Penang Hokkien is a variant of Minnan and is widely spoken by a substantial proportion of the Penang populace who are descendants of early Chinese settlers.
Penang is one of only four states in Malaysia not to have a hereditary Malay Ruler or Sultan, being a former British settlement, the other three being Malacca, also a British settlement, whose sultanate was ended by the Portuguese conquest in 1511, and the Borneo states of Sabah and Sarawak.
Penang agriculture is mainly made up of the major export crops of rubber and oil palm and some cocoa, the food commodities comprising paddy, fruits, coconut, vegetables, livestock which is dominated by poultry and swine, fisheries and aquaculture, and new emerging industries such as ornamental fishes and floriculture[4].
The title of ChiefMinister of Penang holds the responsibility as the head of government in the state level.
Currently, Tan Sri Dr Koh Tsu Khoon is the third ChiefMinister since 1990, taking over from Tun Dato' Seri Dr. Lim Chong Eu of Gerakan which held the post since 1969.
The first ChiefMinister post was held by the late Tan Sri Wong Pow Nee of MCA since Malaysia's independence in 1957.
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