a school which is not dependent upon national or local government for financing its operation and is instead operated by tuition charges, gifts, and perhaps the investment yield of an endowment. ...

Special, further and adult education provision

Chesham is the location of a nationally reknowned Special school, Heritage House School which first opened in April 1968 and caters for pupils between the ages of 2 to 19 with severe learning difficulties.^[23] A Further education college Amersham & Wycombe College was founded in 1973 and has one of its four campuses in the town on the former Cestreham Senior Boys School at Lycrome Road. The collage caters for a range of student cohorts with 2000 students on full-time courses and 5000 on a part-time bases.^[24] Adult learning comprising a range of provision including academic, vocational and leisure courses, is provided a four sites in the town. Chesham Adult Learning Centre in Charteridge Lane, ElmTree School, ElmTree Hill, The Douglas McMinn Centre in East Street and The White Hill Centre White Hill.^[25] The Chiltern branch of the University of the Third Age (U3A) thrives in the area and meets in nearby Amersham.^[26] A special school is a school catering to students who have special educational needs (SEN), for example, because of learning difficulties or physical disabilities. ... Further education (often abbreviated FE) is post-secondary, post-compulsory education (in addition to that received at secondary school). ... Amersham and Wycombe College is a British college with campuses in Amersham, Chesham and High Wycombe. ... Plato is credited with the inception of academia: the body of knowledge, its development and transmission across generations. ... Vocational education prepares learners for certain careers or professions, which are traditionally non-academic and directly related to a trade, occupation or vocation in which the learner participates. ... A relaxing afternoon of leisure: a young girl resting in a pool. ... The University of the Third Age is an international organisation whose aims are the education and stimulation of retired members of the community - those in the third age of life. ...

Culture and recreation

Community facilities

The Elgiva Hall opened on its original location in 1976. It was rebuilt on its current site in 1998 having made way for an enlarged supermarket development. The New Elgiva, as it is sometimes called, is a 300 seat theatre and community facility run independently by trustees and provides a wide-ranging programme of professional and amateur theatre productions, musicals, dance, one night shows and concerts, pantomimes, films, exhibitions and other public and private events by both professional and community organisations. The Little Theatre by the Park is a facility owned by the Town Council and leased to the Little Theatre Trustees. It is the home to the Chesham Bois Catholic Players and used by other local theatre companies and is used for dance and exercise groups.

Chesham Museum is a newly established small museum currently to be found behind the Gamekeeper's Lodge Pub in Bellingdon Road. it opened in 2003 having first been conceived back in 1981 but due to its growing popularity and success in acquiring artifacts it is currently seeking to relocate more centrally to the Town's High Street.^[27]. There is also an annual Schools of Chesham carnival, Beer festival and bi-annual Chesham festival

The first public library to open in Chesham was in 1923 in a room at Cemetery Lodge on Berkhamsted Road. In 1927, it moved into new premises at 33 High Street on the Broadway which it shared with Chesham Urban District Council. After the war it expanded. A children's section was added in 1952. in 1971 the library moved to Elgiva Lane, a site it shared with the Elgive Theatre prior to the latter's relocation to new premises. Since then it has been updated to provide better access and improved internal facilities including the evolution of the reference library into a Study Centre. It also houses a special collection of Victorian era children's books including some previously owned by Florence Nightingale.^[28] Librarians and patrons in a typical larger urban public library. ... The Victorian era of the United Kingdom marked the height of the British Industrial Revolution and the apex of the British Empire. ... Embley Park, now a school, was the family home of Florence Nightingale. ...

Opposite the town centre is Lowndes Park, a large park with playgrounds and formerly an open air paddling pool. There is a large pond in the park, known as Skottowe's Pond. Lowndes Park was donated to the town of Chesham in 1953. Prior to this it was part of the garden that belonged to the Lowndes family. The Moor, originally an island created by the diversion of the Chess to power mills is today an open space used for recreation and the location for traveling fairs which moved from their traditional location in the town centre in 1938. There are two public swimming pools in the town: a heated open air pool in Waterside (Chesham Moor - Gym & Swim: Outdoor swimming pool and fitness centre), and a roofed pool (and leisure centre) next to Chesham High School at the top of White Hill. For the 2003 film, see Swimming Pool (film). ... A Leisure Centre in the UK is a site, usually owned and operated by the county council, where people go to keep fit or relax. ...

Sport

Chesham United F.C. is the local football club which plays in the Southern League. It was formed in 1917 through the merger of Chesham Generals (a Baptist Church team) and Chesham Town FC, a founding member of the Southern League which started out in 1894 as Chesham FC. The club's most successful period was during the 1967-68 season when it reached the final of the FA Amateur Cup at Wembley but lost out to Leytonstone F.C. 1-0 in front of a crowd of 54,000. The club has struggled financially and performance-wise over recent years but has recently had a cash injection from a new financial backer.^[29] Chesham Cricket Club was founded in 1848 and is one of the oldest clubs in the Thames Valley Cricket League. Its home ground is The Meadow in Amy Lane. In addition to four senior Xi's and a team of rising stars, it also runs a women's and junior sides.^[30] Chesham Rugby union Club (The Stags), founded in 1980, play their rugby at Chesham Park Community College. The club fields three men's teams, a women's team and a number of mini and junior sides. Chesham United is a football club currently playing in the Southern League. ... For other uses, see Southern Football League (disambiguation). ... The FA Amateur Cup was an English football competition. ... For the new stadium, see Wembley Stadium. ... Leytonstone F.C. was a London football club, founded in 1886. ... This article is about the sport. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... For other uses, see Rugby (disambiguation). ...

Town twinning and cultural exchanges

Chesham has twinned with three towns in other countries. It is organised by the Chesham Town Twinning Association. The first link-up was in 1980 with Friedrichsdorf, at the foot of the Taunus Hills near Frankfurt, Germany. Next followed the association with Houilles (a commune of Paris), France in 1986 and thirdly, in 1995 a tie-up with Archena, in the Murcia region of Spain.^[31] Emmanuel Church is linked with a church in Prague, Czech Republic and the British Legion is linked with its Canadian equivalent in Buckingham, Quebec. Sign denoting twin towns of Neckarsulm, Germany Town twinning is a concept whereby towns or cities in geographically and politically distinct areas are paired with the goal of fostering human contact and cultural links. ... Friedrichsdorf is a town in Germany, about 20 km north of Frankfurt. ... View (from top of Frankfurt) of Altkoenig and Grosser Feldberg For the automobile, see Ford Taunus. ... For other uses, see Frankfurt (disambiguation). ... Houilles is a commune in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, France. ... Map of the 36,568 communes of metropolitan France. ... This article is about the capital of France. ... Capital Murcia Area â€“ Total â€“ % of Spain Ranked 9th 11 313 kmÂ² 2,2% Population â€“ Total (2003) â€“ % of Spain â€“ Density Ranked 10th 1 226 993 2,9% 108,46/kmÂ² Demonym â€“ English â€“ Spanish Murcian murciano/a Statute of Autonomy June 9, 1982 ISO 3166-2 MU Parliamentary representation â€“ Congress seats â€“ Senate...

Media and communications

Local newspapers

The local Chesham newspaper is the Buckinghamshire Examiner which has an office in Germain Street. Another popular paper that covers Chesham is the Bucks Free Press.^[32]

TV and mobile phone signals

Due to its position in a fold in the hill, TV and radio reception in Chesham can be poor and the town now has its own TV mast. In the 1970s, Chesham was one of the last towns in the south east to receive BBC2, and parts of it still cannot receive Channel 5. Houses taking their TV reception from the Chesham transmitter^[33] have vertically polarised aerials, whilst those in a good enough position receive their signal from the Crystal Palace Transmitter in London with horizontally polarised aerials - they always could receive BBC2 (and indeed Channel 4 & Channel 5). Digital terrestrial television coverage is patchy for much the same reason. Mobile phone reception can be poor in the steeper parts of Chesham and outlying villages. See TV (disambiguation) for other uses and Television (band) for the rock band European networks National In much of Europe television broadcasting has historically been state dominated, rather than commercially organised, although commercial stations have grown in number recently. ... For the BBC radio station, see BBC Radio 2. ... Five, launched in 1997, is the fifth and final national terrestrial analogue television channel to launch in the United Kingdom. ... The Crystal Palace Transmitter is a telecommunications tower in the Crystal Palace area in the London Borough of Bromley, England (grid reference TQ339712). ... Digital Terrestrial Television (DTTV or DTT) is an implementation of digital technology to provide a greater number of channels and/or better quality of picture and sound using aerial broadcasts to a conventional antenna (or aerial) instead of a satellite dish or cable connection. ...

Notable people

A statue of Bevan in Cardiff. ... The Labour Party is a political party in the United Kingdom. ... NHS redirects here. ... The Reverend Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (IPA: ) (27 January 1832 â€“ 14 January 1898), better known by the pen name Lewis Carroll (), was an English author, mathematician, logician, Anglican clergyman and photographer. ... For the Batman supervillain, see Mad Hatter (comics). ... Alice in Wonderland is the widely known and used title for Alices Adventures in Wonderland, a book written by Lewis Carroll -- as well as several movie adaptations of the book -- and is also the setting for several short stories. ... Roger Crab (1621 - September 11, 1680) was a political writer and ethical vegetarian. He served in Oliver Cromwells army for seven years. ... Stephen John Fry (born 24 August 1957) is an English comedian, writer, actor, humourist, novelist, columnist, filmmaker and television personality. ... We dont have an article called Thomas Harding Start this article Search for Thomas Harding in. ... Lollardy or Lollardry was the political and religious movement of the Lollards in late 14th century and early 15th century England. ... Events May 16 - Sir Thomas More resigns as Lord Chancellor of England. ... For other uses, see Heresy (disambiguation). ... A parish church is the church which acts as the religious centre of a parish, the basic administrative unit of episcopal churches. ... Burning of two sodomites at the stake (execution of individuals by fire. ... David Herbert Richards Lawrence (11 September 1885 â€“ 2 March 1930) was an English writer of the 20th century, whose prolific and diverse output included novels, short stories, poems, plays, essays, travel books, paintings, translations, literary criticism, and personal letters. ... Sir Arthur Lasenby Liberty (August 13, 1843â€“May 11, 1917) was a London merchant. ... Liberty is a well known department store in Regent Street in central London, England at the heart of the West End shopping district. ... In the United Kingdom, there are at least five Secretaries to the Treasury, officials officially acting as secretaries to the Treasury board. ... Admiral of the Fleet Louis Francis Albert Victor Nicholas George Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, KG, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCIE, GCVO, DSO, PC (25 June 1900â€“27 August 1979) was a British admiral and statesman and an uncle of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. ... Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ... For other uses, see Missionary (disambiguation). ... Dr Ghayasuddin Siddiqui is an academic and political activist. ... For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ... Francis Wilson CMet is an English weather forecaster, currently Head of Weather and presenter on Sky News After graduating with a Bachelor of Science degree in Physics from Imperial College London, Wilson worked as a Meteorological Office forecaster from 1972. ...

Interesting facts

The following TV series and episodes were filmed in Chesham's Old Town and pedestrianised High Street:

Morse (left) as played by John Thaw in the television adaption (with Kevin Whately as Lewis (right)). Detective Chief Inspector Morse is a fictional character, who features in a series of thirteen detective novels by British author Colin Dexter, though he is better known for the 33 episode TV series... Midsomer Murders is a British television drama that has aired on ITV1 since 1997. ... Midsomer Murders is a British television drama that has aired on ITV1 since 1997. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times. ... For other uses, see Ghost (disambiguation). ...

Contents

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