China's peaceful rise (Chinese: 中国和平崛起; Pinyin: Zhōnggúo hépíng juéqǐ) is a foreign policy doctrine mentioned increasingly by the People's Republic of China in the early 21st century. The term was first used in a speech given by the former Vice Principal of the Central Party School of the Chinese Communist Party, Zheng Bijian, in late 2003 during the Boao Forum for Asia. It was then reiterated by PRC premier Wen Jiabao in an ASEAN meeting as well as his visit to the United States. It appears to be one of the first initiatives by the fourth generation of the leadership of the PRC, headed by Wen and Hu Jintao. In some occasion, the term China's peaceful development (中国和平发展 ; Zhōnggúo hépíng fàzhǎn) is used instead. Pinyin (Chinese: 拼音, pÄ«nyÄ«n) literally means join (together) sounds (a less literal translation being phoneticize, spell or transcription) in Chinese and usually refers to HànyÇ” PÄ«nyÄ«n (汉语拼音, literal meaning: Han language pinyin), which is a system of romanization (phonemic notation and transcription to Roman script) for Standard... For the American magazine, see Foreign Policy. ... A longtime advisor to the leadership of the Peoples Republic of China Peaceful rise of China ... 2003 (MMIII) is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Boao Forum for Asia (博鳌亚洲论坛; BFA), is a non-governmental, not-for-profit international organization modelled after the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland. ... The Premier ( Chinese: 总理 pinyin: zŏnglĭ), sometimes referred to as the Prime Minister, is the Chairman of the State Council of the Peoples Republic of China and head of Central Peoples Government. ... Wen Jiabao (Simplified Chinese: 温家宝; Traditional Chinese: 溫家寶; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Wen Chia-pao) (born September 1942) is the Premier of the State Council of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Because both the Communist Party of China and the Peoples Liberation Army promote according to seniority, it is possible to group Chinese leaders into generations. ... Hú Jǐntāo (born December 21, 1942) is the fourth and current President of the Peoples Republic of China and General Secretary of the Communist Party of China. ...

In Zheng's speech he pointed out that in the past, a rise of a new power often resulted in the drastic change of global political structure, and even war. He believed that this was because these powers "chose the road of aggression and expansion, which will ultimately fail." He said that in today's new world, the PRC should make use of the peaceful environment to continue to develop herself, and in turn help to maintain this peaceful environment. War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ...

The content of the policy is also widely seen to reflect a more cosmopolitan and sophisticated outlook on the part of PRC's foreign policy establishment after the leadership transition in 2003.

Main principle

The term is used primarily to reassure the nations of East Asia and the United States that the rise of the PRC in military and economic prominence will not be a threat to peace and stability, and that other nations will benefit from the rise of the PRC. Explicit in the doctrine, is the notion that PRC's economic and military development is not a zero-sum game and that the PRC represents less of an economic competitor than economic opportunities. Geographic scope of East Asia East Asia is a subregion of Asia that can be defined in either geographical or cultural terms. ... For the purpose of this article, the economies of the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau are considered separate from the rest of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Zero-sum describes a situation in which a participants gain (or loss) is exactly balanced by the losses (or gains) of the other participant(s). ...

The doctrine emphasizes the importance of soft power and is based in part on the premise that good relations with its neighbors will enhance rather than diminish the comprehensive national power of the PRC. Part of this doctrine is that the PRC will have an economic policy different from that of Japan during the 1980s and will avoid neo-mercantilism and protectionism, and that nations outside of mainland China will be able to materially benefit from mainland China's economic rise through trade and investment. As such, PRC's participation in the World Trade Organization is part of this doctrine. Soft power is a term used in international relations theory to describe the ability of a political body, such as a state, to indirectly influence the behavior or interests of other political bodies through cultural or ideological means. ... Comprehensive National Power (CNP) is a concept which is important in the contemporary political thought of the Peoples Republic of China and refers to the general power of a nation-state. ... Mercantilism is the economic theory that a nations prosperity depended upon its supply of gold and silver, that the total volume of trade is unchangeable. ... Protectionism is the economic policy of protecting a nations manufacturing base from the effects of foreign competition by means of very high tariffs on imported goods, restrictive quotas, or other means of reducing importation. ... WTO Logo The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an international rules-based and member driven organization which oversees a large number of agreements defining the rules of trade between its member states (WTO, 2004a). ...

In diplomacy, the doctrine emphasizes multilateral cooperation such through institutions such as the six power talks concerning North Korea's nuclear program and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. It also calls for less assertiveness in border disputes such as the Spratly Islands, Diaoyutai/Senkaku, and the Aksai Chin. PRC's active diplomacy over North Korea, has been widely regarded as a break from previous foreign policy of the PRC which has been widely seen as passive and opportunistic. North Korea claims to possess nuclear weapons, and is widely believed to have a substantial arsenal of chemical weapons, deliverable by artillery against South Korea. ... The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)(Chinese: 上海合作组织, pinyin: shànghǎi hézuò zǔzhī, 上合组织; Russian: Шанхайская организация сотрудничества, ШОС) is an intergovernmental organization which was founded on June 14, 2001 by leaders of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, the Peoples Republic of China, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. ... Chinese Pinyin Diaoyutai Islands Diaoyu Islands Senkaku Islands see also Senkaku Categories: China-related stubs ... Japanese Romaji Diaoyutai Islands Diaoyu Islands Senkaku Islands see also Diaoyutai Categories: Japan-related stubs ... Aksai Chin (Simplified Chinese: 阿克赛钦; Traditional Chinese: 阿克賽欽; pinyin: ) is a region located at the junction of the Peoples Republic of China, Pakistan, and India. ...

In addition, this doctrine seeks to avoid confrontation with the United States and one of the motivations behind the doctrine was the conclusion in the late-1990s that the United States was not a declining power and that for the first part of the 21st century, that no alliance of great powers could constrain U.S. actions. The other motivation behind the doctrine is the realization that trade with the United States has been and will be essential for the economic growth in mainland China. Thus, the PRC seeks to both prevent the United States from becoming an enemy, and also make it impossible for the United States to follow a strategy of containment vis-a-vis the PRC. One consequence of this doctrine is that the PRC has remained neutral over U.S. foreign policy initiatives such as its invasion of Iraq. Containment refers to the foreign policy strategy of the United States in the early years of the Cold War. ... The 2003 Invasion of Iraq began on March 20 comprising United States and United Kingdom forces (98%), and several other nations. ...

This incentive has also interacted with U.S. actions in light of the September 11 terrorist attacks. In contrast with the situation in the late-1990s, voices such as the blue team, which considers the rise of the PRC to be the most serious security threat to the United States, have been considerably muted. In addition, as the United States has been heavily involved in Iraq, stability in East Asia, especially in the areas of North Korea and Taiwan has become attractive to the United States. Furthermore, some have commented that many of the nations of East Asia find the U.S. exclusive focus on terrorism to be annoying, and thus welcome the broader view that the PRC has presented concerning foreign relations. The World Trade Center on fire The September 11, 2001 attacks were a series of coordinated terrorist attacks against the United States on September 11, 2001. ... The blue team is an informal group within the United States that has argued that the Peoples Republic of China is the largest security threat to the United States. ... Geographic scope of East Asia East Asia is a subregion of Asia that can be defined in either geographical or cultural terms. ... Terrorism is the unconventional use of violence for political gain. ...

Many of the ideas of the peaceful rise of the PRC come from the new security concept, which was formulated by thinktanks in the PRC in the mid-1990s. The new security concept is a security policy enunciated by the Peoples Republic of China in the late 1990s. ...

Taiwan is explicitly excluded from the doctrine as the PRC considers Taiwan a domestic affair. At the same time, as part of its aim of avoiding confrontation with the United States, the PRC has attempted to portray itself as the advocate of peace and stability in the Taiwan straits and the Republic of China (ROC) government under Chen Shui-bian as dangerously destablizing the region, and in contrast to practice in the 1990s, has attempted to gain the support of the United States in restricting what it perceives as Chen's efforts to further Taiwan independence. Categories: China geography stubs ... National motto: None Official language Mandarin Chinese Capital and largest city Taipei President Chen Shui-bian Premier Frank Hsieh Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 138th 35,980 km² 2. ... Chen Shui-bian, President of the Republic of China Chen Shui-bian (ch. ... Taiwan independence (Chinese: 台灣獨立, pinyin: Táiwān dúlì, Taiwanese Romanization: Tâi-oân To̍k-li̍p; abbreviated to 台獨, Táidú, Tâi-to̍k) is a political movement whose goal is primarily to create an independent and sovereign Republic of Taiwan (out of the lands currently administered...

See also

• Foreign relations of the People's Republic of China
• Boao Forum for Asia
• Major Power Diplomacy of China
• Political status of Taiwan
• Shanghai Cooperation Organization
• China's military spending