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Chinatown in San Francisco

This article discusses Chinatown patterns in North America. For the purposes of this article North America is defined as Canada and the United States. For a broad survey of individual Chinatowns in the region, see Chinatowns in North America. For information on Chinatowns in Mexico and Central America, please refer to Chinatowns in Latin America. The common features of Chinatowns and social problems common to Chinatown are covered in the main Chinatown article. Image File history File links Emblem-important. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article discusses Chinatowns in Africa. ... Chinatowns in Asia are widespread with a large concentration of overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia and ethnic Chinese whose ancestors came from southern China - particularly the provinces of Guangdong, Fujian, and Hainan - and settled in countries such as Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam... This article discusses Chinatowns in Europe. ... Chinatowns in Latin America (Spanish: barrios chinos, singular barrio chino) developed with the rise of Chinese immigration in the 19th century to various countries in Latin America as contract laborers (i. ... The prevalence of Chinatowns in the Middle East can be attributed to the many Chinese Muslims living in the Middle East. ... This article surveys individual Chinatowns in North America. ... This article discusses Chinatowns in Oceania. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 532 pixel Image in higher resolution (900 × 599 pixel, file size: 101 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) (All user names refer to en. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 532 pixel Image in higher resolution (900 × 599 pixel, file size: 101 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) (All user names refer to en. ... North America North America is a continent[1] in the Earths northern hemisphere and (chiefly) western hemisphere. ... This article surveys individual Chinatowns in North America. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... For other uses, see Central America (disambiguation). ... Chinatowns in Latin America (Spanish: barrios chinos, singular barrio chino) developed with the rise of Chinese immigration in the 19th century to various countries in Latin America as contract laborers (i. ...

In general, there are three types of Chinatowns in North America: frontier and rural Chinatowns, urban Chinatowns, and suburban Chinatowns. A frontier is a political and geographical term referring to areas near or beyond a boundary, or of a different nature. ... Sign in a rural area in Dalarna, Sweden Qichun, a rural town in Hubei province, China An artists rendering of an aerial view of the Maryland countryside: Jane Frank (Jane Schenthal Frank, 1918-1986), Aerial Series: Ploughed Fields, Maryland, 1974, acrylic and mixed materials on apertured double canvas, 52... Crowded Shibuya, Tokyo shopping district An urban area is an area with an increased density of human-created structures in comparison to the areas surrounding it. ... Housing subdivision near Union, Kentucky, a suburb of Cincinnati, Ohio. ...

Frontier and rural Chinatowns

Several small towns in the western United States and Canada have or once had a Chinatown that sprang up as a result of early Chinese settlement during the late 1800s and early 1900s. Many of the Chinese that formed these Chinatowns were from the primarily rural Sze Yap ("Four Districts") region of Guangdong province of China, including speakers of Toisan (台山, Pinyin: Taishan) and Chung San (中山, Pinyin: Zhongshan) Chinese (these are various subdialects of Cantonese Chinese). Experiencing hardships, especially discrimination and prejudice in the big cities, the Chinese banded together and established their own distinct communities in the frontier areas. In a few cases, Chinese were forbidden either through explicit laws or implicit agreements from purchasing land or residing outside of their enclaves^{[citation needed]}. Sze Yup (四邑), Sze Yap or Seiyap are four counties of Sun Wui, Toi Shan, Hoi Ping and Yan Ping in the Pearl River Delta, in southern Kwangtung Province, China. ... Guangdong, often spelt as Kwangtung, is a province on the south coast of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Pinyin, more formally called Hanyu Pinyin (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), is the most common variant of Standard Mandarin romanization system in use. ... This article is about all of the Cantonese (Yue) dialects. ...

Origins

Between the periods when the gold rushes on Gum San ("Gold Mountain", 金山, Pinyin: Jin Shan) went bust and the transcontinental railroads were completed, the Toisan-speaking Chinese farm laborers, many of whom already had expertise in farming techniques, worked in the agricultural industry of California's Central Valley, and there they formed small rural Chinatown enclaves in white farming and mining communities. For other meanings, see Gold rush (disambiguation) A California Gold Rush handbill A gold rush is a period of feverish migration of workers into the area of a dramatic discovery of commercial quantities of gold. ... Poster announcing railroads opening The First Transcontinental Railroad was a transcontinental railroad in North America that was finished in 1869. ... Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Largest metro area Greater Los Angeles Area  Ranked 3rd  - Total 158,302 sq mi (410,000 km²)  - Width 250 miles (400 km)  - Length 770 miles (1,240 km)  - % water 4. ... This article is about Californias Central Valley. ...

Locations and layout

In frontier ("Wild West") and rural Chinatowns, a Chinese general store also provided a post office, bank, townhall, translation services and local stomping ground for the Chinese population. Also included in several Chinatowns of this type were Chinese religious shrines (called joss houses, incorporating Buddhist, Confucian and Taoist temples. A frontier is a political and geographical term referring to areas near or beyond a boundary, or of a different nature. ... Great Basin region, typical American West The Western United States has played a significant role in history and fiction. ... Joss house or Miu (廟) is a place for worshiping a variety of indigenous Chinese deities, saints and supernatural beings from Taoist, Buddhism, Confucianism, heroes and folklores. ... A replica of an ancient statue found among the ruins of a temple at Sarnath Buddhism is a philosophy based on the teachings of the Buddha, Siddhārtha Gautama, a prince of the Shakyas, whose lifetime is traditionally given as 566 to 486 BCE. It had subsequently been accepted by... Confucianism (儒家 Pinyin: rújiā The School of the Scholars), sometimes translated as the School of Literati, is an East Asian ethical, religious and philosophical system originally developed from the teachings of Confucius. ... For other uses of the words tao and dao, see Dao (disambiguation). ...

Examples of rural and small town Chinatowns include the communities of Locke and Weaverville, located north and northwest of San Francisco, California. Others include a "China Alley" in the Central Valley town of Hanford, California, Chinese Camp, and a site in Butte, Montana. Locke, California is a community built in California, USA by Chinese immigrants during the early 20th century. ... Weaverville is a census-designated place and the county seat of Trinity County, California. ... “San Francisco” redirects here. ... Location in Kings County and the state of California Country State County Kings Government  - Mayor Joaquin D. Gonzalez  - Vice Mayor David G. Ayers  - City Manager Gary Misenheimer Area  - City  13. ... Chinese Camp is a census-designated place located in Tuolumne County, California. ... Uptown Butte 1942 view of the city Butte is a city in Silver Bow County, Montana and is the county seat. ...

In the late 19th century western United States, Chinese-American immigrants were not always welcome, and found it dangerous to be seen in public. In response, these immigrants built elaborate underground communities in many cites through the American West. Many of these underground communities have been preserved, and are now the subject of historical tours, in cities such as Pendleton, Oregon, Havre, Montana, and Deadwood, South Dakota. The Western United States, also referred to as the American West or simply The West, traditionally refers to the region constituting the westernmost states of the United States (see geographical terminology section for further discussion of these terms). ... Pendleton is a city located in Umatilla County, Oregon. ... Havre (IPA ) is a city in Hill County, Montana, is said to be named after the city of Le Havre in France[1][2], although this is disputed by some inhabitants. ... A photograph of Deadwood in 1876. ...

Extinct Chinatowns include the ones in California (San Luis Obispo, Nevada City, Riverside, Walnut Grove, Rio Vista, Marysville), British Columbia (Lillooet, Barkerville, Yale, New Westminster, Cumberland and others), Alberta (Strathcona), Nevada (Reno, Virginia City), South Dakota (Deadwood), and Wyoming (Rock Springs). San Luis Obispo, San Luis, or SLO (Spanish for ) is a city in California. ... Nevada City is the county seat of Nevada County, California, USA, 166 miles (267 km) northeast of San Francisco. ... Nickname: Location in the state of California Coordinates: , Country State County Riverside Government  - Mayor Ron Loveridge Area  - City  78. ... Walnut Grove is a census-designated place located in Sacramento County, California. ... Rio Vista is a city located on the eastern end of Solano County, California, on the Sacramento River in the Sacramento River Delta region. ... Marysville is the home of many great people namely Courtney Weaver county seat of Yuba County, California, USA. The population was 12,268 at the 2000 census. ... Motto: Splendor Sine Occasu (Latin: Splendour Without Sunset (diminishment)) Capital Victoria Largest city Vancouver Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor Iona Campagnolo - Premier Gordon Campbell (BC Liberal) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 36 - Senate seats 6 Confederation July 20, 1871 (6th province) Area  Ranked 5th - Total 944,735... Lillooet (formerly Cayoosh Flat) is a small but historic and highly scenic community on the Fraser River in western Canada, about 240 kilometres (150 miles) up the British Columbia Railway line from Vancouver. ... Ť Barkervilles main street, taken in June 2004, showing the historic buildings and a small stream of water flowing down its sloped, unpaved, roads. ... Front Street, Yale, British Columbia circa 1882 during the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway. ... “New Westminster” redirects here. ... Cumberland is a village in the Comox Valley on Vancouver Island in British Columbia, Canada. ... Motto: Fortis et liber(Latin) Strong and free Capital Edmonton Largest city Calgary Official languages English (see below) Government - Lieutenant-Governor Norman Kwong - Premier Ed Stelmach (PC) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 28 - Senate seats 6 Confederation September 1, 1905 (split from Northwest Territories) (8th [Province]) Area Ranked... Strathcona is a former city in Alberta, Canada, and now a neighbourhood of Edmonton, also known as Old Strathcona. ... Official language(s) English Capital Carson City Largest city Las Vegas Area  Ranked 7th  - Total 110,567 sq mi (286,367 km²)  - Width 322 miles (519 km)  - Length 490 miles (788 km)  - % water 0. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... View of Virginia City, Nevada, from a nearby hillside, 1867-68 Virginia City is a city located in Storey County, Nevada. ... Official language(s) English Capital Pierre Largest city Sioux Falls Area  Ranked 17th  - Total 77,163 sq mi (199,905 km²)  - Width 210 miles (340 km)  - Length 380 miles (610 km)  - % water 1. ... A photograph of Deadwood in 1876. ... Official language(s) English Capital Cheyenne Largest city Cheyenne Area  Ranked 10th  - Total 97,818 sq mi (253,348 km²)  - Width 280 miles (450 km)  - Length 360 miles (580 km)  - % water 0. ... Rock Springs is a city in Sweetwater County, Wyoming, United States. ...

Nowadays, these small, early Chinatowns tend to serve as museums rather than areas of bustling commerce as is the case in their urban and suburban counterparts. While most of these frontier-era Chinatowns have largely disappeared, their remnants and other small Chinatowns still standing can be found, especially in the western region of the U.S. The majority of "Chinese" restaurants in these particular Chinatowns tend to prominently display Budweiser beer signs^{[citation needed]} and serve American Chinese cuisine, such as chop suey. The old rural/frontier and urban Chinatowns were often stereotyped for having ethnic Chinese-owned laundries. In most cases, they have now widely disappeared over time in most of the old urban Chinatowns and the stereotype no longer persists. Budweiser, sometimes referred to as Bud, is a global pale lager brand owned by the St. ... American Chinese cuisine refers to the style of food served by Chinese restaurants in the United States. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

In recent years, several excavations have been made and some remnants of the rural Chinatowns were unearthed such as in San Luis Obispo, California. Many early Chinatown artifacts and pieces can be found in some local museums.

In the early years of Locke, California, the Chinese-American population was booming and thus led to a creation of the local chapter of the Kuomintang. The Kuomintang of China (abbreviation KMT) (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Tongyong Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chung1-kuo2 Kuo2-min2-tang3) [1], also often translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party, is a political party in the Republic of China, now on Taiwan, and is currently the largest political party in...

Decline

In the 1880s, several rural Chinatowns were burned and destroyed by white residents.^{[citation needed]} Some towns may have had two or more Chinatowns.

In the 1940s and 1950s, the Chinese Americans (i.e., descendants of the earliest Chinese immigrants) who were generally better-educated and often spoke more fluent English than their parents and grandparents—and also lost much fluency in the Chinese language during acculturation in American society—moved out of the rural regions and resettled in the major cities. After immigration restrictions were placed on Mainland Chinese, there has been no new Chinese immigration to these towns. Nowadays, there are few remaining pockets of ethnic Chinese that live in these small rural Chinatowns. The extant Chinese American population in these particular rural Chinatowns are aging and slowly dying out. A Chinese American is an American who is of ethnic Chinese descent. ...

Urban and suburban Chinatowns: old vs. new

On the other hand, many large American and Canadian cities now have more than one Chinatown—an older mainly urban one, and others attached to newly created suburban communities, although the term Chinatown is used in English only to refer to the original, older Chinatowns. The early Chinese immigrants settled in major North American coastal cities such as San Francisco, New York, Philadelphia, Los Angeles, and Vancouver, thus giving those cities historic and bustling old Chinatowns that still stand today and essentially serving as anchors for another wave of ethnic Chinese immigration. “San Francisco” redirects here. ... Midtown Manhattan, looking north from the Empire State Building, 2005 New York City (officially named the City of New York) is the most populous city in the state of New York and the entire United States. ... Nickname: City of Brotherly Love, Philly, the Quaker City Motto: Philadelphia maneto (Let brotherly love continue) Location in Pennsylvania Coordinates: Country United States State Pennsylvania County Philadelphia Founded October 27, 1682 Incorporated October 25, 1701 Mayor John F. Street (D) Area    - City 369. ... Los Angeles and L.A. redirect here. ... This article refers to the city in British Columbia, Canada. ...

The suburban Chinatowns were generally established in the 1970s, and were the result of three factors: The relaxation of Chinese immigration restrictions (the Chinese Exclusion Acts previously enacted in 1882 in the United States and in 1923 in Canada), the passage of laws that forbade racial discrimination in real estate, and improved relations between the United States and the People's Republic of China in "ping-pong diplomacy." The Chinese Exclusion Act may be: The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 passed in the United States in 1882 banning Chinese from entering American soil. ... Real estate is a legal term that encompasses land along with anything permanently affixed to the land, such as buildings. ...

With the normalizing of relations, it caused elation for potential Mainland Chinese emigrants and investors and at the same time, it also caused unease among the Taiwanese and Hong Kong residents (a major "push" factor for emigration).

In the 1970s, the Mainland Chinese-born and U.S.-educated Realtor Frederic Hsieh was instrumental in bringing about the development of the first suburban Chinese communities. Frederic Hsieh (1945 - 1999) was a Chinese-born American realtor and investor who founded the first Chinese American suburban community of Monterey Park, California by purchasing and reselling plots of abandoned land in the city at premium prices to Chinese investors from Taiwan. ...

In sharp contrast to the old Chinatowns, these new Chinatowns were settled voluntarily but there is now some self-imposed de facto segregation.

Today, a large majority of ethnic Chinese do not necessarily reside within the old Chinatowns. While there are some Chinatown residents, many may live in surrounding neighborhoods that provide easy access to the goods and services provided in Chinatowns. Many Chinese immigrants, especially the first-generation, without cars tend to take rapid transit (such as subway in New York City, or San Francisco's electric streetcars and buses) to go shopping in Chinatowns.

The new Chinatowns and old Chinatowns have a number of differences. Traditionally, the older Chinatowns tended to be separate communities apart from the rest of American society and contained strong internal institutions such as the Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association in New York City and the Six Companies in San Francisco. These institutions served as quasi-governments and mediated relationships between Chinese and non-Chinese. Midtown Manhattan, looking north from the Empire State Building, 2005 New York City (officially named the City of New York) is the most populous city in the state of New York and the entire United States. ...

Atmosphere and offerings

The older Chinatowns are more traditional with an aging infrastructure and tend to be tourist attractions with restaurants serving both Chinese American cuisine geared towards non-Chinese customers and authentic cuisine. (Basic inauthentic Chinese American cuisine consists of chop suey, mu shu pork, egg fu young, and fried wontons and topped with a fortune cookie dessert.) In addition, many old Chinatowns are situated near large downtown areas. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Toms Restaurant, a restaurant in New York made familiar by Suzanne Vega and the television sitcom Seinfeld A restaurant is an establishment that serves prepared food and beverages to order, to be consumed on the premises. ... American Chinese cuisine (什碎館 or 雜碎館) is a style of cooking served by many Chinese restaurants in the Chinese but instead a cuisine geared towards Westerners. ...

The tourism industry of Chinatowns has become a major source of revenue since the 1920s, and therefore, many businesses are ever reliant on the Chinese cuisine restauarants to draw in customers of all ethnicities. Montreal even has a Hilton Chinatown, although its Chinatown is fairly small. Today, the visitor can literally sense the old Chinatowns, which tend to have a collection unique establishments such as numerous markets selling live fish and poultry, incense coming from shops or joss temples, and ethnic Chinese merchants in front of their overloaded storefronts selling cheap imported wares such as trinkets, clothing, toys, or foodstuffs. Also, a larger concentration of small mom-and-pop grocers with outdoor sidewalk produce stands, dim sum bakeries, take-out delicatessens with displays of complete roast ducks and roast pigs on their windows, and bazaars can be found in the older and traditional Cantonese-dominated Chinatowns. Nickname: Motto: Concordia Salus (well-being through harmony) Coordinates: , Country Province Founded 1642 Established 1832 Government  - Mayor Gérald Tremblay Area [1][2][3]  - City 365. ... The gate on Saint Lawrence Boulevard. ... Dim sum (Chinese: 點心; Cantonese IPA: dɪm2sɐm1; Pinyin: diǎnxīn; Wade-Giles: tien-hsin; literally dot heart or order heart, meaning order to ones hearts content; also commonly translated as touch the heart, dotted heart, or snack), a Cantonese term... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

Dim sum in Chinatowns is available in generally large and overcrowded Cantonese seafood restaurants during the morning and midday. In urban Chinatowns, the dim sum bakeries—usually with limited amount of seating—are often frequented by middle-aged and elderly North American Chinese. In some cases, the bakeries may also serve as a local social gathering for these seniors.

Chinatowns have many large business and street signs written entirely in the Chinese language. English-language street signs are usually translated into poor Chinese by non-Chinese-speaking city planners. During the day time, many old Chinatowns are usually crowded, the quintessential image, and have heavier pedestrian traffic.

Conversely, the new Chinatowns tend to truly cater to ethnic Chinese, with authentic Chinese restaurants and suburbia shopping centers with Chinese merchants. While the old Chinatowns remain touristic for whites, Hispanics, and other ethnic groups, several new urban and suburban Chinatowns are often serve as stopovers for visiting Mainland Chinese and Taiwanese nationals. Take-out delicatessens serving roast duck and a variety of chicken are mainly attached to sit-down Chinese restaurants. For the traditional meaning of the word mall, see mall. ... Hispanic flag, not widely used. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

Also, the new quasi-Chinatowns usually have a selection of Cantonese seafood restaurants and a wider range of other Chinese cuisine - for example, Chinese Buddhist vegetarian, Taiwanese cuisine self-serve cafeterias, and Chinese Islamic cuisine (with lots of lamb) - that are rarely found in old Chinatowns. With a large Asian immigrant clientele, many Chinese restaurateurs do not feel there is any incentive nor the pressure to "Westernize" the cuisine or its portions to suit the taste of non-Chinese. Thus, a great number of truly authentic cuisine are to be found in the new urban and suburban Chinatowns. Due to the majority Muslim population in western China, many Chinese restaurants cater to Muslims or cater to the general public but are run by Muslims. ...

There are also more modern-style cafés serving fusion cuisine, bubble tea shops, coffeeshops, tea houses, upscale department stores, chic boutiques, specialty stores (e.g., stores offering wireless phones and service plans, Asian popular culture), nightclubs, Internet gaming facilities, and karaoke ok bars (or KTV parlors) that mainly cater and appeal to younger Asian descent immigrants and the native-borns. The current Taiwanese fad of boba milk tea (boba nai cha in Chinese), also known as pearl milk tea, has especially spread in the satellite Chinatowns, especially with several chains owned by Taiwanese immigrant entrepreneurs. The older Chinatowns have been much slower to catch on to these newer trends and thus, the penetration of such fads is visibly fewer. This is largely explained by the considerably larger population of older-generation Chinese (many of whom understand little or no English), lower levels of income, and the premium cost or lack of available real estate in many of the urban Chinatowns. Inadequate parking areas in the old Chinatowns are also usually important considerations. Coffeehouse in Damascus A coffeehouse, coffee shop, or café shares some of the characteristics of a bar, and some of the characteristics of a restaurant. ... Pearl milk tea typically found in Taiwan Bubble tea is a tea beverage that originated in Taiwan[1] in the 1980s. ... A Street Cafe, Jerusalem, Henry Fenn (1838- ): steel engraving in Picturesque Palestine, ca 1875 A coffeehouse, coffee shop, or café shares some of the characteristics of a bar, and some of the characteristics of a restaurant. ... Yugao-tei, Kanazawa Ihōan at Kōdai-ji in Kyoto Tchai-Ovna, Glasgow Tea houses are houses or parlors centered on drinking tea. ... Cellular redirects here. ... // This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... It has been suggested that Karaoke clubs in Sri Lanka be merged into this article or section. ... Asian people[1] is a demonym for people from Asia. ... Pearl milk tea Bubble tea, pearl milk tea (Chinese: 珍珠奶茶; pinyin: zhēnzhū nǎichá), or boba milk tea (波霸奶茶; bōbà nǎichá) is a tea beverage mixture with milk. ...

Many of the new quasi "Chinatowns" also have several retail chains and branches and this represents a relative interconnectedness between them. Several examples of well-known urban and suburban Chinese retail and restaurant chains include 99 Ranch Market (大華超級市場), Lollicup (樂立杯), China Trust Bank (美國中信銀行), Hong Kong Supermarket (香港超級市場), Tapioca Express (品客多), Sam Woo Restaurant, Q-Cup, Ten Ren Tea Co. Ltd. (天仁茗茶), and Ajiichiban (優之良品) in the United States and T & T Supermarket in Canada. 99 Ranch Market (also called Tawa Supermarket in its Chinese name, sometimes called Ranch 99 due to confusion based on its logo) is one of the largest Asian American supermarket chains in the United States. ... Lollicup is a Taiwanese American fast food chain specializing in boba tea, coffee, espresso, a large variety of fruit juices and slushes, and a variety of other Asian-style cold and hot teas. ... A Hong Kong Supermarket store in suburban Monterey Park, California Hong Kong Supermarket (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: ) is a growing Chinese American supermarket chain in the Los Angeles region of Southern California. ... Tapioca Express at Millbrae, California. ... Sam Woo Restaurant (三和) is a Chinese American restaurant chain that serves Hong Kong-style cuisine. ... Q-Cup is chain of cafes in the United States specializing in bubble tea. ... Ten Ren Tea Co. ... Aji Ichiban (Chinese: 優之良品) is one of the largest snack food franchises founded in Hong Kong. ... The main entrance to the T&T at Pacific Place Mall in Calgary. ...

In many urban and some older suburban Chinatowns, many Chinese seniors can be seen performing daily Tai Chi exercises in recreation parks in the early morning hours. Tai chi chuan (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: tàijíquán; Wade-Giles: tai4 chi2 chüan2) is an internal Chinese martial art often practiced with the aim of promoting health and longevity. ...

Locations and landmarks

In all major cities with older, albeit formally recognized, Chinatowns, many nearby freeways and expressways have off-ramp signs indicating and pointing to the older urban Chinatowns. Some cities provide directional signs to them along the way as well, such as in San Francisco. With no such signs leading to them, the suburban Chinatowns can be indistinguishable and more difficult to find without general coordinates. For example, Monterey Park and Rockville, Maryland do not have directional signs. However, some other new Chinatowns have directional signs such as in Las Vegas. Interstate 80 (Eastshore Freeway) in Berkeley, California: a typical American freeway (MUTCD definition) A freeway, also known as a highway, superhighway, autoroute, autobahn, autostrada, dual carriageway, expressway, Autosnelweg or motorway, depending on the country of discussion, is a type of road designed for safer high-speed operation of motor vehicles... Location within Los Angeles County in the state of California Coordinates: State California County Los Angeles County Mayor Betty Tom Chu Area    - City 19. ... Location in the State of Maryland Coordinates: Country United States State Maryland County Montgomery County Founded 1717 Incorporated 1860  - Mayor Larry Giammo Area    - City  13. ...

Many of the businesses are more clustered and centralized in the older, cramped Chinatowns, making it easier and suitable to walk between merchants; hence, they tend to have more pedestrian traffic. With a site and situation in downtown areas, street parking in many urban Chinatowns is often scarce, containing parking meters and paid parking lots, especially in the urban Chinatowns on weekends. In one instance, the business leaders of Vancouver's Chinatown have attempted to alleviate parking problems by financing the construction of a large multi-storey parking structure. Such parking problems sometimes cause "old" Chinatown businesses to lose customers and relocate to newer Chinatowns. Parking meter A parking meter is a device used to collect money in exchange for the right to park an automobile etc. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... For other uses, see Vancouver (disambiguation). ...

By contrast, the newer suburban Chinatowns, typically huge shopping centers with dedicated large free parking areas and structures, tend to be more dispersed, decentralized and spread out over a wider area, making it quite difficult to get around without viable transportation. Some of these new "Chinatowns" span a long stretch of linear street. Examples are the Golden Village along No. 3 Road in Richmond, B.C. (a suburb of Vancouver), the Bellaire Boulevard in Houston, Texas, the Rockville Pike in Rockville, Maryland, and Highway 7 and Kennedy Road in Toronto. A small sample of typical stores in the Golden Village. ... Richmond is an incorporated city on the Pacific coast of the Canadian province of British Columbia. ... For other uses, see Vancouver (disambiguation). ... “Houston” redirects here. ... Location in the State of Maryland Coordinates: Country United States State Maryland County Montgomery County Founded 1717 Incorporated 1860  - Mayor Larry Giammo Area    - City  13. ...

Ethnic origin of population

Early Chinese immigrants to urban Chinatowns were mostly from the Taishan area, close to Guangzhou in Guangdong province, China, and Zhongshan, near Macau. They were mainly impoverished male laborers who often left their family behind in China and some of the meager wages they earned in North America would be channeled back to their families. They immigrated to the U.S. and Canada in the 19th century. Because they lacked employment opportunities, they performed manual labor such as laying railroad tracks, working in the gold and coal mines of California and Yukon, working on farms and in factories, or operating dry goods stores or laundries. Taishan (台山; Mandarin: Táishān; Cantonese: Toisan; Taishanese: Hoisan, Other: Toishan, Toisaan) is a coastal county-level city in Guangdong Province, China. ... Guangzhou is the capital and the sub-provincial city of Guangdong Province in the southern part of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Guangdong, often spelt as Kwangtung, is a province on the south coast of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Statue of Sun Yat-sen in Sunwen Memorial Park. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... This is the top-level page of WikiProject trains Rail tracks Rail transport refers to the land transport of passengers and goods along railways or railroads. ... GOLD refers to one of the following: GOLD (IEEE) is an IEEE program designed to garner more student members at the university level (Graduates of the Last Decade). ... Coal Coal (IPA: ) is a fossil fuel formed in swamp ecosystems where plant remains were saved by water and mud from oxidization and biodegradation. ... Chuquicamata, the second largest open pit copper mine in the world, Chile. ... Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Largest metro area Greater Los Angeles Area  Ranked 3rd  - Total 158,302 sq mi (410,000 km²)  - Width 250 miles (400 km)  - Length 770 miles (1,240 km)  - % water 4. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... For other uses, see Farm (disambiguation). ... A request has been made on Wikipedia for this article to be deleted in accordance with the deletion policy. ...

Taishanese was the de facto official dialect of many Chinatowns, although there were also many Zhongshanese who dominated many businesses as well. Standard Cantonese later became the lingua franca among the groups. Today, while the old Chinatowns are still heavily populated by Taishanese and Cantonese people, the former is slowly being overshadowed by other Chinese dialects). Taishanese (台山話 Taishanese: Hoi4 saan6 wa1, Cantonese: toi4 saan1 wa6), or Seiyap, is a Chinese dialect (or group of very similar dialects) spoken in and around Taishan, in Guangdong province. ... Lingua franca, literally Frankish language in Italian, was originally a mixed language consisting largely of Italian plus a vocabulary drawn from Turkish, Persian, French, Greek and Arabic and used for communication throughout the Middle East. ...

As part of the American "melting pot" philosophy, most of the "assimilated" or Americanized second-generation and other descendants of the early immigrants have merged into the general non-Chinese population. Beginning in the 1970s, new ethnic Chinese immigrants from various areas of Asia have generally taken their place. Such immigrants had practically very little common ground with the already established old-time immigrants and Chinese Americans descended from earlier Taishanese migrants. Alternate meaning: crucible (science) The melting pot is a metaphor for the way in which heterogenous societies develop, in which the ingredients in the pot (iron, tin; people of different backgrounds and religions, etc. ...

In addition, many Vietnamese and other Southeast Asians, especially ethnic Chinese and also those of non-Chinese descent who speak Chinese, have also settled and established businesses in or nearby Chinatowns -- thus creating a unique mix of pan-Asian culture and heritage. Many, but not all, Chinese Vietnamese came primarily from the Cholon area - itself a Chinatown - of Ho Chi Minh City and other areas of southern Vietnam. The Chinese Vietnamese, in particular, have transformed the character of many old urban, and even the new suburban, Chinatowns by establishing small businesses in the Chinatowns in Los Angeles, Oakland, Montreal, and Toronto. In other cities, such as Philadelphia, entirely new urban Vietnamese "Chinatowns" have developed away from the "old" Chinatowns. Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ... Quan Am Pagoda, a famous Chinese temple in Cholon Cholon (Vietnamese: quoc ngu ; chu nom ) is the name of the Chinese district of Ho Chi Minh City (the former Saigon), the largest such Chinatown district in Vietnam. ... City skyline Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnamese: Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh  ) is the largest city in Vietnam and is located near the Mekong Delta. ... Flag Seal Nickname: City of Angels Location Location within Los Angeles County in the state of California Coordinates , Government State County California Los Angeles County Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa (D) Geographical characteristics Area     City 1,290. ... “Oakland” redirects here. ... Nickname: Motto: Concordia Salus (well-being through harmony) Coordinates: , Country Province Founded 1642 Established 1832 Government  - Mayor Gérald Tremblay Area [1][2][3]  - City 365. ...

Chinese Vietnamese establishments are not always readily apparent, inasmuch as some Chinese Vietnamese storekeepers and restaurateurs do not use the Vietnamese language on their signage, but rather primarily use Chinese. In fact, many Chinese Vietnamese from Cholon speak very little or no Vietnamese; many rarely encountered a non-Chinese speaker while in Vietnam. With an increase in both ethnic Vietnamese and Chinese Vietnamese businesses in Chinatowns, they have been derisively called "Vietnamtowns" or "Little Saigons". A typical restaurant in uptown Manhattan A restaurant is an establishment that serves prepared food and beverages to be consumed on the premises. ... // Little Saigon is a name given to any of several overseas Vietnamese immigrant and descendant communities outside Vietnam, usually in the United States. ...

Due to several perceived socioeconomic, cultural, and linguistic differences between the Mandarin-speaking Taiwanese and Cantonese-speaking Chinatown inhabitants (the latter being old-generation immigrants from southern Mainland China), there has been very little Taiwanese immigration to the old predominantly Cantonese Chinatowns as explained below.

In another changing dynamic, several old Chinatowns - once strongholds of those of southern Chinese descent-are undergoing so-called "Mandarinization" as more Mainland Chinese immigrants move into the Chinatowns of San Francisco. (Source: Seattle Post-Intelligencer)

Decline of urban Chinatowns

As early Chinese immigrant laborers were laid off after the completion of the transcontinental railroad system, most rural Chinatowns or similar settlements were disbanded as residents joined their Chinese immigrant counterparts by relocating to the urban Chinatowns, notably in San Francisco, and also established new ones further to the east. From the 1880s onward, Chinese Americans began to spread out from the West and the Rocky Mountains to the Eastern seaboard region of the United States, where new Chinatowns were formed. This is the top-level page of WikiProject trains Rail tracks Rail transport refers to the land transport of passengers and goods along railways or railroads. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ...

While some old Chinatowns continue to thrive, Chinatowns in many North American medium-sized towns and urban cities have declined or disappeared. Some examples include San Jose, California; Detroit, Michigan; Denver, Colorado; New Orleans, Louisiana; and Monterey, California. The Chinatown of Stockton, California is now only a one-block residential area. In the 1880s, some early urban Chinatowns were destroyed during race riots. Later, aging Chinatowns were demolished as part of urban renewal projects. For other uses, see San José. Nickname: Location of San Jose within Santa Clara County, California. ... “Detroit” redirects here. ... Nickname: Location of Denver in Colorado Location of Colorado in the United States Coordinates: , Country United States State Colorado City-County Denver (coextensive) Founded [1] November 22, 1858 Incorporated November 7, 1861 Government  - Type Strong Mayor/Weak Council  - Mayor John Hickenlooper (D) Area [1]  - City & County  154. ... NOLA redirects here. ... For other uses, see Monterey (disambiguation). ... Nickname: Motto: Stocktons Great, Take A Look! Location in the state of California Coordinates: Country United States State California County San Joaquin County Incorporated 1850 Government  - Mayor Edward J. Chavez  - City Manager J. Gordon Palmer, Jr. ... A race riot is any riot which occurs due to real or perceived inequality or oppression between members of different races. ... 1999 photograph looking northeast on Chicagos now demolished Cabrini-Green housing project, one of many urban renewal efforts. ...

Urban Chinatowns typically provide services for the larger community. As the population of Chinatowns decreased by the 1940s, largely due to immigration restrictions, there were not enough residents to sustain the Chinatowns.

Chinatown Gentrifcation

This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please discuss this issue on the talk page or replace this tag with a more specific message. This article has been tagged since December 2005.

One issue of recent salience in Chinatowns across North America is gentrification. In those cities with older Chinatowns, governments are looking to renovate those neighborhoods which have been affected by urban decay. This issue can be found in a wide variety of Chinatowns across the region with a variety of outcomes. Often, Chinatowns confronted with this issue will publicly protest redevelopment efforts (for example, those in San Francisco, Philadelphia, and Boston), while less vocal Chinatowns will slowly gentrify as redevelopment takes hold. Image File history File links Broom_icon. ... The tone or style of this article or section may not be appropriate for Wikipedia. ... Urban decay and renewal in Cincinnati Urban decay is the popular term for both the physical and social degeneration of cities and large towns. ...

Rise of satellite Chinatowns

The new Chinatowns, formed starting in the 1970s and continuing through the 90s, occurred when a new wave of Chinese immigrants began coming, mainly from Taiwan and Fujian. These new immigrants, who spoke Mandarin and Hokkien, generally did not find the old Chinatowns attractive as they were deemed overcrowded, congested with traffic, and located in poorer inner-city neighborhoods. Additionally, the high-tech boom in Taiwan and political uncertainty in Hong Kong drove some investors to develop new Chinese communities across North America. This process would often begin with building Chinese or pan-Asian supermarkets or strip malls (with authentic eateries, boutiques, travel agents, video rental stores, and professional services), which in turn would lead new immigrants to settle nearby, that in turn expanding the new Chinatown. Immigration is the act of moving to or settling in another country or region, temporarily or permanently. ...   (Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Fu-chien; Postal map spelling: Fukien, Foukien; local transliteration Hokkien from Min Nan Hok-kiàn) is one of the provinces on the southeast coast of the Peoples Republic of China. ... This article is on all of the Northern and Southwestern Chinese dialects. ... Mǐn Nán (Chinese: 閩南語), also spelt as Minnan or Min-nan; native name Bân-lâm-gú; literally means Southern Min or Southern Fujian and refers to the local language/dialect of southern Fujian province, China. ... Exterior of a typical British supermarket (a Tesco Extra) Exterior of typical North American supermarket (a Safeway) This Flagship Randalls store in Houston, Texas is an example of an upscale supermarket. ... Example of a small strip mall. A strip mall (also called a plaza) is a shopping center where the stores are arranged in a row, with a sidewalk in front. ...

These new communities, being in generally more suburban areas, were attractive to both new immigrants and younger second-generation citizens from older Chinatowns. These new satellite Chinatowns have been called suburban Chinatowns and mini-Chinatowns, despite the fact that many people in these communities do not embrace those terms due to the negative connotations and perceptions attached to the Chinatown.

Neighborhood evolution

In the Urban District and the Suburban setting

Some commercial districts in urban communities, having generally been given up to the effects of urban decay, have attracted some Chinese entrepreneurs to start up businesses in order to take advantage of low costs of rent. This development in turn led to the creation of new Chinatowns within the already existing urban framework. Some examples of this phenomenon include the Golden Village in suburban Vancouver, the Richmond neighborhood of San Francisco, the Flushing neighborhood of Queens, and Bellaire Boulevard in Houston. A small sample of typical stores in the Golden Village. ... For other uses, see Vancouver (disambiguation). ...

Some of these developments are taking place in neighborhoods traditionally associated with other ethnic groups, specifically those that are Caucasian (for example, Italians or Irish). Through the phenomenon known as white flight, these neighborhoods came to be reestablished as Chinatowns. This method of Chinatown development can be seen across the English-speaking world (see also: Chinatowns in Australasia), also expanding into areas that have not traditionally had Chinatowns, such as in Oklahoma City and Atlanta, Georgia. For the peoples actually from the Caucasus, see Peoples of the Caucasus. ... White flight is a term for the demographic trend where working- and middle-class white people move away from increasingly racially mixed inner-city neighborhoods to predominantly white suburbs and exurbs. ... This article discusses Chinatowns in Australasia and Oceania. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Nickname: Location in Fulton and DeKalb counties in the state of Georgia Coordinates: , Country State Counties Fulton, DeKalb Government  - Mayor Shirley Franklin (D) Area  - City  132. ...

Architecture and attractions

Although the popular image of Chinatown is urban and crowded, the new Chinatowns of Monterey Park, Spring Mountain Road in Las Vegas, and Bellaire Boulevard in Houston have quite interesting and unique architecture which is a mixture of freestanding storefronts, large shopping centers and shopping malls found in American suburbia and traditional Chinese motifs. This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Housing subdivision near Union, Kentucky, a suburb of Cincinnati, Ohio. ...

Interestingly, tourist guides (e.g., bus and walking tours), Internet sites, and travel publications (including those published by official city, state, and provincial visitor's bureaus) invariably refer to the more traditional old Chinatowns without mentioning the much larger, modern and vibrant new Chinatowns.

Many urban Chinatown-based development and visitors bureaus maintain official tourist-oriented Web sites containing extensive lists of Chinatown businesses, maps, and upcoming events. A large number of less-touristy satellite/suburban Chinatowns do not have such sites. Please see external links at the end of this article for several examples of them. This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Professionalism and occupations

The Chinese in the new Chinatowns, many of whom are wealthy professionals, tend not to be isolated from the rest of American society^{[citation needed]} , and the institutions of the new Chinatowns, such as Asian Chambers of Commerce, are much less powerful. Also, in contrast to Chinese immigrants of the 19th century, there are large numbers of Chinese who live outside of Chinatown in suburbia. In contrast to the old urban Chinatowns, many, if not all, of the Chinese living in these communities—especially Chinese American executives, computer programmers, bankers, doctors, dentists, lawyers, real estate agents, college professors—are able to communicate more fluently in English as well as Chinese (whether Mandarin or Cantonese). Ethnic Chinese living in the urban and suburban Chinatowns with limited English proficiency tend to start small family-run businesses such as small Chinese bakeries, restaurants, discount stores, video rental stores (specializing in Chinese-language films), bookstores (dealing in Chinese-language media), and curios shops. Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... In computing, a programmer is someone who does computer programming and develops computer software. ... For other uses, see Bank (disambiguation). ... X-rays can reveal if a person has cavities Dentistry is the practical application of knowledge of dental science (the science of placement, arrangement, function of teeth) to human beings. ... For the fish called lawyer, see Burbot. ... In the United States and parts of the Commonwealth (including Canada and Australia) as well as in many other countries, a real estate agent is a person who advises and represents others in transactions involving real estate. ...

Politics and activism

Flags of the Republic of China (foreground), People's Republic of China (middleground), and United States (background) can be seen flying atop adjacent buildings in San Francisco Chinatown. Most benevolent associations in San Francisco continue to fly the flag of the Republic of China due to their close relations with the KMT.

The North America headquarters of the Kuomintang is located in San Francisco Chinatown, directly across the street from the Chinese Six Companies.

The "Happy Happy Happy..." Man has been a regular promoting Chinese nationalism in San Francisco's Chinatown since the 1970s.

In the 1900s, the U.S.-educated democratic revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen (called Dr. Sun Zhongshan in China) visited many old Chinatowns to gain moral and financial support of Chinese Americans for his cause in overthrowing the ruling, although weakening and crumbling, Qing Dynasty government and to gain support for his fledging Kuomintang, a pan-Chinese establishment, that prior to 1949 was based in Mainland China. The Chinese Americans greatly lent support to Sun. Many Chinatowns have honored Dr. Sun's work through erecting statues, botanical gardens, and naming Chinese-language schools in his name, and generally displaying the Republic of China flag (with a white sun and red and blue colors). Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1024x768, 45 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Flag of the Republic of China Chinatown patterns in North America Metadata This file contains additional information, probably... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1024x768, 45 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Flag of the Republic of China Chinatown patterns in North America Metadata This file contains additional information, probably... For the Chinese civilization, see China. ... Flag of Taiwan redirects here. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (768x1024, 97 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Kuomintang Chinatown patterns in North America Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (768x1024, 97 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Kuomintang Chinatown patterns in North America Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera... Download high resolution version (1024x768, 156 KB)Photo taken December 2000 by Allen Timothy Chang This person appears in a variety of places in the San Francisco Bay area chanting Happy, happy, happy, everybodys happy. ... Download high resolution version (1024x768, 156 KB)Photo taken December 2000 by Allen Timothy Chang This person appears in a variety of places in the San Francisco Bay area chanting Happy, happy, happy, everybodys happy. ... The May Fourth Movement in 1919 marked a turning point in the history of Chinese nationalism. ... Sun Yat-sen (November 12, 1866 – March 12, 1925) was a Chinese revolutionary and political leader often referred to as the father of modern China. Sun played an instrumental role in the eventual overthrow of the Qing Dynasty in 1911. ... Flag (1890-1912) Anthem Gong Jinou (1911) Territory of Qing China in 1892 Capital Shengjing (1636-1644) Beijing (1644-1912) Language(s) Chinese Manchu Mongolian Government Monarchy Emperor  - 1636-1643 Huang Taiji  - 1908-1912 Xuantong Emperor Prime Minister  - 1911 Yikuang  - 1911-1912 Yuan Shikai History  - Establishment of the Late... The Kuomintang of China (abbreviation KMT) (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Tongyong Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chung1-kuo2 Kuo2-min2-tang3) [1], also often translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party, is a political party in the Republic of China, now on Taiwan, and is currently the largest political party in...

The Kuomintang also maintained local branches in several Chinatowns. During the World War II, Chinatown leaders from the CCBA also supported the Republic of China under Chiang Kai-shek in its campaign against the invading Japan. Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Chiang Kai-shek (October 31, 1887 – April 5, 1975) was the Chinese military and political leader who assumed the leadership of the Kuomintang (KMT) after the death of Sun Yat-sen in 1925. ...

There are also differences in the relationships between the Chinatowns and various Chinese political actors. Chinese politics in many old Chinatowns were dominated by the Kuomintang party tied to Taiwan. In newer Chinatowns, there are significant numbers of supporters of Taiwan independence who were estranged from the Republic of China government before the 1990s but who have been drawn much closer since the mid-1990s as the government on Taiwan has become more localized. Until the mid-1980s, the People's Republic of China generally ignored the Chinatowns in the United States as they were bastions of Kuomintang support, but more recently the PRC has made a stronger and somewhat successful attempt to gain sympathy and influence within American Chinatowns. In particular, the PRC has made a strong effort to court supporters of the Kuomintang who have become disenchanted with the movement that the ROC government is making toward Taiwan independence. Taiwan independence (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: , Pe̍h-oē-jī: Tâi-oân To̍k-li̍p ūn-tōng; abbreviated to 台獨, Táidú, Tâi-to̍k) is a political movement whose goal is primarily to create an independent and sovereign Republic of Taiwan out of the... For the Chinese civilization, see China. ... The Kuomintang of China (abbreviation KMT) (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Tongyong Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chung1-kuo2 Kuo2-min2-tang3) [1], also often translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party, is a political party in the Republic of China, now on Taiwan, and is currently the largest political party in... The Kuomintang of China (abbreviation KMT) (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Tongyong Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chung1-kuo2 Kuo2-min2-tang3) [1], also often translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party, is a political party in the Republic of China, now on Taiwan, and is currently the largest political party in... Taiwan independence (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: , Pe̍h-oē-jī: Tâi-oân To̍k-li̍p ūn-tōng; abbreviated to 台獨, Táidú, Tâi-to̍k) is a political movement whose goal is primarily to create an independent and sovereign Republic of Taiwan out of the...

Both the People's Republic of China and Republic of China governments tend to be established in cities with large Chinese populations and both attempt to maintain close relationships with leaders of Chinatowns. Mainland China has am overseas office and Taiwan is represented through the Taipei Economic and Cultural Office. In San Francisco's Chinatown, in particular, there has been fighting between the Mainland China and Taiwan. Formerly a bastion of KMT following, most of San Francisco's Chinese have shifted allegiances with China and the support of the Kuomintang in several Chinatowns have generally declined. This is due to fact that ethnic Chinese have ancestral ties to villages in Mainland China as well as its growing economic clout. The Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office (TECRO), sometimes known as Taipei Representative Offices, are de facto embassies and consulates of the Republic of China (Taiwan) in countries that do not have official relations with the ROC because of relations with the Peoples Republic of China, but have nevertheless...

In mid-2004, Kuomintang loyalists staged a mass protest at the behest of Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association Los Angeles Chinatown to demand a recount of the contested Chen Shui-bian election. Chen Shui-bian, President of the Republic of China Chen Shui-bian (ch. ...

Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association

Another major part of the political structure of Chinatowns is the conservative Chinatown elite of the Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association (Chinese Six Companies), which acts as a semi-government for Chinatowns. The CCBA first started in San Francisco's Chinatown in 1882 and later that year the Manhattan Chinatown chapter was formed. The CCBA is comprised of Chinatown business owners. The Chinese Six Companies (Chinese:六大公司) or Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association (Chinese:中華公所) or Chong Wa Benevolent Association (Chinese:中華會館) is a historical Chinese Association established in various parts of the United States with large populations of Chinese. ...

The CCBA is ethnocentric in its outlook as it operates Chinese-language schools and Chinese cultural events. During the U.S. civil rights era of the 1960s, the conservative CCBA were often at odds with the more radical and militant U.S.-born Chinese American activists. The civil rights era also coincides with the large influx of poor working-class Hong Kong Chinese immigrants that were living and working in poor conditions in San Francisco Chinatown during the 1960s.

The CCBA has support for the Kuomintang and flies the flag of the Republic of China above its buildings. The Kuomintang of China (abbreviation KMT) (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Tongyong Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chung1-kuo2 Kuo2-min2-tang3) [1], also often translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party, is a political party in the Republic of China, now on Taiwan, and is currently the largest political party in... Flag of Taiwan redirects here. ...

Establishment of local chapters of the CCBA in major Chinatowns

• Portland - 1887
• Chicago - 1906
• Los Angeles - 1907
• Boston - 1912
• Seattle - 1918
• Houston - 1935
• Oakland - 1936

Media

There are several large and influential Chinese-language newspapers in North America, which serve the Chinese-American and Chinese Canadian readership. There are the Taiwanese-owned pro-Kuomintang World Journal and the liberal International Daily News, the Hong Kong-based Sing Tao Daily and Ming Pao, Zhong Guo Daily News, and The Epoch Times (a pro-Falun Gong newspaper). These newspapers have a large circulation and are sold or circulated gratis in many still-thriving Chinatowns and in suburban Chinese communities. World Journal (Chinese: 世界日報; pinyin: shì jiè rì bào) is a daily Chinese language newspaper serving overseas Chinese in North America. ... International Daily News is a Taiwanese-owned major Chinese-language newspaper in North America and Indonesia. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Ming Pao (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Jyutping ming4 bou3; Hanyu Pinyin: míngbào), a Chinese language newspaper, is a publication by the Ming Pao Group in Hong Kong. ... The Epoch Times (Simplified Chinese: 大纪元; Traditional Chinese: 大紀元; Pinyin: Dàjìyuán) is a privately owned, general-interest, Falun Gong-linked newspaper[1]. According to their own statement the founding Chinese-language Epoch Times started publishing in response to the growing demand for uncensored coverage of events in China and... Falun Gong, (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; literally Practice of the Wheel of Law) also known as Falun Dafa, (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; lit. ...

Many suburban Chinese immigrant communities are served by cable and satellite Chinese-language stations beamed from Mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong, such as the Cantonese-language Jade Channel (TVB) and Mandarin-language ETTV, China Television (CTV), and the mainland-Chinese Chinese Central Television (CCTV). These stations feature lengthy television drama series and feature Chinese-language films. Some satellite Taiwanese stations have a 24-hour all-news format. Call-in programs with "talking heads" and pundits on Taiwanese politics are major features of Taiwanese-based networks and are likely to affect the overseas Taiwanese vote. Eastern Television (ETTV, Traditional Chinese: ) is a television channel in the Republic of China on Taiwan that is operated by the Eastern Broadcasting Group, which also operates the online news site ETtoday. ... China Television Co. ... China Central Television or Chinese Central Television, or CCTV (Chinese: 中国中央电视台 pinyin: Zhōngguó Zhōngyāng Diànshìtái), is the major broadcast television network in Mainland China. ...

There are also many large and smaller Chinese-language newspapers, broadcasts, and telephone book (Chinese yellow pages listing Chinese-owned businesses in a certain area) companies. In telephony, a telephone directory is a listing of telephone subscribers in a geographical area or subscribers to services provided by the organisation that publishes the directory. ...

The World Journal newspaper is widely read among pro-unification Taiwanese and the Mainland Chinese and it has large following in the United Staates. With strong emphasis on Taiwanese politics, the writing style of this newspaper tends to be very formal, which Hong Kong Chinese immigrants sometimes find daunting.

Sing Tao Daily is read by the Cantonese-speaking Hong Kong immigrant population. The writing of Sing Tao tends to be more colloqual.

The free Epoch Times newspaper is mainly focused on news of Falun Gong and strongly anti-communist. Falun Gong, (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; literally Practice of the Wheel of Law) also known as Falun Dafa, (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; lit. ...

Inter-Chinatown transportation

A commercial phenomenon that has arisen in the last several years on the East Coast of the United States is that of the Chinatown bus lines, which provide discounted and competitive fares and flexible schedules between many major different Chinatowns. A major example of such bus line is the Fung Wah Bus. Such services started out catering to the local Chinatown community, with the first route linking New York and Boston, but have generally become a favorite of travelers of all ethnicities as well. Regional definitions vary from source to source. ... Passengers waiting at the Fung Wah Lines ticket window on Canal Street and the Bowery in Manhattan Chinatown bus lines, also called 野雞車 (yě jī chē, which translates as wild chicken trucks) in Chinese, refers to the private transportation industry that has arisen in the Chinatown communities of the East Coast...

Following the successes of the East Coast bus lines, similar services are occurring on the West Coast, albeit on a smaller scale. There are bus services connecting the Chinatowns and suburban ethnic Chinese communities of the San Francisco Bay area, the Greater Los Angeles area, and Las Vegas. The bus stops are typically at a parking lot of a Chinese supermarket. One major West Coast bus line offering such service is Bravo Travel.

Intra-Chinese diversity

Although the common image and belief of Chinatown is that of a homogeneous and harmonious group of people and the popular belief that all Chinatowns inhabitants are mainly from "China", the backgrounds and experiences of most residents and business owners are diverse. Chinatown residents may share Chinese ancestry but differ in many respects. Some are descendants of original settlers. There can be linguistic and intergenerational gaps as demonstrated in the 1960s with the arrival of working-class immigrants from Hong Kong. Additionally, in the late 1970s, there were ethnic Chinese from Vietnam, many arriving as poverty-strickened boat people but many have established businesses in the already-established Chinatowns of Honolulu, Los Angeles, Oakland, Houston, Boston, Chicago, and so on, where these Chinatowns now have a Southeast Asian dynamic. Most immigrants from Taiwan have generally not settled in old Chinatowns, but tended to establish and settle in new ones (as immigration from Taiwan has trickled, many of these Chinatowns are being settled by immigrants from Mainland China). The Hoa (Vietnamese: Viet Hoa, Chu Nom/Chinese character: 華, Mandarin: Yuènán huárén (越南華人), Cantonese: yuet naam wah kiu (越南華僑)) also referred to as either Chinese Vietnamese, Vietnamese Chinese, Sino-Vietnamese, or ethnic Chinese from Vietnam, are a Chinese minority in Vietnam. ...

Immigration trends in North America

The major cities of Vancouver, Houston, Washington D.C, Los Angeles, New York City, San Francisco, and Toronto continue to be magnets for Chinese-speaking immigrants. Generally speaking, there has been very little Asian immigration to the Midwest (with exception to the Chicago and the Minneapolis/St. Paul areas) and Southern states of the United States and certainly the Maritime provinces of Canada. However, there has been major internal Chinese migration from the major cities of New York, Los Angeles, and San Francisco to Houston, Texas, Atlanta, Georgia and Miami, Florida. This article refers to the city in British Columbia, Canada. ... “Houston” redirects here. ... Aerial photo (looking NW) of the Washington Monument and the White House in Washington, DC. Washington, D.C., officially the District of Columbia (also known as D.C.; Washington; the Nations Capital; the District; and, historically, the Federal City) is the capital city and administrative district of the United... Los Angeles and L.A. redirect here. ... Midtown Manhattan, looking north from the Empire State Building, 2005 New York City (officially named the City of New York) is the most populous city in the state of New York and the entire United States. ... “San Francisco” redirects here. ... Template:Hide = Motto: Template:Unhide = Diversity Our Strength Image:Toronto, Ontario Location. ... Nickname: Motto: Urbs in Horto (Latin: City in a Garden), I Will Location in the Chicago metro area and Illinois Coordinates: , Country State Counties Cook, DuPage Settled 1770s Incorporated March 4, 1837 Government  - Mayor Richard M. Daley (D) Area  - City  234. ... This article is about the Minneapolis-St. ... The U.S. Southern states or the South, also known colloquially as Dixie, constitute a distinctive region covering a large portion of the United States, with its own unique heritage, historical perspective, customs, musical styles, and cuisine. ... The Maritimes or Maritime provinces are a region of Canada on the Atlantic coast, consisting of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. ... “Houston” redirects here. ... Nickname: Location in Fulton and DeKalb counties in the state of Georgia Coordinates: , Country State Counties Fulton, DeKalb Government  - Mayor Shirley Franklin (D) Area  - City  132. ... “Miami” redirects here. ...

From the late 1970s to the mid-1980s, substantial waves of Taiwanese immigrants arrived primarily to the United States, mostly to the Los Angeles area and Silicon Valley of California. While there has been Taiwanese immigration to Canada, it has been in relatively smaller amounts compared with the large numbers of immigration from Hong Kong. A view of downtown San Jose, the self-proclaimed Capital of Silicon Valley. ...

Taiwan's economy vastly improved and the democratic reforms took hold. Therefore, by the late 1990s, immigration from Taiwan began to decrease, and new Chinese immigrants now generally consist of two groups: well-educated professionals from the People's Republic of China, who tend to work in high-tech areas, and legal citizens and undocumented aliens from Fujian province working mostly in unskilled service industries. Most mainland Chinese are heavily concentrated in the New York City area, especially the working-class Fujianese population, and the Los Angeles area. According to The New York Times, many illegal immigrants from Fujian to the United States are said to be smuggled through Canada and Mexico.   (Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Fu-chien; Postal map spelling: Fukien, Foukien; local transliteration Hokkien from Min Nan Hok-kiàn) is one of the provinces on the southeast coast of the Peoples Republic of China. ... The New York Times is a daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed internationally. ...

An influx of working-class Hong Kong immigrants—many of whom were Mainland Chinese immigrants from the Taishan and other areas of Guangdong province who settled in Hong Kong for several years before moving on—arrived to the United States during much of the late 1960s and 1970s. In recent years, however, there has been relatively little immigration into the United States from Hong Kong, with most emigrants from Hong Kong ending up in Canada, usually Vancouver, British Columbia. This article refers to the city in British Columbia, Canada. ...

In the U.S., this change is a result of stricter requirements and the limited U.S. immigration quota (approximately 5,000 per year; formerly 600 per year in the pre-Reagan era) allotted for the SAR, compared to 20,000 per year for a country. However, this negates the fact that some Hong Kong Chinese immigrate to Canada, reside and become citizens there for several years, and then resettle in the United States in indirect immigration, so to speak. These Chinese Canadian immigrants have blended in with the Chinese American population. Reagan, an Irish surname, may refer to: // Ronald Reagan, the 40th President of The United States Nancy Reagan, the wife of Ronald Reagan and influential First Lady Ron Reagan, President Reagans son and liberal journalist Michael Reagan, President Reagans son and conservative talk show host Maureen Reagan, President... Special administrative region may be: Peoples Republic of China Special administrative regions, present-day administrative divisions (as of 2006) set up by the Peoples Republic of China to administer Hong Kong (since 1997) and Macau (since 1999) Republic of China Special administrative regions, also translated as special administrative...

In addition, after the Vietnam War, the immigration of ethnic Chinese Vietnamese refugees, some of whom represented the Vietnamese bourgeoisie as well as former farmers and fishers and were poor upon arrival, had steadily increased during the 1980s. The Chinese Vietnamese speak Cantonese and/or Teochew (Pinyin: Chaozhou) as well as fluent Vietnamese and this group provides a stark contrast to the generally well-educated and affluent Taiwanese and Hong Kong immigrants. Several Chinese Vietnamese have established themselves. Combatants Republic of Vietnam United States Republic of Korea Thailand Australia New Zealand The Philippines National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam Democratic Republic of Vietnam People’s Republic of China Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea Strength US 1,000,000 South Korea 300,000 Australia 48,000... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Teochew dialect (Diō-jiu-oē, Chinese:潮州话, Hanyu Pinyin: Cháozhōuhuà, Teochiu or Tiuchiu), is a Chinese language and dialect of Minnan spoken in a region of eastern Guangdong refered to as Chaoshan. ...

Ethnic Chinese immigration from Malaysia, Indonesia and Singapore to the United States has been somewhat more limited.

With figures based on the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services, New York City (including Flushing, New York) remained the top choice of immigrants from the People's Republic of China. Meanwhile the San Francisco Bay Area continues to be the most popular United States destination for Hong Kong immigrants. San Francisco's Sunset & Richmond Districts; Millbrae; and the East Bay cities of Fremont, San Leandro & Milpitas contain large populations of Hong Kong Chinese although sizable populations of Hong Kong immigrants can also be found in other Bay Area suburbs. Throughout the 1980s, the Los Angeles cities of Monterey Park (and the San Gabriel Valley) and Silicon Valley region attracted more Taiwanese. They now attract mainly new Mainland Chinese and a smaller number of Hong Kong immigrants. Nonetheless the San Gabriel Valley cities of Arcadia, Temple City, Hacienda Heights, Rowland Heights, Diamond Bar, and Walnut; Irvine in Orange County; and the Silicon Valley cities of San Jose, Cupertino, and Mountain View have large populations of Taiwanese Immigrants today. The United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is a bureau in the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS). ... Flushing is a section of the borough of Queens in New York City, New York. ... USGS satellite photo of the San Francisco Bay Area. ... “San Francisco” redirects here. ... The Outer Sunset from Grand View Park The Sunset District is a neighborhood in the west-central part of San Francisco, California, USA that is primarily residential and is built along a grid pattern. ... Geary Boulevard, looking eastward from 36th Avenue The Richmond District is a neighborhood in the northwest corner of San Francisco, California. ... General view of Millbrae Millbrae is a city in San Mateo County, California, United States. ... A satellite image of the East Bay The East Bay is a subregion of the San Francisco Bay Area, California, United States and is comprised of Alameda and Contra Costa Counties. ... Fremont (IPA: ) is a city in California that was incorporated on January 23, 1956, from the merger of five smaller communities: Centerville, Irvington, Mission San Jose, Niles, and Warm Springs. ... San Leandro is a city in Alameda County, California, United States. ... Location in Santa Clara County and the state of California Country State County Santa Clara Government  - Mayor Jose Joe Esteves Area  - City 13. ... San Gabriel Valley within Southern California The San Gabriel Valley is one of the principal valleys of southern California. ...

Canada offers easy entry for any family rich enough to invest in the Canadian economy. One can practically buy a citizenship by opening a small business in Canada. Toronto overall has received more Hong Kong immigrants than Vancouver. However given the size of Vancouver's overall population especially when compared to Toronto's overall population, the large number of Hong Kong emigrants have a greater feel and impact in Vancouver especially in the suburbs of Richmond, Burnaby, Coquitlam, Kerrisdale, etc. However, Hong Kong immigration has topped off. Vancouver for a short period of time in the mid 90s was the top destination for the large number of Taiwanese immigrants arriving in the city. However just like Hong Kong immigrants have slowed today, immigration into Canada from Taiwan has been small in numbers as well these days. Statistics from Citizenship and Immigration Canada reveals that Toronto is consistently ranks as the main destination for the Mainland Chinese, with Vancouver ranking second. A small business may be defined as a business with a small number of employees. ... This article refers to the city in British Columbia, Canada. ... The Department of Citizenship and Immigration Canada is the department of the government of Canada with responsibility for issues dealing with immigration and citizenship. ...

Some of the older Chinatowns continue to attract naturalized working class mainland Chinese and Southeast Asian Chinese immigrant families. In some cases, many families often use them as a starting point for later integration and social mobility into North American society. Naturalization is the process whereby a person becomes a national of a nation, or a citizen of a country, other than the one of his birth. ... The term working class is used to denote a social class. ...

Sources: United States Citizenship and Immigration Services, Citizenship and Immigration Canada