Chief Logan statue, Logan, West Virginia

Chief Logan (c. 1725–1780) was a Mingo American Indian leader in the era before the American Revolutionary War, whose revenge for the brutal killing of his family members by American frontiersmen helped spark the 1774 conflict known as Dunmore's War. Logan became famous for a speech, later known as "Logan's Lament", which he supposedly delivered after the war. Important details about Logan have been disputed by scholars, including his name and whether or not the words of "Logan's Lament" were actually his. Download high resolution version (300x633, 212 KB)Chief Logan Image copyleft: Image taken by me, released under GFDL Pollinator 02:46, Dec 24, 2004 (UTC) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Download high resolution version (300x633, 212 KB)Chief Logan Image copyleft: Image taken by me, released under GFDL Pollinator 02:46, Dec 24, 2004 (UTC) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Logan is a city located in Logan County, West Virginia. ... Events February 8 - Catherine I became empress of Russia February 20 - The first reported case of white men scalping Native Americans takes place in New Hampshire colony. ... 1780 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... This article is about the Native American tribe. ... This article is about the people indigenous to the United States. ... This article is about military actions only. ... Dunmores War (or Lord Dunmores War) was the result of several collisions that took place in the spring of 1774, on the Ohio River above the mouth of the Little Kanawha River, between Native American peoples (particularly Shawnee, Miami, and Wyandot) and parties of Anglo_American settlers who were...

Identity debate

Little is known about Logan's life before 1774. Scholars agree that Logan was a son of Chief Shikellamy, an important diplomat for the Iroquois Confederacy. However, as historian Anthony F. C. Wallace has written, "Which of Shikellamy's sons was Logan the orator has been a matter of dispute."^[1] Logan the orator has been variously identified as Tah-gah-jute, Tachnechdorus (also spelled "Tachnedorus" and "Taghneghdoarus"), Soyechtowa, Tocanioadorogon, Talgayeeta, the "Great Mingo", James Logan, and John Logan. Shikellamy (?- December 6, 1748), also known as Swatana, was an Oneida chief and overseer for the Iroquois confederacy. ... The Iroquois Confederacy (also known as the League of Peace and Power) is a group of First Nations/Native Americans. ...

The name "Tah-gah-jute" was popularized in an 1851 book by Brantz Mayer entitled Tah-gah-jute: or Logan and Cresap. However, historian Francis Jennings wrote that Mayer's book was "erroneous from the first word of the title" and instead identified Logan as James Logan, also known as Soyechtowa and Tocanioadorogon.^[2] Historians who agree that Logan the orator was not named "Tah-gah-jute" sometimes identify him as Tachnechdorus, although Jennings identifies Tachnechdorus as Logan the orator's older brother.

Logan's father Shikellamy, variously identified as a Cayuga or Oneida, worked closely with Pennsylvania official James Logan in order to maintain the Covenant Chain relationship with the colony of Pennsylvania. Following a Native American practice, the man who would become Logan the Mingo took the name "James Logan" out of admiration for his father's friend.^[2] The Cayuga nation (Guyohkohnyo or the People of the Great Swamp) was one of the five original constituents of the Iroquois, a confederacy of Indians in New York. ... For other uses, see Oneida. ... James Logan (1674-1751) was an Ireland-born American of Scottish descent. ... The Covenant Chain was an alliance between the Iroquois Confederacy and the English colonies of North America. ... Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Area  Ranked 33rd  - Total 46,055 sq mi (119,283 km²)  - Width 280 miles (455 km)  - Length 160 miles (255 km)  - % water 2. ...

Iroquois who migrated to the Ohio Country were often called "Mingos." Logan the Mingo is usually identified as a Mingo "chief", but historian Richard White has written that "He was not a chief. Kayashuta and White Mingo were the Mingo chiefs. Logan was merely a war leader...."^[3] Like his father, Logan maintained friendly relationships with white settlers moving from eastern Pennsylvania and Virginia into the Ohio Country, the region which is now Ohio, West Virginia, Kentucky, and western Pennsylvania. The Ohio Country, showing the present-day U.S. state boundaries The Ohio Country (sometimes called the Ohio Territory) was the name used in the 18th century for the regions of North America west of the Appalachian Mountains and in the region of the upper Ohio River south of Lake... Richard White (born 1947) is an American historian, currently the President-elect of the Organization of American Historians, and the author of influential books on the American West, Native American history, and environmental history. ... Guyasuta (c. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Official language(s) English de facto Capital Columbus Largest city Columbus Largest metro area Greater Cleveland Area  Ranked 34th  - Total 44,825 sq mi (116,096 km²)  - Width 220 miles (355 km)  - Length 220 miles (355 km)  - % water 8. ... Official language(s) English Capital Charleston Largest city Charleston Area  Ranked 41st  - Total 24,244 sq mi (62,809 km²)  - Width 130 miles (210 km)  - Length 240 miles (385 km)  - % water 0. ... Official language(s) English[1] Capital Frankfort Largest city Louisville Area  Ranked 37th  - Total 40,444 sq mi (104,749 km²)  - Width 140 miles (225 km)  - Length 379 miles (610 km)  - % water 1. ...

Yellow Creek massacre

That all changed with the Yellow Creek Massacre on 3 May 1774, in which a group of Virginia frontiersmen led by Daniel Greathouse brutally murdered about a dozen Mingos, among them Logan's mother, daughter, sister, and cousin, at the mouth of Yellow Creek near present-day Wellsville, Ohio along the Ohio River. The bodies of the murdered Indians had been scalped, which among Native Americans meant that war had been declared. is the 123rd day of the year (124th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Chesma Column in Tsarskoe Selo, commemorating the end of the Russo-Turkish War. ... Daniel Greathouse (c. ... Wellsville is a village in Columbiana County, Ohio, along the Ohio River. ... View of Pittsburgh, the largest metropolitan area on the Ohio River, where the Allegheny River (left) and the Monongahela River (right) join at Point State Park to form the Ohio River Cincinnati, Ohio is a well known city along the Ohio River, historically known for its riverboats. ...

Influential tribal chiefs in the region, such as Cornstalk (Shawnee), White Eyes (Lenape), and Guyasuta (Seneca/Mingo), attempted to negotiate a peaceful resolution lest the incident develop into a larger war, but by Native American custom Logan had the right to retaliate, and he intended to do just that. The chiefs managed to have Logan agree to take out his vengeance only on Virginians, not Pennsylvanians. Cornstalk (1720?–November 10, 1777) was a prominent leader of the Shawnee people in the era of the American Revolution. ... This article is about the Native American tribe. ... White Eyes (c. ... For the language, see Lenape language. ... Guyasuta (c. ... The Seneca are a Native American people, one of the Six Nations of the Iroquois League. ...

Leading a war party of 13 Shawnees and Mingos, Logan attacked settlements west of the Monongahela River. His reprisals were as brutal as the earlier murders, and he and his warriors killed numerous settlers, many of them women and children. White settlers fled in droves, and the royal governor of Virginia, Lord Dunmore, responded by going to war against the Mingos and Shawnees, in the war that bears his name: Dunmore's War. Some of Dunmore's contemporaries, and some subsequent historians, have suspected that Dunmore had a hand in provoking the Yellow Creek Massacre with the intention of seizing the Ohio Country from the natives before the rival colony of Pennsylvania did so. The South Tenth Street Bridge over the Monongahela River in Pittsburgh in 2005 The Monongahela River in Fairmont, West Virginia in 2006 Monongahela River Scene, 1857[11] Opekiska Lock and Dam on the Monongahela River near Fairmont, West Virginia at river mile 115 The Monongahela River (pronounced , also known locally... Lord Dunmore John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore (1730–February 25, 1809) was the British governor of the Province of New York from 1770 to 1771 and the Virginia Colony, from September 25, 1771 until just before the American Revolutionary War began in June 1775. ... Dunmores War (or Lord Dunmores War) was the result of several collisions that took place in the spring of 1774, on the Ohio River above the mouth of the Little Kanawha River, between Native American peoples (particularly Shawnee, Miami, and Wyandot) and parties of Anglo_American settlers who were... The Ohio Country, showing the present-day U.S. state boundaries The Ohio Country (sometimes called the Ohio Territory) was the name used in the 18th century for the regions of North America west of the Appalachian Mountains and in the region of the upper Ohio River south of Lake...

"Logan's Lament"

Monument to Logan at the Logan Elm State Memorial in Pickaway County, Ohio. The text of "Logan's Lament" is inscribed on the other side of the monument.

Logan was probably not at the Battle of Point Pleasant, the only major battle of Dunmore's War. Following the battle, Dunmore's army marched into the Ohio Country and compelled the Ohio Indians to agree to a peace treaty. According to tradition, Logan refused to attend the negotiations and instead issued a speech that would become famous: Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1536x2048, 883 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Chief Logan Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1536x2048, 883 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Chief Logan Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to... Pickaway County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... The Battle of Point Pleasant was an action in Lord Dunmores War between Virginia militia and the Indians fought on October 10, 1774 near modern Point Pleasant, West Virginia. ...

The speech was printed in colonial newspapers, and in 1782 Thomas Jefferson reprinted it in his book Notes on the State of Virginia. The authenticity of the speech is the subject of much controversy, however. The tree under which he supposedly gave the speech became famous as the "Logan Elm". Combatants France First Nations allies: Algonquin Lenape Wyandot Ojibwa Ottawa Shawnee Great Britain American Colonies Iroquois Confederacy Strength 3,900 regulars 7,900 militia 2,200 natives (1759) 50,000 regulars and militia (1759) Casualties 3,000 killed, wounded or captured 10,040 killed, wounded or captured The French and... Michael Cresap was a frontiersman born in Maryland on April 17, 1742. ... Thomas Jefferson (13 April 1743 N.S.–4 July 1826) was the third President of the United States (1801–09), the principal author of the Declaration of Independence (1776), and one of the most influential Founding Fathers for his promotion of the ideals of Republicanism in the United States. ... Notes was the only full-length book authored by Thomas Jefferson. ...

Later life and legacy

The remainder of Logan's life is shrouded in obscurity. Along with many other Ohio natives, he participated in the American Revolutionary War against the Americans. He was apparently murdered around Detroit in 1780, possibly by a nephew. This article is about military actions only. ...

Logan Elm High School in Circleville, Ohio is named after Chief Logan, and there is a park named Logan Elm Park in the same county. Logan Elm High School is a public school located near Circleville, Ohio. ...

Chief Logan High School was the former name of a high school in Lewistown, PA. In 1989, Chief Logan mergered with Kishacoquillas High School and became Indian Valley High School.

Notes

1. ^ Wallace, Jefferson and the Indians, 343.
2. ^ ^{a b} Jennings, "James Logan".
3. ^ White, Middle Ground, 358.

References

• Hurt, R. Douglas. The Ohio Frontier: Crucible of the Old Northwest, 1720-1830. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1996.
• Jennings, Francis. "James Logan". American National Biography. 13:836–37. Ed. John A. Garraty and Mark C. Carnes. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. ISBN 0-19-512792-7.
• Sugden, John. Blue Jacket: Warrior of the Shawnees. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 2000. ISBN 0-8032-4288-3.
• Wallace, Anthony F. C. Jefferson and the Indians: The Tragic Fate of the First Americans. Cambridge: Belknap, 1999.
• White, Richard. The Middle Ground: Indians, Empires, and Republics in the Great Lakes Region, 1650-1815. New York, 1991.

External links

• Logan Elm State Memorial in Ohio
• Chief Logan State Park, West Virginia
• "The Story of Logan" — excerpt from Wallace's Jefferson and the Indians