Chick Publications is an American publishing company run by Jack Chick which produces and markets Protestant fundamentalist pamphlets, DVDs, VCDs, videos, books, and posters. Chick Publications' most well-known products are Chick tracts, comic tracts which are available in many languages. All of its publications promote and seek to win converts to Christian fundamentalism. While some express views that are generally accepted within Christian theology, e.g. the Incarnation of Christ[1], Chick is most famous for his stances on issues that are highly controversial even within Christianity, such as opposition to Freemasonry [2], and Catholicism [3]. Many of his products also oppose secular holidays such as Halloween and Thanksgiving [4], as well as several forms of entertainments such as role-playing games and popular music. Defenders of the comics assert all his comics carry the same message — that of salvation through Jesus and a very strong support of Jews and Israel. (Except when its not convenient. In "The Trail", a Catholic Bishop, an Imam and a Rabbi go to Hell, with the Rabbi saying "If that verse is true then I am NOT going to Heaven... because the Jewish religion... 'REJECTS' Jesus Christ. A similar thing can be seen in "Where's Rabbi Waxman.") Jimmy Akins rendition of Jack Chick. ... Fundamentalist Christianity, or Christian fundamentalism, is a movement that arose mainly within British and American Protestantism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries by conservative evangelical Christians, who, in a reaction to modernism, actively affirmed a fundamental set of Christian beliefs: the inerrancy of the Bible, Sola Scriptura, the... DVD (commonly known as Digital Versatile Disc or Digital Video Disc) is an optical disc storage media format that can be used for data storage, including movies with high video and sound quality. ... Video CD (aka VCD, VideoCD, View CD, Compact Disc digital video) is a standard digital format for storing video on a Compact Disc. ... Video (Latin for I see, first person singular present, indicative of videre, to see) is the technology of electronically capturing, recording, processing, storing, transmitting, and reconstructing a sequence of still images representing scenes in motion. ... A chained book in the Bodleian Library at Oxford University A book is a set or collection of written, printed, illustrated, or blank sheets, made of paper, parchment, or other material, usually fastened together to hinge at one side, and within protective covers. ... Poster from the Spanish Revolution A poster is any large piece of printed paper which hangs from a wall or other such surface. ... Chick Publications is a publishing company run by Jack Chick which produces and markets religious pamphlets, DVDs, videos, books, posters and (most famously) tracts in many languages. ... Comics (or, less commonly, sequential art) is a form of visual art consisting of images which are commonly combined with text, often in the form of speech balloons or image captions. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Christianity is a monotheistic[1] religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament. ... Look up Incarnation in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Incarnation, which literally means enfleshment, refers to the conception, and live birth of a sentient creature (generally human) who is the material manifestation of an entity or force whose original nature is immaterial. ... The Masonic Square and Compasses. ... The Roman Catholic Church or Catholic Church (see terminology below) is the Christian Church in full communion with the Bishop of Rome, currently Pope Benedict XVI. It traces its origins to the original Christian community founded by Jesus Christ and led by the Twelve Apostles, in particular Saint Peter. ... Halloween, or Halloween, is a tradition celebrated on the night of October 31, most notably by children dressing in costumes and going door-to-door collecting sweets, fruit, and other gifts. ... The First Thanksgiving, painted by Jean Leon Gerome Ferris (1863-1930). ... A role-playing game (RPG, often roleplaying game) is a type of game in which the participants assume the roles of fictional characters and collaboratively create or follow stories. ... Popular music is music belonging to any of a number of musical styles that are accessible to the general public and are disseminated by one or more of the mass media. ... This article is about Jesus of Nazareth. ...

Chick Publications is based in Ontario, California. All of Chick Publications tracts, and several excerpts from his full-length comics, are available for free reading on the Chick website. Many older tracts are out of print; however, Chick Publications will print a minimum 10,000 tract special order of any out of print series. Ontario is a city located in San Bernardino County, California. ...

Overview

This Was Your Life, the most popular tract from Chick Publications.

Tracts typically follow the themes of punishment or redemption in the afterlife, or set up a confrontation between a Christian and non-Christian in order to spread a religious message. Many Chick tracts end with a non-Christian being converted to Christianity. Other endings provide a contrast between those who accept Jesus and those who reject Jesus; in some tracts, a convert receives entry to heaven, while in other tract, a non-believer is condemned to hell. This work is copyrighted. ... This work is copyrighted. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Medieval illustration of Hell in the Hortus deliciarum manuscript of Herrad of Landsberg (about 1180) Hell, according to many religious beliefs, is an afterlife of suffering where the wicked or unrighteous dead are punished. ...

Most Chick tracts end with a suggested prayer for the reader to pray to accept Christ. In most of these tracts it is a standard sinner's prayer for salvation. In the tracts dealing with Catholicism or Islam, the prayer includes a clause to reject these religions. Included with the prayer are directions for converting to Christianity. A Sinners prayer is a Christian term referring to a prayer of repentance, spoken or read by a person who recognizes the presence of sin in their life and desires to form or strengthen a relationship with God. ... In theology, salvation can mean three related things: freed forever from the punishment of sin Revelation 1:5-6 NRSV - also called deliverance;[1] being saved for something, such as an afterlife or participating in the Reign of God Revelation 1:6 NRSV - also called redemption;[2]) and a process...

The graphics in Chick's tracts are often simple, but eye-catching. Some Christians consider them to be valuable witnessing tools, due to the striking nature of the cartoons and their clear-cut messages. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

The company's web site [5] lists more than 150 comic tracts; all of them can be viewed online, but other materials can generally only be sampled. The site states that several hundred million tracts have been distributed world wide, with some of them translated into almost 100 languages. However, for the majority of languages, only one Tract is available: "This Was Your Life". This tract is unique in that, apart from the large number of languages it is published in, it also appears in six different artwork versions, depicting the major racial groups.

Like many other religious publishing organizations, Chick Publications does not distribute their tracts for free; they are normally purchased in bulk by the people handing them out.

While Chick's tracts are meant to be handed out directly (for instance, he encourages Christians to give out anti-Halloween tracts along with Halloween candy[6]), they are often distributed by leaving them in places where they will be found and read (for example, public restrooms), an appealing witnessing tool for shy Christians[7]. This strategy is intended to reach those who are hostile to evangelists and unlikely to accept an offered tract, by appealing instead to their curiosity[8]. The Chick Publications website claims that many people have been converted by encountering Chick Publication's comic tracts[9]. Halloween, or Halloween, is a tradition celebrated on the night of October 31, most notably by children dressing in costumes and going door-to-door collecting sweets, fruit, and other gifts. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Chick Publications also publishes conventional non-graphical books on these same topics, by authors other than Chick. Many of these are also used as sources for Chick's tracts; notable sources include Alberto Rivera, Rebecca Brown, Jeff Godwin, Kent Hovind, Charles Chiniquy, William Schnoebelen, John Todd, Avro Manhattan, and Alexander Hislop. Jack Chicks rendition of Alberto Alberto Magno Romero Rivera (1935 - 1997) was a Jesuit priest who later defected from the Catholic Church and reported in numerous interviews and publications that the Catholic Church was Babylon the Whore from Revelations and that the Pope was the man name calculated to... For the former Australian breaststroke swimmer, see Rebecca Brown (swimmer) Rebecca Julia Brown is the name of a child actress who starred in the film School of Rock. ... Jeff Godwin is a Christian fundamentalist preacher and author from Bloomington, Indiana. ... Kent E. Hovind (born January 15, 1953) is an American evangelist and prominent Young Earth creationist who is serving a ten-year term in U.S. federal prison for 58 tax offenses, obstructing federal agents and related charges. ... Charles P. Chiniquy (30 July 1809 — 16 January 1899) was a Canadian Catholic priest who converted to Presbyterianism and became an anti-Catholic preacher. ... John Wayne Todd (also known as John Todd Collins[1], Lance Collins, and Christopher Kollyns[2]) was a U.S. evangelist who claimed to have been born into a witchcraft family before converting to Christianity (in 1972, by some accounts). ... Avro Manhattan (1914-1990) was one of the worlds foremost authorities on Roman Catholicism in politics and was the author of several works relating to the Vaticans role in world politics and world affairs. ... Alexander Hislop (Born at Duns, Berwickshire, 1807; died Arbroath, 13 March 1865) was a Free Church of Scotland minister famous for his outspoken criticisms of the Roman Catholic Church. ...

Copies of Chick's tracts are displayed in the Smithsonian Institution among other examples of American religious culture. The Smithsonian Institution Building or Castle on the National Mall serves as the Institutions headquarters. ...

Claims by Chick Publications

Chick's tracts and other publications make many controversial claims. Some are typical of conservative Protestant beliefs — for instance, Chick claims that evolution is false (Big Daddy? [10]), homosexuality is sinful (Sin City [11]), and abortion is murder (Who Murdered Clarice? [12] and Baby Talk [13]). Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ... This article is about evolution in biology. ... Homosexuality refers to sexual interaction and / or romantic attraction between individuals of the same sex. ...

Others are controversial even within conservative Protestantism. In particular, Chick's tracts make frequent reference to a vast Satanic conspiracy controlling many of the world's organizations and institutions. Religions other than Protestantism, especially the Roman Catholic Church, are generally presented as instruments of Satan. Chick claims that the King James Version of the Bible is the only recorded word of God, and all other editions are corrupt [14]. Christian ecumenism is rejected as a ploy to corrupt true Christianity by encouraging acceptance of corrupted beliefs. Satanism Associated organizations Church of Satan First Satanic Church First Church of Satan Prominent figures Anton LaVey | Blanche Barton | Peter H. Gilmore | Peggy Nadramia | Karla LaVey Associated concepts Left-Hand Path | Pentagonal Revisionism | Suitheism | Survival of the fittest | Objectivism | Might Is Right Books and publications The Satanic Bible | The Satanic... For other uses, see Satan (disambiguation). ... The King James or Authorized Version of the Bible is an English translation of the Christian Bible first published in 1611. ... Christian ecumenism is the promotion of unity or cooperation between distinct religious groups or denominations of the Christian religion, more or less broadly defined. ...

Catholicism

A recurring theme in Chick's tracts is the role of the Roman Catholic Church, which he presents as one of the most powerful and insidious branches of this conspiracy. According to Chick, the Catholic Church is the "Great Whore" referred to in the Book of Revelation, and will bring about a Satanic New World Order [15][16] before it is destroyed by Jesus Christ. The Roman Catholic Church or Catholic Church (see terminology below) is the Christian Church in full communion with the Bishop of Rome, currently Pope Benedict XVI. It traces its origins to the original Christian community founded by Jesus Christ and led by the Twelve Apostles, in particular Saint Peter. ... Visions of John of Patmos, as depicted in the Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry. ... “One World Government” redirects here. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...

Drawing on the controversial claims of Alberto Rivera, Chick claims that the Catholic Church helped to mold Islam as a tool to lure people away from Christianity [17], that it infiltrates and attempts to destroy or corrupt all other religions and churches [18], and that it uses various means including seduction, framing, and murder to silence its critics [19]. He accuses Catholicism of supporting such (contradictory) ideologies as Nazism and Communism and using the Holocaust to persecute opponents of the Catholic Church. [20][21]. Jack Chicks rendition of Alberto Alberto Magno Romero Rivera (1935 - 1997) was a Jesuit priest who later defected from the Catholic Church and reported in numerous interviews and publications that the Catholic Church was Babylon the Whore from Revelations and that the Pope was the man name calculated to... Islam (Arabic:  ) is a monotheistic religion based upon the teachings of Muhammad, a 7th century Arab religious and political figure. ... National Socialism redirects here. ... Communism is an ideology that seeks to establish a classless, stateless social organization based on common ownership of the means of production. ... ...

Occultism

Various forms of occultism are also presented as part of a Satanic conspiracy. Most forms of fantasy and depictions of magic, including Harry Potter [22], Dungeons & Dragons [23], and Halloween celebrations [24] are portrayed as an attempt to draw children into witchcraft, which Chick considers to be a tool of Satan. Image File history File links Nervous_Witch_20. ... The word occult comes from the Latin occultus (clandestine, hidden, secret), referring to knowledge of the hidden. In the medical sense it is used commonly to refer to a structure or process that is hidden, e. ... Smaug in his lair: an illustration for the fantasy The Hobbit Fantasy is a genre of art that uses magic and other supernatural forms as a primary element of plot, theme, or setting. ... The Sorceress by John William Waterhouse Magic and sorcery are the influencing of events, objects, people and physical phenomena by mystical, paranormal or supernatural means. ... This article is about the Harry Potter series of novels. ... Dungeons & Dragons (abbreviated as D&D or DnD) is a fantasy role-playing game (RPG) currently published by Wizards of the Coast. ... Halloween, or Halloween, is a tradition celebrated on the night of October 31, most notably by children dressing in costumes and going door-to-door collecting sweets, fruit, and other gifts. ... Witchcraft, in various historical, anthropological, religious and mythological contexts, is the use of certain kinds of alleged supernatural or magical powers. ...

For example, in the tract "Boo!" [25] set during Halloween, Satan's supposed birthday, Satan kills people dressed as a chainsaw-wielding maniac dressed in black and wearing a Jack-o'-lantern on his head. In the tract, Chick states that the Druids of the British Isles, during October 31st, would take victims for their human sacrifices by force and leave a Jack-o'-lantern in exchange. In reality, squashes, or pumpkins that are carved for such purpose would not be accessible to the Druids since squashes came from the Americas and were not brought to the British Isles until after the time of existence for the Druids. Halloween, or Halloween, is a tradition celebrated on the night of October 31, most notably by children dressing in costumes and going door-to-door collecting sweets, fruit, and other gifts. ... Jack-o-lanterns may be carved with a friendly face, above, a menacing sawtooth scowl, or any look in between. ... Druidry or Druidism was the religion of the ancient druids, the priestly class in ancient Celtic and Gallic societies through much of Western Europe north of the Alps and in the British Isles. ... Location of the British Isles The British Isles are a group of islands off the north west coast of continental Europe comprising Great Britain, Ireland and a number of smaller islands. ... October 31 is the 304th day of the year (305th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 61 days remaining. ... Look up squash in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Pumpkins A pumpkin is a gourd (Cucurbitaceae), most commonly orange in colour when ripe, that grows from a trailing vine. ...

Criticisms of Chick Publications

His critics accuse Chick of misrepresentation — for instance, Chick's tract Big Daddy? accuses evolutionary scientists of circular reasoning in dating geological strata by the fossils they contain, with nothing in the tract to inform its readers that the usual technique is in fact radiometric dating. (This technique is mentioned elsewhere on Chick's site[26], but not in that tract.) The tracts display those who do not share the same fundamentalist Christian view as Chick as being immoral. Gays, Catholics, Masons, Pagans, Dungeons & Dragons enthusiasts, Evolutionists, rock musicians -- all are portrayed morally flawed. Begging the question, in modern popular usage, is often used synonymously for raising the question. However the original meaning is quite different: it described a type of logical fallacy (also called petitio principii) in which the evidence given for a proposition as much needs to be proved as the proposition... Strata is the plural of stratum (the geological formation); for other uses in which it can be used in the singular or plural, see Stratum (disambiguation). ... FOSSIL is a standard for allowing serial communication for telecommunications programs under DOS. FOSSIL is an acronym for Fido Opus Seadog Standard Interface Layer. ... Radiometric dating is a technique used to date materials based on a knowledge of the decay rates of naturally occurring isotopes, and the current abundances. ...

Chick has changed the claims made in Big Daddy? in response to more recent scientific findings supporting evolution. He has also changed the content of other tracts such as The Last Generation and his book The Next Step to reflect his increasing anti-Catholic beliefs, and the content of That Crazy Guy! was changed after the rise of the AIDS crisis (the tract was originally about herpes). Also, the ending to The Poor Little Witch (in which a little girl is murdered by Satanists after forsaking Occultism and converting to Fundamentalist Christianity) was changed because the urban myth, which states that "every year in the U.S. at least 40,000 people... are murdered in witchcraft ceremonies" (about twice the entire reported homicide rate for the USA[27]), turned out to be false and was removed from the tract[28] (the girl is no longer murdered, which also gives it a more optimistic ending). Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS or Aids) is a collection of symptoms and infections resulting from the specific damage to the immune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). ...

Chick's claims about Catholic, Masonic, Satanic, etc., conspiracies are based in large part on the testimony of people who claim to have been members of these groups before converting to Evangelical Christianity, most prominently Rivera and Schnoebelen. Many of Chick's critics consider these sources to be frauds or fantasists. Nevertheless, many Chick supporters believe their claims to be legitimate.^{[citation needed]} Further discussion of these controversies may be found in the articles on Alberto Rivera, William Schnoebelen, and John Todd. The word evangelicalism usually refers to a broad collection of religious beliefs, practices, and traditions which are found among conservative Protestant Christians. ... Jack Chicks rendition of Alberto Alberto Magno Romero Rivera (1935 - 1997) was a Jesuit priest who later defected from the Catholic Church and reported in numerous interviews and publications that the Catholic Church was Babylon the Whore from Revelations and that the Pope was the man name calculated to... John Wayne Todd (also known as John Todd Collins[1], Lance Collins, and Christopher Kollyns[2]) was a U.S. evangelist who claimed to have been born into a witchcraft family before converting to Christianity (in 1972, by some accounts). ...

One rather unusual claim that used to pop up frequently in Chick's publications was that the Soviet Union would invade Israel under orders of the Pope, with East Germany aiding it. Tracts that used to contain this claim (like "Escape") had it removed in later revisions. It can still be seen on Page 33 of "The Godfathers."

Some Christians, including many mainstream Protestants and evangelicals, consider many of Chick Publications' views to be misrepresentations or distortions of general Christian or evangelical views, and as such find them offensive and embarrassing.^{[citation needed]} Among other issues, many Protestants reject Chick's King James Only stance and hence do not support those of Chick's assertions that rely on the King James Version being the only 'true Bible'.^{[citation needed]} Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ... The word evangelicalism usually refers to a broad collection of religious beliefs, practices, and traditions which are found among conservative Protestant Christians. ... See technical note on viewing the Hebrew characters in this Article. ...

Chick (verb) has been used on the popular website Fark.com to describe a declaration or statement so outrageous that the speaker unintentionally gives his audience the false impression that he is engaged in a comedic parody of an extreme or reactionary belief. For example: "When he told me Satan appeared to Adam and Eve as a dinosaur I was sure he was pulling my leg. But he really believed it, so I guess he was actually chicking". Fark. ...

Response to criticisms of Chick Publications

Many fundamentalist Protestants, both past [29] and present, agree with at least some of Chick Publications's more controversial claims [30]. Some reject Chick's Roman Catholic conspiracy theories but accept other claims promoted in his tracts (such as his view that a person must be saved so as to avoid eternal damnation in Hell), and so offer qualified agreement with Chick's beliefs. Some anti-cult organizations view Chick's website and publications as a valuable source of material on groups they see as cults[31]. Fundamentalism is a movement to maintain strict adherence to founding principles. ... This article is becoming very long. ...

Jack Chick claims that cartoons are a more effective medium for witnessing than conventional text based tracts. Some of the characteristics often seen as failings of his tracts - for instance, their simplistic messages - can also be viewed as strengths, making them more appealing to readers who are unsympathetic to more conventional forms of evangelism. Some tracts go further and even do not include words or only words aimed at children. Recently people in cartoons have been coloured in to appeal more to "blacks" [32]. There seems to be an interest in reading Chick Publication's cartoon tracts among those who would never hold his views, making them an effective medium for transmitting the Gospel. Chick Publications are used by apologetics ministries [33] and for witnessing. For other uses, see Gospel (disambiguation). ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Chick's more controversial claims are usually accompanied by supporting references to the Bible (always quoting the King James Version), other books (often also published by Chick), and historical facts; debate commonly focuses on the reliability of these sources and of Chick's representation of them. The Bible is the collection of Religious text or books of Judaism and Christianity. ...

Some Christians have suggested that several of his theories have been substantiated by United Nations world policies and current political and social climates in this new millennium. This is motivated by their religious right views and adherence to dispensationalism, leading them to view the UN as part of a conspiracy leading to one-world government under an anti-Christ, based on a literal interpretation of Revelation 13. The foundation of the U.N. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. ... A millennium (pl. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Some Christians see Jack Chick as persecuted, and claim (drawing on Biblical passages) that persecution is a sign of legitimacy. Chick claims that many threats have been made on his life because of the revealing nature of his writings.

Notable tracts

Main article: Chick Publications tracts

A number of Chick Publications are well-known. Dark Dungeons, which claims that Dungeons & Dragons is a lure for Satanism, is famous for inspiring many parodies. This Was Your Life is about a man who is judged by God and is sent to Hell. That Crazy Guy! responds to safe sex teachings. The tracts Somebody Loves Me and Trust Me are mainly visual, with few words. The King of Kings tells major Bible stories in comic form. Titanic features artwork by former EC Comics artist Graham Ingels. The Death Cookie portrays the Roman Catholic Mass as a trick by Satan to lure religious people. This article describes some of Chick Publications tracts and other publications, written by Jack Chick. ... Dungeons & Dragons (abbreviated as D&D or DnD) is a fantasy role-playing game (RPG) currently published by Wizards of the Coast. ... Medieval illustration of Hell in the Hortus deliciarum manuscript of Herrad of Landsberg (about 1180) Hell, according to many religious beliefs, is an afterlife of suffering where the wicked or unrighteous dead are punished. ... This article describes some of Chick Publications more well-known tracts. ... Entertaining Comics was headed by William Gaines but is better known by its publishing name of EC Comics. ... Graham Ingels (June 7, 1915- April 4, 1991) was a comic-book artist best known for his work at the EC Comics company in the 1950s, notably on the Al Feldstein-edited horror titles The Haunt of Fear, The Vault of Horror and Tales from the Crypt. ... The Death Cookie is a religious tract by Jack Chick, written in comic book format. ... A Medieval Low Mass by a bishop. ...

Chick tracts also often repeat certain stylistic characteristics. Some include:

• HAWHAWHAW - Evil characters frequently laugh in this capitalized manner, which has become a catch phrase among Chick's fans
• Faceless God - God is invariably portrayed as an enormous, glowing, white robed figure, sitting on a throne, with no hair or facial features shown
• The sinner being cast into Hell following judgement by God. The person is often depicted screaming "YAAAHHH!!!"
• The crucifixion of Christ portrayed in a particularly gruesome manner, often described in graphic terms.
• A character in one Chick tract being led to accept Christ by reading another Chick tract
• Small drawings of cats, dogs, birds, and other animals fighting. These are scattered throughout some of his tracts and are seemingly unrelated to the subject matter.

A catch phrase is a phrase or expression that is popularized, usually through repeated use, by a real person or fictional character. ... This article discusses the term God in the context of monotheism and henotheism. ... Medieval illustration of Hell in the Hortus deliciarum manuscript of Herrad of Landsberg (about 1180) Hell, according to many religious beliefs, is an afterlife of suffering where the wicked or unrighteous dead are punished. ... It has been suggested that this article be split into multiple articles accessible from a disambiguation page. ...

See also

• King-James-Only Movement

See technical note on viewing the Hebrew characters in this Article. ...

External links

• The official website of Chick Publications

Positive

• Jack Chick a testimony from someone who claims to be saved by Jack Chick's cartoon tracts
• Jack T. Chick Museum of Fine Art

Negative

• The Nightmare World of Jack T. Chick - A response to the claims of Chick Publications against Roman Catholics
• Muslim response to Jack Chick
• Anti-Masonic Examples: Chick Publications - A rebuttal to Chick Publications' claims about Masonry
• Meeting Jack Chick an interview with Jack Chick
• Chick Dissections Tract-by-Tract rebuttal and criticism
• Criticism of chick.com - from the Hindu American Foundation

The Hindu American Foundation (HAF) is a human rights group whose purpose is to provide a voice for the 2 million strong Hindu American community. ...

Parody

• Apocamon
• Various Chick Tract Parodies
• Galactus Is Coming Chick Tract Parody