Encyclopedia > Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc.
| Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. |
Supreme Court of the United States | Argued 29 February 1984
Decided June 25, 1984
| | | Full case name: | Chevron U.S.A., Incorporated v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Incorporated, et al. | | | | Citations: | 467 U.S. 837; 104 S. Ct. 2778; 81 L. Ed. 2d 694; 1984 U.S. LEXIS 118; 52 U.S.L.W. 4845; 21 ERC (BNA) 1049; 14 ELR 20507 | | | | Prior history: | Natural Resources Defense Council v. Gorsuch, 685 F.2d 718 (D.C. Cir. 1982), cert. granted sub nom. Chevron U.S.A. Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., 461 U.S. 956 (1983) | | | Subsequent history: | Rehearing denied, 468 U.S. 1227 (1984) | | | Holding | | Courts must defer to administrative agency interpretations of the authority granted to them by Congress (1) where the grant of authority was ambiguous, and (2) where the interpretation was reasonable or permissible. | | Court membership | Chief Justice: Warren E. Burger
Associate Justices: William J. Brennan, Byron White, Thurgood Marshall, Harry Blackmun, Lewis Franklin Powell, Jr., William Rehnquist, John Paul Stevens, Sandra Day O'Connor | | Case opinions | Majority by: Stevens
Joined by: Burger, White, Brennan, Powell, Blackmun
Marshall, Rehnquist, O'Connor took no part in the consideration or decision of the case.
| | Laws applied | | Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977, Pub. L. No. 95-95, 91 Stat. 685; 40 C.F.R. 51.18(j)(1)(i)-(ii) (1983) | Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., 467 U.S. 837 (1984)[1], was a case in which the United States Supreme Court set forth the legal analysis for determining whether to grant deference to a government agency's interpretation of its own statutory mandate. Chevron is the Court's clearest articulation of the doctrine of "administrative deference," to the point that the phrase "Chevron Deference" is used by the courts. Image File history File links Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court. ...
The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the judicial branch of the United States federal government. ...
February 29th, or bissextile day, is the 60th day of a leap year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 306 days remaining. ...
1984 (MCMLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
June 25 is the 176th day of the year (177th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 189 days remaining. ...
1984 (MCMLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
This law-related article does not cite its references or sources. ...
Warren Earl Burger (September 17, 1907 – June 25, 1995) was Chief Justice of the United States from 1969 to 1986. ...
William J. Brennan, official portrait, 1976. ...
Byron White, official portrait. ...
Thurgood Marshall (July 2, 1908 – January 24, 1993) was an American jurist and the first African American to serve on the Supreme Court of the United States. ...
Justice Harry Blackmun Harry Andrew Blackmun (November 12, 1908 – March 4, 1999) was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1970 to 1994. ...
Lewis Franklin Powell, Jr. ...
William Hubbs Rehnquist (October 1, 1924 – September 3, 2005) was an American lawyer, jurist, and a political figure, who served as an Associate Justice on the Supreme Court of the United States and later as the Chief Justice of the United States. ...
John Paul Stevens (born April 20, 1920) is an American jurist, and the senior Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. ...
Sandra Day OConnor (born March 26, 1930) is an American jurist who served as the first female Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1981 to 2006. ...
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The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the judicial branch of the United States federal government. ...
An agency is a department of a local or national government responsible for the oversight and administration of a specific function, such as a customs agency or a space agency. ...
Background
Under the Supreme Court's ruling in Marbury v. Madison, 5 U.S.(1 Cranch) 137 (1803), United States federal courts have the authority to judicially review the statutes enacted by Congress, and declare a statute invalid if it violates the Constitution. But the Constitution sets no express limits on a government agency's authority. Rather, federal government agencies are given authority through statutes enacted by Congress. Holding Section 13 of the Judiciary Act of 1789 is unconstitutional to the extent it purports to enlarge the original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court beyond that permitted by the Constitution. ...
// Case citation is the system used in common law countries such as the United States, England and Wales, Canada, New Zealand, Australia and India to uniquely identify the location of past court cases in special series of books called reporters or law reports. ...
1803 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...
The United States federal courts are the system of courts organized under the Constitution and laws of the federal government of the United States. ...
Judicial review is the power of a court to review a statute, or an official action or inaction, for constitutionality. ...
The Statute of Grand Duchy of Lithuania A statute is a formal, written law of a country or state, written and enacted by its legislative authority, perhaps to then be ratified by the highest executive in the government, and finally published. ...
Type Bicameral Houses Senate House of Representatives President of the Senate Dick Cheney, R, since January 20, 2001 Speaker of the House Dennis Hastert, R, since January 6, 1999 Members 535 plus 4 Delegates and 1 Resident Commissioner Political groups (as of January 4, 2005 elections) Democratic Party Republican Party...
Facts Congress amended the Clean Air Act in 1977 to address states that had failed to attain the air quality standards established by the EPA (Defendant). "The amended Clean Air Act required these 'nonattainment' States to establish a permit program regulating 'new or modified major stationary sources' of air pollution." 467 U.S. at 840. During the Carter administration, the EPA defined a source as any device in a plant that produced pollution. In 1981, after Reagan was elected, the EPA adopted a new definition that allowed an existing plant to get permits for new equipment that did not meet standards as long as the total emissions from the plant itself did not increase. The Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC), an environmental protection group, challenged the EPA regulation in federal court. Chevron, an affected party, appealed the lower court's decision. A congress is a gathering of people, especially a gathering for a political purpose. ...
A Clean Air Act describes one of a number of pieces of legislation relating to the reduction of smog and atmospheric pollution in general. ...
EPA redirects here. ...
The Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) is a New York City-based, non-profit environmentalist advocacy group in the United States. ...
Chevron Corporation (NYSE: CVX) is one of the worlds largest global energy companies. ...
Issue The issue facing the Chevron court, therefore, was what standard of review should be applied by a court to a government agency's own reading of a statute that gives that agency its authority to act.
Holding The Court, in an opinion by Justice John Paul Stevens, upheld the EPA's interpretation. A two-part analysis was born from the Chevron decision (called the "Chevron two-step"), where a reviewing court determines (1) whether a statute permits or forbids an agency's interpretation, and (2) if a statute is not clear on step (1), the court decides whether the agency's interpretation of a statute is reasonable or permissible. If an agency's interpretation is reasonable, then the court will defer to the agency's reading of the statute. John Paul Stevens (born April 20, 1920) is an American jurist, and the senior Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. ...
Importance Chevron is probably the most frequently cited case in American administrative law, though some scholars suggest that the decision has had little impact on Supreme Court jurisprudence. A February 2005 citation check on the LexisNexis Shepard's citation service revealed that Chevron has been cited over 12,290 times in court opinions, law review articles, and other secondary sources. The administrative law of the United States encompasses a number of statutes and cases which define the extent of the powers and responsibilities held by administrative agencies in the United States. ...
Nexis redirects here. ...
See also Chevron Corporation (NYSE: CVX) is one of the worlds largest global energy companies. ...
The Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) is a New York City-based, non-profit environmentalist advocacy group in the United States. ...
Wednesbury unreasonableness is a term that is used to refer to the principle enunciated in the British case of Associated Provincial Picture Houses v. ...
External links - ↑ 467 U.S. 837 (Text of the opinion from Findlaw)
- Should courts defer to the Chevron deference? An interview with Andrew Jay Schwartzman
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