iChimaeras Fossil range: Devonian–Recent
Hydrolagus sp.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Chondrichthyes Subclass: Holocephali Order: Chimaeriformes
Families
See text for families, genera and species. Disambiguation: Devonian is sometimes used to refer to the Southwestern Brythonic language, and the people of the county of Devon are sometimes referred to as Devonians The Devonian is a geologic period of the Paleozoic era. ... Image File history File links Hydrolagus02_600. ... Scientific classification or biological classification is how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. ... Phyla Subregnum Parazoa Porifera Subregnum Eumetazoa Placozoa Orthonectida Rhombozoa Radiata (unranked) Ctenophora Cnidaria Bilateria (unranked) Acoelomorpha Myxozoa Superphylum Deuterostomia Chordata Hemichordata Echinodermata Chaetognatha Xenoturbellida Superphylum Ecdysozoa Kinorhyncha Loricifera Priapulida Nematoda Nematomorpha Onychophora Tardigrada Arthropoda Superphylum Platyzoa Platyhelminthes Gastrotricha Rotifera Acanthocephala Gnathostomulida Micrognathozoa Cycliophora Superphylum Lophotrochozoa Sipuncula Nemertea Phoronida Bryozoa Entoprocta... {{{subdivision_ranks}}} See below Chordates (phylum Chordata) are a group of animals that includes the vertebrates, together with several closely related invertebrates. ... Subclasses and Orders See text. ... Families Callorhynchidae Rhinochimaeridae Chimaeridae Other meanings, based on a fantastic animal, are at Chimera Chimaera is the common name of the species in the families Callorhynchidae, Rhinochimaeridae and Chimaeridae which all are closely related to sharks; they are also called ghost sharks. ...

Chimaeras are cartilaginous fish in the order Chimaeriformes. They are related to the sharks and rays, and are sometimes called ghost sharks. Subclasses and Orders See text. ... Orders Carcharhiniformes Heterodontiformes Hexanchiformes Lamniformes Orectolobiformes Pristiophoriformes Squaliformes Squatiniformes Sharks (superorder Selachimorpha) are fish with a full cartilaginous skeleton[1] and a streamlined body. ... Orders Rajiformes - common rays and skates Pristiformes - sawfishes Torpediniformes - electric rays See text for families. ...

Chimaeras live in temperate ocean floors and grow up to two meters long. Like other members of the class Chondrichthyes, chimaeras have a skeleton constructed of cartilage. Their skin is smooth and lacks scales, and their color can range from black to brownish gray. The worlds oceans as seen from the South Pacific Ocean, before the definition of the Southern Ocean in 2000 Oceans (from Okeanos in Greek) are saline waters that cover almost three quarters (71%) of the surface of the Earth. ... The metre, or meter (U.S.), is a measure of length. ... Subclasses and Orders See text. ... A human skeleton - (endoskeleton) In biology, the skeleton (from Greek σκελετός, dried-up) or skeletal system is the biological system providing physical support in living organisms. ... Cartilage is a type of dense connective tissue. ... In zootomy and dermatology, skin is an organ of the integumentary system made up of multiple layers of epithelial tissues that guard underlying muscles and organs. ... In most biological nomenclature, a scale (Greek lepid, Latin squama) is a small rigid plate that grows out of an animals skin to provide protection. ...

For defense, most chimaeras have a venomous spine located in front of the dorsal fin. Wasp stinger, with droplet of venom Venom or zootoxin (literally, animal poison) is any of a variety of poisons used by several groups of animal species, for the purpose of defense and hunting prey. ... Raised thorns on the stem of the wait-a-bit climber Thorns on rose stems A spine is a rigid, pointed surface protuberance or needle-like structure on an animal, shell, or plant, presumably serving as a defense against attack by predators. ... Dorsal Fin of the Orca A dorsal fin is a fin located on the backs of fishes, whales, dolphins and porpoises. ...

Chimaeras resemble sharks in some ways: they employ claspers for internal fertilization of females and they lay eggs with leathery cases. They differ from sharks in that their upper jaws are fused with their skulls; they have separate anal and urogenital openings; and they lack the many sharp and replaceable teeth of sharks, having instead a few large permanent grinding tooth plates. In biology, clasper is a body part of male insects that is used to hold the female during copulation. ... In most birds and reptiles, an apple (Latin ovum) is the zygote, resulting from fertilization of the ovum. ... Modern leather-working tools Leather is a material created through the tanning of hides, pelts and skins of animals, primarily cows. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with mandible. ... It has been suggested that temporal fenestra be merged into this article or section. ... Anal can mean: Anus, the external opening of the rectum Anal retentive, a person overly uptight or distressed over ordinarily minor problems Anal sex, anal sexual intercourse This is a disambiguation page, a list of pages that otherwise might share the same title. ... A sex organ, or primary sexual characteristic, narrowly defined, is any of those parts of the body (which are not always bodily organs according to the strict definition) which are involved in sexual reproduction and constitute the reproductive system in an complex organism; namely: Male: penis (notably the glans penis...

Classification

In some classifications the chimaeras are included (as subclass Holocephali) in the class Chondrichthyes of cartilaginous fishes; in other systems this distinction may be raised to the level of class. Chimaeras also have some characteristics of bony fishes. Subclasses and Orders See text. ... The word characteristic has several meanings: In mathematics, see characteristic (algebra) characteristic function characteristic subgroup Euler characteristic method of characteristics In genetics, see characteristic (genetics). ... Class Actinopterygii Sarcopterygii Osteichthyes are a taxonomic superclass of fish, also called bony fish that includes the ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii) and lobe finned fish (Sarcopterygii). ...

There are about forty species in six genera and three families:

Family Callorhinchidae

• Genus Callorhinchus
  • Elephant fish, Callorhinchus callorynchus (Linnaeus, 1758)
    

    

    Elephantfish, Callorhinchus callorynchus
  • Cape elephantfish, Callorhinchus capensis (Duméril, 1865)
  • Australian ghost shark, Callorhinchus milii Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1823

Family Chimaeridae Binomial name Callorhinchus milii Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1823 The Australian Ghost Shark or Elephant Fish (Callorhinchus milii) is a chimaera of the genus Callorhinchus, found off southern Australia, and south of East Cape and Kaipara Harbour in New Zealand, at depths of from a few metres to 200 metres. ... Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as  , (May 23, 1707 – January 10, 1778), was a Swedish botanist, physician and zoologist[1] who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of nomenclature. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1189x469, 23 KB) Elephantfish, Callorhinchus callorynchus. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1189x469, 23 KB) Elephantfish, Callorhinchus callorynchus. ... Elephant fish may refer to: Fishes in the family Mormyridae. ... Constant Duméril. ... Binomial name Callorhinchus milii Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1823 The Australian ghost shark or elephant fish (Callorhinchus milii) is a chimaera of the genus Callorhinchus, found off southern Australia, and south of East Cape and Kaipara Harbour in New Zealand, at depths of from a few metres to 200 metres. ... Jean Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent (1780 - 23 December 1846) was a French naturalist. ...

• Genus Chimaera
  • Chimaera cubana Howell Rivero, 1936
  • Chimaera jordani Tanaka, 1905
  • Carpenter's chimaera, Chimaera lignaria Didier, 2002
  • Chimaera monstrosa Linnaeus, 1758
    

    

    Chimaera monstrosa
  • Chimaera owstoni Tanaka, 1905
  • Chimaera panthera Didier, 1998
  • Silver chimaera, Chimaera phantasma Jordan & Snyder, 1900
• Genus Hydrolagus
  • Smalleyed rabbitfish, Hydrolagus affinis (de Brito Capello, 1868)
    

    

    Smalleyed rabbitfish, Hydrolagus affinis
  • African chimaera, Hydrolagus africanus (Gilchrist, 1922)
  • Hydrolagus alberti Bigelow & Schroeder, 1951
  • Hydrolagus alphus Quaranta et al., 2006.^[1]
  • Hydrolagus barbouri (Garman, 1908)
  • Pale ghost shark, Hydrolagus bemisi Didier, 2002
  • Spotted ratfish, Hydrolagus colliei (Lay & Bennett, 1839)
  • Philippine chimaera, Hydrolagus deani (Smith & Radcliffe, 1912)
  • Hydrolagus eidolon (Jordan & Hubbs, 1925)
  • Blackfin ghostshark, Hydrolagus lemures (Whitley, 1939)
  • Hydrolagus macrophthalmus de Buen, 1959
  • Hydrolagus matallanasi Sotto & Vooren, 2004
  • Hydrolagus mccoskeri
  • Hydrolagus media (Garman, 1911).
  • Large-eyed rabbitfish, Hydrolagus mirabilis (Collett, 1904)
  • Spookfish, Hydrolagus mitsukurii (Jordan & Snyder, 1904).
  • Dark ghost shark, Hydrolagus novaezealandiae (Fowler, 1911)
  • Hydrolagus ogilbyi (Waite, 1898)
  • Hydrolagus pallidus Hardy & Stehmann, 1990
  • Purple chimaera, Hydrolagus purpurescens (Gilbert, 1905)
  • Pointy-nosed blue chimaera, Hydrolagus trolli Didier & Séret, 2002
  • Hydrolagus waitei Fowler, 1908

Family Rhinochimaeridae Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as  , (May 23, 1707 – January 10, 1778), was a Swedish botanist, physician and zoologist[1] who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of nomenclature. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1189x436, 20 KB) Chimaera monstrosa. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1189x436, 20 KB) Chimaera monstrosa. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1189x436, 38 KB) Smalleyed rabbitfish, Hydrolagus affinis. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1189x436, 38 KB) Smalleyed rabbitfish, Hydrolagus affinis. ... Samuel Garman (1846- 1927) was a naturalist/ zoologist from Pennsylvania. ... Binomial name Hydrolagus bemisi Didier, 2002 The pale ghost shark Hydrolagus bemisi is a shortnose chimaera of the family Chimaeridae, found in deep sub-Antarctic waters on the Campbell Plateau and the The Snares Shelf south of New Zealands Stewart Island. ... Binomial name Hydrolagus colliei Lay & Bennett, 1839 The spotted ratfish, Hydrolagus colliei, is a Chimaera found in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans. ... Binomial name Hydrolagus mattallanasi Soto, 2001 Hydrolagus mattallanasi is a species of very rare deep-water chimaera that lives in the ocean at depths of up to 600 m. ... Samuel Garman (1846- 1927) was a naturalist/ zoologist from Pennsylvania. ... Binomial name Hydrolagus novaezealandiae (Fowler, 1911) The dark ghost shark Hydrolagus novaezealandiae is a shortnose chimaera of the family Chimaeridae, found on the continental shelf around the South Island of New Zealand at depths of between 25 and 950 m. ...

• Genus Harriotta
  • Smallspine spookfish, Harriotta haeckeli Karrer, 1972
  • Narrownose chimaera, Harriotta raleighana Goode & Bean, 1895.
    

    

    Narrownose chimaera, Harriotta raleighana
• Genus Neoharriotta
  • Neoharriotta carri Bullis & Carpenter, 1966
  • Sicklefin chimaera, Neoharriotta pinnata (Schnakenbeck, 1931)
  • Neoharriotta pumila Didier & Stehmann, 1996
• Genus Rhinochimaera
  • Rhinochimaera africana Compagno, Stehmann & Ebert, 1990
  • Spearnose chimaera, Rhinochimaera atlantica Holt & Byrne, 1909
  • Pacific spookfish, Rhinochimaera pacifica (Mitsukuri, 1895)

Binomial name Harriotta raleighana Goode & Bean, 1895 The narrownose chimaera Harriotta raleighana is a longnose chimaera of the family Rhinochimaeridae, found in temperate seas worldwide, at depths of between 200 and 2,600 m. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1181x323, 24 KB) Narrownose chimaera, Harriotta raleighana. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1181x323, 24 KB) Narrownose chimaera, Harriotta raleighana. ... Binomial name Harriotta raleighana Goode & Bean, 1895 The narrownose chimaera Harriotta raleighana is a longnose chimaera of the family Rhinochimaeridae, found in temperate seas worldwide, at depths of between 200 and 2,600 m. ...

References

• "Chimaeriformes". FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. January 2006 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2006.

1. ^ Quaranta et al. (2006). "A new species of chimaeroid, Hydrolagus alphus sp. nov. (Chimaeriformes: Chimaeridae) from the Galapagos Islands". Zootaxa 1377: 33-45.