NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Chester Alan Arthur

Chester Alan Arthur (October 5, 1829–November 18, 1886) was an American politician who served as the twenty-first President of the United States. Arthur was a member of the Republican Party and worked as a lawyer before becoming the 20th vice president under James Garfield. Garfield was mortally wounded by Charles Guiteau on July 2, 1881, and died on September 19, and Arthur became president, serving until March 3, 1885. This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired in the United States and those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years. ... September 19 is the 262nd day of the year (263rd in leap years). ... 1881 (MDCCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... March 3 is the 62nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (63rd in leap years). ... 1885 (MDCCCLXXXV) is a common year starting on Thursday. ... James Abram Garfield (November 19, 1831 â€“ September 19, 1881) was the 20th President of the United States (1881), and the second U.S. President to be assassinated. ... Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837 â€“ June 24, 1908) was the 22nd (1885â€“1889) and 24th (1893â€“1897) President of the United States, and the only President to serve two non-consecutive terms. ... October 5 is the 278th day of the year (279th in Leap years). ... 1829 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Fairfield, Vermont Fairfield is a town located in Franklin County, Vermont. ... November 18 is the 322nd day of the year (323rd in leap years), with 43 remaining. ... 1886 (MDCCCLXXXVI) is a common year starting on Friday (click on link to calendar) // Events January 18 - Modern field hockey is born with the formation of The Hockey Association in England. ... New York, New York redirects here. ... The Republican Party is one of the two major political parties in the United States, the other being the Democratic Party. ... Ellen Lewis Arthur (nee Herndon) (1837 - 1880) was the wife of the 21st U.S. President Chester A. Arthur. ... October 5 is the 278th day of the year (279th in Leap years). ... 1829 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... November 18 is the 322nd day of the year (323rd in leap years), with 43 remaining. ... 1886 (MDCCCLXXXVI) is a common year starting on Friday (click on link to calendar) // Events January 18 - Modern field hockey is born with the formation of The Hockey Association in England. ... The federal government of the United States was established by the United States Constitution. ... The President of the United States of America (unofficially abbreviated POTUS) is the head of state of the United States and the chief executive of the federal government. ... The Republican Party is one of the two major political parties in the United States, the other being the Democratic Party. ... The law of the United States is derived from the common law of the United Kingdom, which was in force at the time of the Revolutionary War. ... The Vice President of the United States is the second-highest executive official of the United States government, the person who, in the words of Adlai Stevenson, is a heartbeat from the presidency. ... James Abram Garfield (November 19, 1831 - September 19, 1881) was the 20th (1881) President of the United States, the first left-handed President, and the second U.S. President to be assassinated. ... Charles Julius Guiteau (September 8, 1841 _ June 30, 1882) was an American lawyer with a history of mental illness who assassinated President James Garfield on July 2, 1881 (although he did not die until 19 September). ...

Before entering national politics, Arthur had been Collector of Customs for the Port of New York. He was appointed by Ulysses S. Grant but was fired by Rutherford B. Hayes, under false suspicion of bribery and corruption. A member of the Tammany Hall political machine, his notable achievements in office as President included civil service reform and the passage of the Pendleton Act. Arthur suffered from Bright's disease and died of a cerebral hemorrhage, most likely related to a history of hypertension, about a day after being found unconscious by his nurse. The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey is a bi-state agency (operated pursuant to an interstate compact) that runs most of the regional transportation infrastructure including the bridges, tunnels, airports and seaports within the New York-New Jersey Port District. ... Ulysses S. Grant (April 27, 1822 â€“ July 23, 1885) was the 18th President of the United States (1869â€“1877). ... Rutherford Birchard Hayes (October 4, 1822 â€“ January 17, 1893) was the 19th President of the United States (1877 â€“ 1881). ... Bribery is a crime defined by Blacks Law Dictionary as the offering, giving, receiving, or soliciting of any item of value to influence the actions as an official or other person in discharge of a public or legal duty. ... Tammany Hall was the name given to the Democratic Party political machine that dominated New York City politics from the mayoral victory of Fernando Wood in 1854 through the election of Fiorello LaGuardia in 1934. ... A political machine is an unofficial system of political organization based on patronage, the spoils system, and behind-the-scenes control within the structure of a representative democracy. ... A civil servant or public servant is a civilian career public sector employee working for a government department or agency. ... The United States Pendleton Act established the United States Civil Service Commission, now called the Office of Personnel Management, which placed most federal employees on the merit system and marked the end of the spoils system. ... Brights Disease is a historical classification of kidney diseases that would be described in modern medicine as acute or chronic nephritis. ... A cerebral hemorrhage is bleeding directly into the brain parenchyma (tissue) itself, otherwise known as hemorrhagic stroke. ... For other forms of hypertension see hypertension (disambiguation) Hypertension or high blood pressure is a medical condition where the blood pressure is chronically elevated. ...

Early life and education

Arthur was born in the town of Fairfield in Franklin County, Vermont, on October 5, 1829, although he sometimes claimed to be born in 1830. His parents were William Arthur and Malvina Stone. Political rivals long circulated the rumor that he had been born across the International Boundary in Canada in hopes of creating doubts as to his eligibility for the presidency (under Article II of the U.S. Constitution the president must be a natural-born citizen). The rumors were completely untrue. Fairfield, Vermont Fairfield is a town located in Franklin County, Vermont. ... Franklin County is a county located in the state of Vermont. ... Official language(s) None Capital Montpelier Largest city Burlington Area - Total - Width - Length - % water - Latitude - Longitude Ranked 43th 24,923 kmÂ² 130 km 260 km 3. ... Canada and the United States of America share the longest common border among any two countries that is not militarized or actively patrolled. ... Wikisource has original text related to this article: Article Two of the United States Constitution Article Two of the United States Constitution creates the executive branch of the government, comprising the President and other executive officers. ... The Constitution of the United States is the supreme law of the United States of America. ...

Arthur attended the public schools and later was admitted to Union College in Schenectady, New York. There he became a member of Psi Upsilon, North America's fifth oldest college fraternity, and graduated in 1848. This article is about the college in New York; there are also Union Colleges in Barbourville, Kentucky and Lincoln, Nebraska and a Union University in Jackson, Tennessee. ... Union Colleges Nott Memorial, one of the most recognized buildings in Schenectady Schenectady (IPA ) is a city located in Schenectady County, New York, United States, of which it is the county seat. ... Official language(s) English Capital Albany Largest city New York City Area - Total - Width - Length - % water - Latitude - Longitude Ranked 27th 141,205 kmÂ² 455 km 530 km 13. ... Psi Upsilon (Î¨Î¥, Psi U) is the fifth oldest college fraternity, founded at Union College in 1833. ... While the terms fraternity and sorority may be used to describe any number of social and charitable organizations, including the Lions Club, Epsilon Sigma Alpha, International, and the Shriners, in the United States and Canada fraternities and sororities are most commonly known as social organizations of higher education students - organizations...

Pre-political career

Arthur became principal of North Pownal Academy in North Pownal, Vermont in 1851; later he studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1854. Arthur commenced practice in New York City, where he supported equal rights for blacks who objected to the racial segregation of city transportation. He also took an active part in the reorganization of the state militia. A bar association is a body of lawyers who, in some jurisdictions, are responsible for the regulation of the legal profession. ... New York City portal The Empire State Building (right) and the Chrysler Building (left) are easily recognized symbols of New York City to the world. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... It has been suggested that Apartheid outside South Africa be merged into this article or section. ... A cycle rickshaw at rest in Manhattan. ... A militia is a group of citizens organized to provide paramilitary service. ...

Arthur married Ellen "Nell" Lewis Herndon on October 25, 1859. In 1860, the couple had a son, William Lewis Herndon Arthur, who was named after Ellen's father. William died at age two of a brain disease. Another boy, Chester Alan Arthur II, was born in 1864, and a girl, named Ellen Herndon for her mother, in 1871. Ellen died of pneumonia on January 12, 1880, at the age of 42, only ten months before Arthur was elected vice president. While in the White House, Arthur would not give anyone the place that would have been his wife's. He asked his sister Mary, the wife of John E. McElroy, to assume certain social duties and help care for his daughter. Pneumonia is an illness of the lungs and respiratory system in which the microscopic, air-filled sacs (alveoli) responsible for absorbing oxygen from the atmosphere become inflamed and flooded with fluid. ...

During the American Civil War, Arthur served as acting quartermaster general of the state in 1861 and was widely praised for his service. He was later commissioned as inspector general, and appointed quartermaster general with the rank of brigadier general, and served until 1862. Afer the war he resumed the practice of law in New York City. With the help of Arthur's patron and political boss Roscoe Conkling, Arthur was appointed by President Ulysses S. Grant as Collector of the Port of New York from 1871 to 1878. The American Civil War (1861â€“1865) was fought in North America between the United States of America, called the Union and the Confederate States of America, a new nation formed by 11 seceding states. ... Quartermaster is a term usually referring to a military unit which specializes in supplying and provisioning troops, or to an individual who does the same. ... Inspector General is a fact finding officer whose responsibility is to investigate charges of corruption, fraud, waste and abuse and other complaints regarding government officials. ... A Brigadier General, or one-star general, is the lowest rank of general officer in the United States and some other countries, ranking just above Colonel and just below Major General. ... 1862 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1869 tobacco label featuring Boss Tweed A boss, in political science, is a person who wields de facto power over a particular political region or constituency. ... Roscoe Conkling (October 30, 1829–April 18, 1888) was a United States politician from New York. ...

This was an extremely lucrative and powerful position at the time, and several of Arthur's predecessors had run afoul of the law while serving as collector. Honorable in his personal life and his public career, Arthur nevertheless was a firm believer in the spoils system even as it was coming under vehement attack from reformers. He insisted upon honest administration of the Customs House, but staffed it with more employees than it really needed, retaining some for their loyalty as party workers rather than for their skill as public servants. In politics, a spoils system refers to an informal or formal practice by which the party in power, perhaps after winning an election, monopolizes prerequisites and government jobs with direct politically-motivated appointments. ... The south facade of the Custom House by night The Custom House is a palladian 18th century building in Dublin, Ireland which houses the Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government. ...

Presidency

In 1878, Grant's successor, Rutherford B. Hayes attempted to reform the Customs House. He ousted Arthur, who resumed the practice of law in New York City. Conkling and his followers tried to win redress by fighting for the renomination of Grant at the 1880 Republican National Convention. Failing in that, they reluctantly accepted the nomination of Arthur as vice president. Chester A. Arthur - Project Gutenberg eText 13632 - http://www. ... Chester A. Arthur - Project Gutenberg eText 13632 - http://www. ...

Arthur was elected vice president on the Republican ticket with James Garfield in the 1880 presidential election. His term began on March 4, 1881. Upon Garfield's death following a fatal assassination attempt, Arthur became president of the United States on September 19, 1881, and was sworn in the following day. The Republican Party is one of the two major political parties in the United States, the other being the Democratic Party. ... James Abram Garfield (November 19, 1831 - September 19, 1881) was the 20th (1881) President of the United States, the first left-handed President, and the second U.S. President to be assassinated. ... Summary Keeping a promise made during the 1876 campaign, incumbent President Rutherford Hayes did not seek re-election. ... It has been suggested that Targeted killing be merged into this article or section. ...

Avoiding old political cronies, Arthur determined to go his own way once in the White House. He became a man of fashion in his garb and associates, and often was seen with the elite of Washington, D.C., New York, and Newport. To the indignation of the Stalwart Republicans, the onetime Collector of the Port of New York became, as President, a champion of civil service reform. Public pressure, heightened by the assassination of Garfield, forced an unwieldy Congress to heed the President. The southern side of the White House The White House is the official residence and principal workplace of the President of the United States of America. ... Nickname: the District Motto: Justitia Omnibus (Justice for All) Official website: http://www. ... In the United States during the Gilded Age, patronage - the appointing of government jobs to supporters - became a central issue, due to bipartisan agreement on national issues and political decadence. ...

In 1883 Congress passed the Pendleton Act, which established a bipartisan Civil Service Commission, forbade levying political assessments against officeholders, and provided for a "classified system" that made certain Government positions obtainable only through competitive written examinations. The system protected employees against removal for political reasons. 1883 (MDCCCLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... The United States Pendleton Act established the United States Civil Service Commission now called the Office of Personnel Management and placed most federal employees on the merit system and marked the end of the spoils system. ...

Acting independently of party dogma, Arthur also tried to lower tariff rates so the Government would not be embarrassed by annual surpluses of revenue. Congress raised about as many rates as it trimmed, but Arthur signed the Tariff Act of 1883 anyway. Aggrieved Westerners and Southerners looked to the Democratic Party for redress, and the tariff began to emerge as a major political issue between the two parties. A tariff is a tax on imported goods. ... It has been suggested that Democratic presidents be merged into this article or section. ...

The Arthur Administration enacted the first general Federal immigration law. Arthur approved a measure in 1882 excluding paupers, criminals, and the mentally ill. Congress also suspended Chinese immigration for ten years, later making the restriction permanent. Nationality law is the branch of a countrys legal system wherein legislation, custom and court precendent combine to define the ways in which that countrys nationality and citizenship are transmitted, acquired or lost. ... 1882 (MDCCCLXXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... pauÂ·per ( P ) Pronunciation Key (pÃ´pr) n. ...

In 1884 the International Meridian Conference was held in Washington at President Arthur's behest. This established the Greenwich Meridian which is still in use today. 1884 is a leap year starting on Tuesday (click on link to calendar). ... The Prime Meridian, Greenwich The Prime Meridian is the meridian (line of longitude) passing through the Royal Greenwich Observatory, Greenwich, England; it is the meridian at which longitude is 0 degrees. ... Location of the Prime Meridian Prime Meridian in Greenwich The Prime Meridian is the meridian (line of longitude) passing through the Royal Greenwich Observatory, Greenwich, England; it is the meridian at which longitude is 0 degrees. ...

President Arthur demonstrated that he was above factions within the Republican Party, if indeed not above the party itself. Perhaps in part his reason was the well-kept secret he had known since a year after he succeeded to the Presidency, that he was suffering from Bright's Disease, a fatal kidney disease (see Acting President of the United States#Presidential disability prior to 1967). The Republican Party is one of the two major political parties in the United States, the other being the Democratic Party. ... Brights Disease is a historical classification of kidney diseases that would be described in modern medicine as acute or chronic nephritis. ... Acting President of the United States is a temporary office in the government of the United States, established under the auspices of the Constitution of the United States, particularly its 25th Amendment (ratified in 1967). ...

Arthur kept himself in the running for the Presidential nomination in 1884 in order not to appear that he feared defeat, but was not renominated. 1884 is a leap year starting on Tuesday (click on link to calendar). ...

Publisher Alexander K. McClure wrote, "No man ever entered the Presidency so profoundly and widely distrusted, and no one ever retired...more generally respected." Author Mark Twain, deeply cynical of politicians, conceded, "It would be hard indeed to better President Arthur's administration." Mark Twain Samuel Langhorne Clemens (November 30, 1835 â€“ April 21, 1910), better known by his pen name Mark Twain, was a famous and popular American humorist, novelist, writer and lecturer. ...

Social and personal life

Arthur is remembered as one of the most society-conscious presidents, earning the nickname "the Gentleman Boss" for his style of dress and courtly manner.

Upon taking office, Arthur did not move into the White House immediately. He insisted upon its redecoration and had 24 wagonloads of furniture, some including pieces dating back to John Adams's term, carted away and sold at public auction, and Arthur commissioned Louis Comfort Tiffany to replace them with new pieces. A famous designer now best-known for his stained glass, Tiffany was among the foremost designers of the day and among his clients included Mark Twain.^[1] The southern side of the White House The White House is the official residence and principal workplace of the President of the United States of America. ... John Adams (October 30, 1735 â€“ July 4, 1826) was the first (1789â€“1797) Vice President of the United States, and the second (1797â€“1801) President of the United States. ... Louis Comfort Tiffany (1848-1933) circa 1908 Louis Comfort Tiffanys The tree of life stained glass Louis Comfort Tiffany (February 18, 1848 - January 17, 1933) was an American artist and designer who is best known for his work in stained glass and is the American artist most associated with... Strictly speaking, stained glass is glass that has been painted with silver stain and then fired. ... Mark Twain Samuel Langhorne Clemens (November 30, 1835 â€“ April 21, 1910), better known by his pen name Mark Twain, was a famous and popular American humorist, novelist, writer and lecturer. ...

Arthur was a fisherman who belonged to the Restigouche Salmon Club and once reportedly caught an 80-pound bass off the coast of Rhode Island. A Long Island fisherman cleans his nets A fisherman in central Chile A fisherman is a person who engages in the activity of fishing. ... Bass may refer to: Look up bass in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Official language(s) None Capital Providence Largest city Providence Area - Total - Width - Length - % water - Latitude - Longitude Ranked 50th 4,005 kmÂ² 50 km 65 km 32. ...

Widely popular by the time he left office, four young women (ignorant of Arthur's pronouncement that he would never marry again) proposed to him on the day he left office. He was sometimes called "Elegant Arthur" for his commitment to fashionable attire and was said to have "looked like a president." He reportedly kept 80 pairs of pants in his wardrobe, and changed pants several times a day. He was called "Chet" by family and friends and his middle name with the stress on the second syllable ("Al-AN").

Cabinet

The President of the United States of America (unofficially abbreviated POTUS) is the head of state of the United States and the chief executive of the federal government. ... Chester Alan Arthur (October 5, 1829 â€“ November 18, 1886) was an American politician who served as 21st President of the United States. ... The Vice President of the United States is the second-highest executive official of the United States government, the person who, in the words of Adlai Stevenson, is a heartbeat from the presidency. ... The Seal of the United States Department of State The United States Secretary of State is the head of the United States Department of State, concerned with foreign affairs. ... Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen (August 4, 1817–May 20, 1885) was a member of the United States Senate from New Jersey and a United States Secretary of State. ... John W. Snow, the current Secretary of the Treasury. ... Charles James Folger (April 16, 1818–September 4, American politician, jurist and U.S. Secretary of the Treasury. ... Walter Quintin Gresham (March 17, 1832–May 28, 1895) was an American statesman and jurist. ... Hugh McCulloch (December 7, 1808 - May 24, 1895) was an American statesman who served two non-consecutive terms as U.S. Treasury Secretary. ... The Secretary of War was a member of the Presidents Cabinet, beginning with George Washingtons administration. ... Robert Todd Lincoln Robert Todd Lincoln (August 1, 1843 - July 26, 1926) was the first son of Abraham Lincoln and Mary Ann Todd. ... The United States Attorney General is the head of the United States Department of Justice concerned with legal affairs and is the chief law enforcement officer of the United States government. ... Benjamin Harris Brewster (October 13, 1816–April 4, 1888) was an American attorney and Cabinet secretary. ... The Postmaster General is the executive head of the United States Postal Service. ... Born in New York City in October of 1827, Timothy O. Howe was a prominent homosexual in his community. ... Walter Quintin Gresham (March 17, 1832–May 28, 1895) was an American statesman and jurist. ... Frank Hatton (April 28, 1846â€“April 30, 1894) was an American politician who served as United States Postmaster General in the Chester Arthur administration. ... Flag of the United States Secretary of the Navy. ... William Henry Hunt (12 June 1823 – February 1884) was the United States Secretary of the Navy under President James Garfield. ... William Eaton Chandler (28 December 1835–30 November 1917) was a lawyer who served as United States Secretary of the Navy and as a Senator from New Hampshire. ... The United States Secretary of the Interior is the head of the United States Department of the Interior, concerned with such matters as national parks and The Secretary is a member of the Presidents Cabinet. ... Samuel Jordan Kirkwood (December 20, 1813 - September 1, 1894), twice represented Iowa as a United States Senator; first, from 1866 to 1867 and again from 1877 to 1881. ... Henry Moore Teller (1830–1914) was a U.S. political figure. ...

Supreme Court Appointments

Confirmed Supreme Court Appointment, but declined to take office

Significant events during presidency

Standard Oil Refinery No. ... 1882 (MDCCCLXXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... The irish Exclusion Act, signed into law May 6, 1882, followed revisions made in 1880 to the Burlingame Treaty of 1868. ... The United States Pendleton Act established the United States Civil Service Commission, now called the Office of Personnel Management, which placed most federal employees on the merit system and marked the end of the spoils system. ... 1883 (MDCCCLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... The Civil Rights Cases, 109 U.S. 3 (1883) was an important United States Supreme Court decision that held that Congress lacked the constitutional authority under the enforcement provisions of the Fourteenth Amendment to outlaw racial discrimination by private individuals and organizations, rather than state and local governments. ...

Post presidency

Arthur served as president through March 3, 1885. Upon leaving office, he returned to New York City where he died of a massive cerebral hemorrhage at 5:10 a.m. on Thursday November 18, 1886, at the age of 57. His time as a former president was the second shortest, longer only than that of James Polk. March 3 is the 62nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (63rd in leap years). ... 1885 (MDCCCLXXXV) is a common year starting on Thursday. ... A cerebral hemorrhage is bleeding directly into the brain parenchyma (tissue) itself, otherwise known as hemorrhagic stroke. ... November 18 is the 322nd day of the year (323rd in leap years), with 43 remaining. ... 1886 (MDCCCLXXXVI) is a common year starting on Friday (click on link to calendar) // Events January 18 - Modern field hockey is born with the formation of The Hockey Association in England. ... * alive as of December 27, 2005 ** Cleveland was a former president for 4 years after his first term plus another 11 years after his second term. ... James Knox Polk (November 2, 1795–June 15, 1849) was an American politician and the eleventh U.S. President, serving from March 4, 1845 to March 4, 1849. ...

Chester was buried next to Ellen in the Arthur family plot in the Albany Rural Cemetery in Albany, New York, in a large sarcophagus on a large corner plot that contains the graves of many of his family members and ancestors. The Albany Rural Cemetery was established October 7, 1844 in Menands, New York, just outside of the city of Albany, New York. ... Motto: Nickname: Map Location in Albany County, New York Political Statistics Founded 1614 Sister Cities {{{sister cities}}} Incorporated 1686 County Albany County Borough {{{borough}}} Parrish {{{parrish}}} Mayor Gerald D. Jennings Geographic Statistics Area - Total - Water 56. ...

Notes

External links

Categories: 1830 births | 1886 deaths | American Civil War Generals | Deaths by apoplexy | Episcopalians | People from Vermont | Presidents of the United States | Scottish-Americans | U.S. Republican Party vice presidential nominees | Union College, New York alumni | Vice Presidents of the U.S. Image File history File links i would like to see some quotations by or about goebbels. ... Wikiquote logo Wikiquote is a sister project of Wikipedia, using the same MediaWiki software. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikisource â€“ The Free Library â€“ is a Wikimedia project to build a free, wiki library of primary source texts, along with translations of source-texts into any language and other supporting materials. ... Project Gutenberg (often abbreviated as PG) is a volunteer effort to digitize, archive, and distribute cultural works. ... William Almon Wheeler (June 30, 1819â€“June 4, 1887) was a Representative from New York and the nineteenth Vice President of the United States. ... [1] Died in office. ... Summary Keeping a promise made during the 1876 campaign, incumbent President Rutherford Hayes did not seek re-election. ... John Alexander Logan (February 8, 1826 â€“ December 26, 1886), American soldier and political leader, was born in what is now Murphysboro, Jackson County, Illinois. ... William Almon Wheeler (June 30, 1819â€“June 4, 1887) was a Representative from New York and the nineteenth Vice President of the United States. ... The Vice President of the United States is the second-highest executive official of the United States government, the person who, in the words of Adlai Stevenson, is a heartbeat from the presidency. ... March 4 is the 63rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (64th in leap years). ... 1881 (MDCCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... September 19 is the 262nd day of the year (263rd in leap years). ... 1881 (MDCCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Thomas Andrews Hendricks (September 7, 1819 â€“ November 25, 1885) was a Representative and a Senator from Indiana and the twenty-first Vice President of the United States. ... James Abram Garfield (November 19, 1831 â€“ September 19, 1881) was the 20th President of the United States (1881), and the second U.S. President to be assassinated. ... The President of the United States of America (unofficially abbreviated POTUS) is the head of state of the United States and the chief executive of the federal government. ... September 19 is the 262nd day of the year (263rd in leap years). ... 1881 (MDCCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... March 3 is the 62nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (63rd in leap years). ... 1885 (MDCCCLXXXV) is a common year starting on Thursday. ... Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837 â€“ June 24, 1908) was the 22nd (1885â€“1889) and 24th (1893â€“1897) President of the United States, and the only President to serve two non-consecutive terms. ... The President of the United States of America (unofficially abbreviated POTUS) is the head of state of the United States and the chief executive of the federal government. ... Image File history File links USPresidentialSeal. ... George Washington (February 22, 1732 â€“ December 14, 1799) was the successful Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War (1775â€“1783), and later became the first President of the United States, an office to which he was elected, unanimously, twice (1789-1797). ... John Adams (October 30, 1735 â€“ July 4, 1826) was the first (1789â€“1797) Vice President of the United States, and the second (1797â€“1801) President of the United States. ... Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743 N.S. â€“ July 4, 1826) was the third President of the United States (1801â€“1809), author of the United States Declaration of Independence (1776), and one of the most influential Founders of the United States. ... James Madison (March 16, 1751 â€“ June 28, 1836) was the fourth (1809â€“1817) President of the United States. ... James Monroe (April 28, 1758 â€“ July 4, 1831) was the fifth (1817â€“1825) President of the United States and author of the eponymous Monroe Doctrine. ... John Quincy Adams (July 11, 1767â€“February 23, 1848) was an American lawyer, diplomat, and politician. ... Andrew Jackson (March 15, 1767 â€“ June 8, 1845), was the seventh President of the United States (1829-1837), hero of the Battle of New Orleans (1815), a founder of the Democratic Party, and the eponym of the era of Jacksonian democracy. ... Martin Van Buren (December 5, 1782 â€“ July 24, 1862), nicknamed Old Kinderhook, was the eighth President of the United States. ... William Henry Harrison (February 9, 1773 â€“ April 4, 1841) was an American military leader, politician, and the ninth President of the United States. ... John Tyler (March 29, 1790 â€“ January 18, 1862) was the tenth (1841-1845) President of the United States. ... James Knox Polk (November 2, 1795â€“June 15, 1849) was the eleventh President of the United States, serving from March 4, 1845 to March 3, 1849. ... Zachary Taylor (November 24, 1784 â€“ July 9, 1850), also known as Old Rough and Ready, was the twelfth President of the United States, serving from 1849 to 1850. ... Millard Fillmore (January 7, 1800 â€“ March 8, 1874) was the thirteenth President of the United States, serving from 1850 until 1853, and the last member of the Whig Party to hold the nations highest office. ... Franklin Pierce (November 23, 1804 â€“ October 8, 1869) was an American politician and the 14th President of the United States, serving from 1853 to 1857. ... James Buchanan (April 23, 1791 â€“ June 1, 1868) was the 15th president of the United States (1857â€“1861). ... Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 â€“ April 15, 1865), sometimes called Abe Lincoln and nicknamed Honest Abe, the Rail Splitter, and the Great Emancipator, was the 16th President of the United States (1861 to 1865), and the first president from the Republican Party. ... Andrew Johnson (December 29, 1808 â€“ July 31, 1875) was the sixteenth Vice President (1865) and the seventeenth President of the United States (1865â€“1869), succeeding to the presidency upon the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. ... Ulysses S. Grant (April 27, 1822 â€“ July 23, 1885) was the 18th President of the United States (1869â€“1877). ... Rutherford Birchard Hayes (October 4, 1822 â€“ January 17, 1893) was the 19th President of the United States (1877 â€“ 1881). ... James Abram Garfield (November 19, 1831 â€“ September 19, 1881) was the 20th President of the United States (1881), and the second U.S. President to be assassinated. ... Chester Alan Arthur (October 5, 1829 â€“ November 18, 1886) was an American politician who served as 21st President of the United States. ... Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837 â€“ June 24, 1908) was the 22nd (1885â€“1889) and 24th (1893â€“1897) President of the United States, and the only President to serve two non-consecutive terms. ... Benjamin Harrison (August 20, 1833 â€“ March 13, 1901) was the 23rd President of the United States (1889-1893). ... Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837 â€“ June 24, 1908) was the 22nd (1885â€“1889) and 24th (1893â€“1897) President of the United States, and the only President to serve two non-consecutive terms. ... The name Mckinley redirects here. ... Theodore Roosevelt, formally Theodore Roosevelt Jr. ... William Howard Taft (September 15, 1857 â€“ March 8, 1930) was an American politician, the 27th President of the United States, and the 10th Chief Justice of the United States. ... Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856 â€“ February 3, 1924) was the 28th President of the United States (1913â€“1921). ... Warren Gamaliel Harding (November 2, 1865 â€“ August 2, 1923) was an American politician and the 29th President of the United States, serving from 1921 to 1923, when he became the sixth president to die in office. ... John Calvin Coolidge, Jr. ... Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 â€“ October 20, 1964), the 31st President of the United States (1929-1933), was a successful mining engineer, humanitarian, and administrator. ... Franklin Delano Roosevelt (January 30, 1882 â€“ April 12, 1945), 32nd President of the United States (1933-1945), is best known for leading the U.S. through the Great Depression via his New Deal, building a powerful political coalition, the New Deal Coalition, that dominated American politics for decades, and for... Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884 â€“ December 26, 1972) was the thirty-fourth Vice President (1945) and the thirty-third President of the United States (1945â€“1953), succeeding to the office upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt. ... Dwight David Ike Eisenhower (October 14, 1890 â€“ March 28, 1969) was an American soldier and politician. ... John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 â€“ November 22, 1963), often referred to as John F. Kennedy, JFK, or Jack Kennedy, was the 35th President of the United States. ... Lyndon Baines Johnson (August 27, 1908 â€“ January 22, 1973), often referred to as LBJ, was the 36th President of the United States (1963â€“1969). ... Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 â€“ April 22, 1994) was the 37th President of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. ... Gerald Rudolph Ford, Jr. ... James Earl Jimmy Carter, Jr. ... Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911 â€“ June 5, 2004) was the 40th President of the United States (1981â€“1989) and the 33rd Governor of California (1967â€“1975). ... George Herbert Walker Bush (born in Milton, Massachusetts, June 12, 1924) was the 41st President of the United States (1989â€“1993). ... William Jefferson Bill Clinton (born August 19, 1946) was the 42nd President of the United States, serving from 1993 to 2001. ... George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is the 43rd and current President of the United States. ... The Vice President of the United States is the second-highest executive official of the United States government, the person who, in the words of Adlai Stevenson, is a heartbeat from the presidency. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... John Adams (October 30, 1735 â€“ July 4, 1826) was the first (1789â€“1797) Vice President of the United States, and the second (1797â€“1801) President of the United States. ... Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743 N.S. â€“ July 4, 1826) was the third President of the United States (1801â€“1809), author of the United States Declaration of Independence (1776), and one of the most influential Founders of the United States. ... Vice President Aaron Burr Alternate meaning: Rev. ... This page is for the Vice President George Clinton. ... Elbridge Gerry (July 17, 1744 â€“ November 23, 1814) was an American politician, a member of the Democratic-Republican Party. ... Portrait of U.S. Vice President Daniel D Tompkins Daniel D[ecius?] Tompkins (June 21, 1774 â€“ June 11, 1825) was an entrepreneur, jurist, Congressman, Governor of New York, and the sixth Vice President of the United States. ... John C. Calhoun John Caldwell Calhoun (March 18, 1782 â€“ March 31, 1850) was a prominent United States politician from South Carolina during the first half of the 19th century. ... Martin Van Buren (December 5, 1782 â€“ July 24, 1862), nicknamed Old Kinderhook, was the eighth President of the United States. ... Richard Mentor Johnson (October 17, 1780 â€“ November 19, 1850) was the ninth Vice President of the United States, serving in the administration of Martin Van Buren. ... John Tyler (March 29, 1790 â€“ January 18, 1862) was the tenth (1841-1845) President of the United States. ... For the federal judge, please see George M. Dallas (judge). ... Millard Fillmore (January 7, 1800 â€“ March 8, 1874) was the thirteenth President of the United States, serving from 1850 until 1853, and the last member of the Whig Party to hold the nations highest office. ... William Rufus de Vane King (April 7, 1786â€“April 18, 1853) was a U.S. Representative from North Carolina, a Senator from Alabama, and the thirteenth Vice President of the United States. ... John C. Breckinridge John Cabell Breckinridge (January 16, 1821â€“May 17, 1875) was a lawyer, U.S. Representative, Senator from Kentucky, the fourteenth Vice President of the United States, and a Confederate general in the American Civil War. ... Photographic portrait of Hannibal Hamlin Hannibal Hamlin (August 27, 1809 â€“ July 4, 1891) was an American politician from the U.S. state of Maine. ... Andrew Johnson (December 29, 1808 â€“ July 31, 1875) was the sixteenth Vice President (1865) and the seventeenth President of the United States (1865â€“1869), succeeding to the presidency upon the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. ... Schuyler Colfax Schuyler Colfax (March 23, 1823â€“January 13, 1885) was a Representative from Indiana and the 17th Vice President of the United States. ... Henry Wilson Henry Wilson (February 16, 1812â€“November 22, 1875) was a Senator from Massachusetts and the eighteenth Vice President of the United States. ... William Almon Wheeler (June 30, 1819â€“June 4, 1887) was a Representative from New York and the nineteenth Vice President of the United States. ... Chester Alan Arthur (October 5, 1829 â€“ November 18, 1886) was an American politician who served as 21st President of the United States. ... Thomas Andrews Hendricks (September 7, 1819 â€“ November 25, 1885) was a Representative and a Senator from Indiana and the twenty-first Vice President of the United States. ... Levi Parsons Morton. ... Adlai Ewing Stevenson I (October 23, 1835 â€“ June 14, 1914) was a Congressman from Illinois and the twenty-third Vice President of the United States. ... Garret Augustus Hobart (June 3, 1844–November 21, 1899) was the twenty-fourth Vice President of the United States. ... Theodore Roosevelt, formally Theodore Roosevelt Jr. ... Charles Warren Fairbanks (May 11, 1852 â€“ June 4, 1918) was a Senator from Indiana and the twenty-sixth Vice President of the United States. ... James Schoolcraft Sherman (October 24, 1855 â€“ October 30, 1912) was a Representative from New York and the 27th Vice President of the United States. ... Thomas R. Marshall Thomas Riley Marshall (March 14, 1854 â€“ June 1, 1925) was an American politician who served as the twenty-eighth Vice President of the United States of America under Woodrow Wilson from 1913 to 1921. ... John Calvin Coolidge, Jr. ... Charles Gates Dawes (August 27, 1865 â€“ April 23, 1951) was the 30th Vice President of the United States. ... Charles Curtis Charles Curtis (January 25, 1860 â€“ February 8, 1936) was a Representative and a Senator from Kansas as well as the 31st Vice President of the United States. ... John Nance Cactus Jack Garner (November 22, 1868–November 7, 1967) was a Representative from Texas and the thirty-second Vice President of the United States. ... Henry Agard Wallace (October 7, 1888 â€“ November 18, 1965) was the 33rd Vice President of the United States (1941-45), the 11th Secretary of Agriculture (1933-40), and the 10th Secretary of Commerce (1945-46). ... Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884 â€“ December 26, 1972) was the thirty-fourth Vice President (1945) and the thirty-third President of the United States (1945â€“1953), succeeding to the office upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt. ... Alben W. Barkley Alben William Barkley (November 24, 1877 â€“ April 30, 1956) was a Representative and a Senator from Kentucky and the thirty-fifth Vice President of the United States. ... Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 â€“ April 22, 1994) was the 37th President of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. ... Lyndon Baines Johnson (August 27, 1908 â€“ January 22, 1973), often referred to as LBJ, was the 36th President of the United States (1963â€“1969). ... Hubert Horatio Humphrey II (May 27, 1911 â€“ January 13, 1978) was the 38th Vice President of the United States, serving under President Lyndon Johnson. ... Spiro Theodore Agnew, born Spiros Anagnostopoulos (November 9, 1918 â€“ September 17, 1996) in Towson, Maryland, was the thirty-ninth Vice President of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1973 under President Richard M. Nixon. ... Gerald Rudolph Ford, Jr. ... Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller (July 8, 1908 â€“ January 26, 1979), an American politician, was Governor of New York from 1959 to 1973 and the 41st Vice President of the United States of America from December 19, 1974 to January 20, 1977. ... Walter Frederick Fritz Mondale (born January 5, 1928 in Ceylon, Minnesota) is an American politician and member of the Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party. ... George Herbert Walker Bush (born in Milton, Massachusetts, June 12, 1924) was the 41st President of the United States (1989â€“1993). ... James Danforth Quayle (born February 4, 1947) was the 44th Vice President of the United States under George H. W. Bush (1989-1993). ... Albert Arnold Gore Jr. ... Richard Bruce Cheney (born January 30, 1941), widely known as Dick Cheney, is the 46th and current Vice President of the United States under President George W. Bush. ... [1] Died in office. ... Clean up of Image:Republicanlogo. ... William Lewis Dayton (February 17, 1807 – December 1, 1864) was an American lawyer from Freehold Borough, New Jersey. ... Photographic portrait of Hannibal Hamlin Hannibal Hamlin (August 27, 1809 â€“ July 4, 1891) was an American politician from the U.S. state of Maine. ... Schuyler Colfax Schuyler Colfax (March 23, 1823â€“January 13, 1885) was a Representative from Indiana and the 17th Vice President of the United States. ... Henry Wilson Henry Wilson (February 16, 1812â€“November 22, 1875) was a Senator from Massachusetts and the eighteenth Vice President of the United States. ... William Almon Wheeler (June 30, 1819â€“June 4, 1887) was a Representative from New York and the nineteenth Vice President of the United States. ... Chester Alan Arthur (October 5, 1829 â€“ November 18, 1886) was an American politician who served as 21st President of the United States. ... John Alexander Logan (February 8, 1826 â€“ December 26, 1886), American soldier and political leader, was born in what is now Murphysboro, Jackson County, Illinois. ... Levi Parsons Morton. ... Whitelaw Reid (October 27, 1837 - December 15, 1912) was a U.S. politician and newspaper editor. ... Garret Augustus Hobart (June 3, 1844–November 21, 1899) was the twenty-fourth Vice President of the United States. ... Theodore Roosevelt, formally Theodore Roosevelt Jr. ... Charles Warren Fairbanks (May 11, 1852 â€“ June 4, 1918) was a Senator from Indiana and the twenty-sixth Vice President of the United States. ... James Schoolcraft Sherman (October 24, 1855 â€“ October 30, 1912) was a Representative from New York and the 27th Vice President of the United States. ... Nicholas M. Butler Nicholas Murray Butler (April 2, 1862 â€“ December 7, 1947) was the co-winner with Jane Addams of the 1931 Nobel Peace Prize. ... Charles Warren Fairbanks (May 11, 1852 â€“ June 4, 1918) was a Senator from Indiana and the twenty-sixth Vice President of the United States. ... John Calvin Coolidge, Jr. ... Charles Gates Dawes (August 27, 1865 â€“ April 23, 1951) was the 30th Vice President of the United States. ... Charles Curtis Charles Curtis (January 25, 1860 â€“ February 8, 1936) was a Representative and a Senator from Kansas as well as the 31st Vice President of the United States. ... Frank Knox William Franklin Frank Knox (January 1, 1874â€“April 28, 1944) was the Secretary of the Navy under Franklin D. Roosevelt during most of World War II. He was also the Republican vice presidential candidate in 1936. ... Charles L. McNary Charles Linza McNary ( June 12, 1874 - February 25, 1944) was a U.S. Republican politician from Oregon, best known for serving as Minority Leader of the United States Senate from 1933 to 1944. ... This article needs cleanup. ... Earl Warren (March 19, 1891 â€“ July 9, 1974) was a California district attorney, the 30th Governor of California, and the 14th Chief Justice of the United States (from 1953 to 1969). ... Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 â€“ April 22, 1994) was the 37th President of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. ... Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. ... William Edward Miller (March 22, 1914 – June 24, 1983), was an American politician. ... Spiro Theodore Agnew, born Spiros Anagnostopoulos (November 9, 1918 â€“ September 17, 1996) in Towson, Maryland, was the thirty-ninth Vice President of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1973 under President Richard M. Nixon. ... Robert Joseph Dole (born July 22, 1923) is best known as a former Republican United States Senate Majority Leader and Senator from Kansas from 1969-1996. ... George Herbert Walker Bush (born in Milton, Massachusetts, June 12, 1924) was the 41st President of the United States (1989â€“1993). ... James Danforth Quayle (born February 4, 1947) was the 44th Vice President of the United States under George H. W. Bush (1989-1993). ... Jack French Kemp, Jr. ... Richard Bruce Cheney (born January 30, 1941), widely known as Dick Cheney, is the 46th and current Vice President of the United States under President George W. Bush. ...

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Early life and education GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");