Chinatowns in Latin America (Spanish: barrios chinos, singular barrio chino) developed with the rise of Chinese immigration in the 19th century to various countries in Latin America as contract laborers (i.e., indentured servants) in agricultural and fishing industries. Most came from Guangdong Province. Since the 1970s, the new arrivals have typically hailed from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan. Latin American Chinatowns may include the descendants of original migrants — often of mixed Chinese and Latino parentage — and more recent immigrants from East Asia. Most ethnic Chinese in Latin America are of Cantonese and Hakka origin. This article is about sections of an urban area associated with a large number of Chinese residents or commercial activities. ... This article discusses Chinatowns in Africa. ... Chinatowns in Asia are widespread with a large concentration of overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia and ethnic Chinese whose ancestors came from southern China - particularly the provinces of Guangdong, Fujian, and Hainan - and settled in countries such as Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam... This article discusses Chinatowns in Europe. ... The prevalence of Chinatowns in the Middle East can be attributed to the many Chinese Muslims living in the Middle East. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Chinatown patterns in North America. ... Chinatown in San Francisco This article discusses Chinatown patterns in North America. ... This article discusses Chinatowns in Oceania. ... Overseas Chinese are Chinese people who live outside China. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... Latin America consists of the countries of South America and some of North America (including Central America and some the islands of the Caribbean) whose inhabitants mostly speak Romance languages, although Native American languages are also spoken. ... An indentured servant is a labourer under contract (an indenture--explained below) to work (for a specified amount of time) for another person or a company/corporation, often without any monetary pay, but in exchange for accommodation, food, other essentials, training, or passage to a new country. ... Fishing is the activity of hunting for fish by hooking, trapping, or gathering animals not classifiable as insects which breathe in water or pass their lives in water. ... Guangdong (Simplified Chinese: 广东; Traditional Chinese: 廣東; pinyin: Guǎngdōng; Wade-Giles: Kuang-tung; Kwangtung in older transliteration; Cantonese: gwong2 dung1), is a province on the south coast of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Latino (and the form Latina for females), as used in American English, generally refers to a United States national of Latin American descent, especially Hispanic American heritage. ... East Asia is a subregion of Asia that can be defined in either geographical or cultural terms. ... Cantonese people (Traditional Chinese: 廣東人; Simplified Chinese: 广东人; Pinyin: GuÇŽngdōng rén; Jyutping: gwong2 dung1 yan4), broadly speaking, are persons originating from the present-day Guangdong province in southern China. ... Henan, Shanxi, Guangdong, Jiangxi and Fujian provinces The Hakka are a subgroup of the Han Chinese people who live predominantly in the provinces of Guangdong, Jiangxi, and Fujian in China. ...

Unlike the Chinatowns of Anglo America and Europe, pure-blood ethnic Chinese are relatively few in number due to generally lower levels of Chinese immigration to some parts of Latin America. Residents of Latin American Chinatowns tend to speak a mixture of Chinese and Spanish. Latin America's Chinatowns include those of Mexico City, Havana, Buenos Aires, and Peru. Some of these Chinatowns mainly serve as tourist attractions and not as true, living ethnic communities. The Chinatown of Havana, Cuba's is largely multi-generation Spanish-speaking Chinese Cuban whereas the Chinatown of the Belgrano district of Buenos Aires, Argentina consists of many first-generation Mandarin-speaking immigrants from Taiwan. The term Anglo-America is used to describe those parts of North America in which English is the main language. ... World map showing Europe A satellite composite image of Europe Europe is one of the seven traditional continents of the Earth. ... Nickname: Country Mexico State Federal District Founded (as Tenochtitlan) 1325 Head of Government Marcelo Ebrard (PRD) Area    - City 1,479 1 km² Elevation 2,240 m Population (2005)  - City 8,720,916  - Density 5,741/km²  - Urban 19,411,000 Time zone Central Time zone (UTC-6) 1 Area of... Havana (Spanish (IPA pronunciation: ) in full: Ciudad de La Habana, formerly named San Cristóbal de La Habana; UN/LOCODE: CU HAV) is the capital of Cuba. ... BUE redirects here. ...

Politically, several nations of Latin America - including Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, and Panama - recognize the government of the Republic of China in Taiwan. A Chinese arch was presented as a gift to the Barrio Chino of Panama City, following the visit of Panama by the then Taiwanese President Lee Teng-hui. After the major official visit by the Cuban Revolution's Fidel Castro to the People's Republic of China in 1995, materials were given for the new Chinese arch on Calle Dragone in Havana's Barrio Chino. Today the country officially known as the Republic of China (ROC) is commonly known by the international community as Taiwan and occasionally as Chinese Taipei. It should not be confused with the other country officially known as the Peoples Republic of China (PRC), which is commonly known as China. ... This is a Chinese name; the family name is 李 (Li). ... Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (born on August 13, 1926) is the current President of Cuba but on indefinite medical hiatus. ...

Argentina

It is centered around Arribeños, Mendoza and Montañeses Streets. Large numbers of recent Taiwanese and Mainland Chinese immigrants have settled in the area. Also included are ethnic Chinese from other parts of Latin America and East Asia, and East Asians of non-Chinese ancestry. (See Asian-Argentines) [1] This article is about the history, geography, and people of the island known as Taiwan. ... The highlighted area in the map is what is commonly known as mainland China. Mainland China (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ; literally The Chinese Massive Landmass or Continental China) is a geopolitical term which is usually synonymous with the area currently administered by the Peoples Republic of China (PRC... History A small neighborhood grocery store in Buenos Aires owned by Asian-Argentines Argentinas Asian population is descended from several waves of Asian immigration that have occured in the last century. ...

Brazil

São Paulo, Brazil, has no permanent Chinatown, but the Chinese-Brazilian community is centered around the Liberdade district. Besides being an area famous for its strong Japanese presence, a significant number of Taiwanese immigrants settled in Liberdade, and many Chinese immigrants have come to Liberdade following the Communist revolution in 1949. Many Cantonese from Hong Kong and Portuguese-speaking Macau — including some Macanese of mixed Chinese and Portuguese descent — also settled the place after their return to mainland Chinese rule in 1997 and 1999 respectively. These Macau immigrants can usually speak and understand Portuguese (and sometimes also its creole, Macanese or Patuá), allowing them to adjust more easily to life in Brazil. A very sizeable number of Chinese Indonesians settled the area as refugees when they were violently forced out by Indonesians of Malay descent in the 1960s. Today, Chinese Brazilians usually speak a mixture of Chinese and Portuguese. Japanese and Koreans who have also settled permanently alongside the Chinese community have truly made Liberdade a multi-Asian community. Landmark buildings Edifício Italia (at left) and Copan (curved façade at center), in São Paulo Downtown. ... Liberdade district, São Paulo, Brazil Liberdade is the name of a district in São Paulo, Brazil. ... This article is about the history, geography, and people of the island known as Taiwan. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... In 1982, the governments of the United Kingdom and the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) initiated talks regarding the sovereignty of Hong Kong, which led to the transfer of the sovereignty of Hong Kong. ... 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... A creole language, or just creole, is a well-defined and stable language that originated from a non-trivial combination of two or more languages, typically with many distinctive features that are not inherited from either parent. ... Macanese or Macao Creole (Patuá to its speakers) is a creole language derived mainly from Malay, Sinhalese, Cantonese, and Portuguese, which was originally spoken by the Macanese community of the Portuguese colony of Macao. ... For decades, the use of Chinese characters were banned in Indonesia. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1960 calendar). ... A Chinese Brazilian (Portuguese: sino-brasileiro or chinês-brasileiro) is a person of Chinese ancestry or origin who was born or is living in Brazil. ...

Costa Rica

There is a sizeable Chinese community in the Limón area and San José. As evidence, the mainland Chinese television station CCTV-4 can be found in many standard cable TV packages in San José. Recent Chinese immigrants are coming from Taiwan, many of whom have established businesses in Costa Rica. Limón, also known as Puerto Limón, is the capital city of the homonymous province of Costa Rica. ... San José is the capital and largest city of Costa Rica. ... In this map of China, the light-coloured areas represent Mainland China, while yellow coloured area refers to Taiwan. ... CCTV-4 (Chinese: 中国中央电视台国际频道), is the international broadcast for CCTV International in the Mandarin language. ... Coaxial cable is often used to transmit cable television into the house. ...

Cuba

Chinese immigration to Cuba started in 1847 when Spanish settlers brought in Cantonese contract workers to work in the sugar fields. Hundreds of thousands of Chinese workers were brought in from Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan during the following decades to replace the labor of African slaves. After completing 8-year contracts, the Chinese immigrants generally settled permanently in Cuba, where their descendants have since intermarried with local Cubans.

Unlike that of Argentina and other Latin American countries, the overseas Chinese population of Cuba was once large, but the now-diminished Chinese Cuban community is today clustered around the largely dying Barrio Chino — called Barrio Chino de La Habana — on Calle Zanja, in Havana. After the successful Communist revolution and Fidel Castro's rise to power in 1959, many Chinese Cuban entrepreneurs fled the country for the United States. Since the 1960s, Cuba has not attracted very many, if any, Chinese immigrants (developments or redevelopments of Chinatowns tend to require much private investments for which political conditions in Cuba are not favorable). Latin America consists of the countries of South America and some of North America (including Central America and some the islands of the Caribbean) whose inhabitants mostly speak Romance languages, although Native American languages are also spoken. ... A Chinese Cuban (Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Cantonese Jyutping: Gu2 Baa1 Waa4 jan4; Spanish: chino-cubano) is a Cuban of Chinese ancestry. ... Havana (Spanish (IPA pronunciation: ) in full: Ciudad de La Habana, formerly named San Cristóbal de La Habana; UN/LOCODE: CU HAV) is the capital of Cuba. ... Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (born on August 13, 1926) is the current President of Cuba but on indefinite medical hiatus. ...

Only one Chinese-language newspaper, Kwong Wah Po, remains in Cuba. Havana's Chinatown was formerly among the largest in Latin America as the neighborhood comprised of 44 square blocks during its prime. To tie in with the Revolution's economic reliance on tourism, attempts have recently been launched to attract revitalization investment for the Chinatown from Mainland Chinese state-run enterprises and overseas Chinese private investors, particularly Chinese Canadians. Latin America consists of the countries of South America and some of North America (including Central America and some the islands of the Caribbean) whose inhabitants mostly speak Romance languages, although Native American languages are also spoken. ... In this map of China, the light-coloured areas represent Mainland China, while yellow coloured area refers to Taiwan. ... Overseas Chinese are Chinese people who live outside China. ... A Chinese Canadian is a person of Chinese descent or origin who was born in or immigrated to Canada. ...

Dominican Republic

While Havana's Barrio Chino is struggling for self-preservation, a new bustling and organic Chinatown in the Dominican Republic thrives, in that country's capital city Santo Domingo, on Avenida Duarte. It is already complete with a myriad of businesses including restaurants, markets, and stores. While serving the local Chinese community with at least 40 immigrant-run businesses, it is also promoted as a tourist attraction. The development of Chinatown is now gaining momentum, and a new gateway arch is in development. First-generation Chinese immigrants came from Hong Kong and Taiwan in 1970s. Overseas Chinese became the second-largest non-Latino community in the 1980s. Santo Domingo de Guzmán, population 2,061,200(Metro) (2003), estimated 2,253,437(Metro) in 2006, is the capital and the largest city of the Dominican Republic. ... The Old Courthouse sits at the heart of the city of Saint Louis, with the arch to the east, near the rivers edge. ... The 1980s refers to the years of 1980 to 1989. ...

Mexico

Chinatown, Mexico City

Chinatown: Mexico City (Calle de Dolores / Barrio Chino) Photo taken by Hajor, 14. ... Chinatown: Mexico City (Calle de Dolores / Barrio Chino) Photo taken by Hajor, 14. ...

History

The first Chinese immigrants to Mexico were Philippine-born and brought by the Manila-Acapulco galleon trade. With the rise of anti-Chinese sentiment in Mexico in the 1930s under President Plutarco Elías Calles, of Lebanese descent^[2], many Chinese Mexicans — including individuals of mixed Chinese and Mexican descent — were forced out of Mexico and deported to China. Today, there are several Spanish-speaking Chinese-Mexican enclaves in China's Guangdong Province.^{[citation needed]} The Manila Galleons were Spanish galleons that sailed once or twice per year across the Pacific Ocean between Manila in the Philippines and Acapulco in New Spain (now Mexico). ... The 1930s (years from 1930-1939) were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles, as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression, also known in Europe as the World Depression. ... Term of office: 1 December 1924 – 30 November 1928 Preceded by: Álvaro Obregón Succeeded by: Emilio Portes Gil Date of birth: 25 September 1877 Place of birth: Guaymas, Sonora Date of death: 19 October 1945 Place of death: Mexico City Profession: Schoolteacher, soldier, politician First Lady: Natalia Chacón... Guangdong (Simplified Chinese: 广东; Traditional Chinese: 廣東; pinyin: Guǎngdōng; Wade-Giles: Kuang-tung; Kwangtung in older transliteration; Cantonese: gwong2 dung1), is a province on the south coast of the Peoples Republic of China. ...

Mexicali, a historic Chinese outpost

The border town of Mexicali, Baja California, adjacent to the United States, contains the largest concentration of Chinese Mexicans in Mexico; its Chinatown, on Avenida Madero Calle Azueta, is called La Chinesca. Indeed, the city of Mexicali was founded in 1903 by early Chinese settlers who came to the United States and then eventually went south to Mexico to escape institutionalized anti-Chinese persecution in California. The largest number of new Cantonese-speaking Chinese immigrants came mostly from the Guangzhou area around 1919. At one time, the Chinese Mexican population outnumbered the Latino population. Mexicali had a local chapter of the Kuomintang. There is now a consulate of the People's Republic of China in Mexicali. The economic problems of Mexico in the 1980s led many Chinese-Mexicans to migrate north into the United States. Today, members of the multigenerational Chinese-Mexican community own and operate many businesses across the city. One of the oldest Chinese restaurants, Restaurant 19, or named after one of the early Mexican chinatown corridors Alley 19 was opened in December 18, 1928 and eventually closed in Winter 1996. It was known to be one of the oldest Chinese restaurants in Mexico. This restaurant was utilized by many U.S. and Mexican officials and celebrities throughout the years; its end eventually came due to the devaluation of the peso in the 1980s and the new border crossing that takes tourist and locals away from the original heart of Mexicali. Currently there are more than 80 Chinese restaurants in this city from small coffee shops (cafés de chinos) to huge 750 occupancy dining rooms. Some say there are more Chinese restaurants in this city than anywhere in the world outside of Asia. now. ... Baja California (literally lower California in Spanish) is the northernmost state of Mexico. ... Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Area  Ranked 3rd  - Total 158,302 sq mi (410,000 km²)  - Width 250 miles (400 km)  - Length 770 miles (1,240 km)  - % water 4. ... Guangzhou is the capital and the sub-provincial city of Guangdong Province in southern mainland China. ... The Chinese Nationalist Party (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Tongyong Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chung-kuo Kuo-min-tang), commonly known as the Kuomintang (KMT), is a centre-right political party in the Republic of China on Taiwan, and is currently the largest political party in terms of sitting Legislative... The 1980s refers to the years of 1980 to 1989. ... In the Gregorian Calendar, December 18 is the 352nd day of the year (353rd in leap years), at which point there will be 13 days remaining to the end of the year. ... Year 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar). ... ISO 4217 Code MXN User(s) Mexico Inflation 3. ...

Mexico City

Mexico City's small barrio chino is on Calle Dolores in Cuauhtémoc borough in the city center. Nickname: Country Mexico State Federal District Founded (as Tenochtitlan) 1325 Head of Government Marcelo Ebrard (PRD) Area    - City 1,479 1 km² Elevation 2,240 m Population (2005)  - City 8,720,916  - Density 5,741/km²  - Urban 19,411,000 Time zone Central Time zone (UTC-6) 1 Area of... Cuauhtémoc is one of the 16 delegaciones (boroughs) into which Mexicos Federal District is divided. ...

Panama

Panama's Chinatown, located in Panama City, is called Barrio Chino de Ciudad Panamá. Many Taiwanese and Cantonese-speaking immigrants from Hong Kong and Guangdong province have settled there. Taiwanese President Lee Teng-hui presented a Chinese arch as a gift to the Barrio Chino of Panama City following his visit to Panama. Panama and the Republic of China share diplomatic relations, although the People's Republic of China have attempted to influence Panama. In effect, President of Taiwan Chen Shui-bian donated US $50,000 to the local Chinese cultural center in 2001. The government of Taiwan also funded the opening of the Sun Yat Sen School in Chinatown, offering lessons of Mandarin Chinese. Country Panama Province Panama Municipality Panama City Founded 1519 Seat of the Government Capital of the Nation Mayor Juan Carlos Navarro Area    - City 275 km²  - Metro 2,560. ... Taiwanese (pe̍h-oÄ“-jÄ«: Tâi-oân-oÄ“ or Tâi-gí; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: TáiyÇ”, Táiwānhuà) is a dialect of Min Nan Chinese spoken by about 70% of Taiwans population. ... Cantonese is a major dialect group or language of the Chinese language a member of the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. ... Guangdong, often spelt as Kwangtung, is a province on the south coast of the Peoples Republic of China. ... This is a Chinese name; the family name is 李 (Li). ... Isometric view of a typical arch An arch is a curved structure capable of spanning a space while supporting significant weight (e. ... Today the country officially known as the Republic of China (ROC) is commonly known by the international community as Taiwan and occasionally as Chinese Taipei. It should not be confused with the other country officially known as the Peoples Republic of China (PRC), which is commonly known as China. ... Chen Shui-bian, President of the Republic of China Chen Shui-bian (ch. ... Sun Yat-sen (November 12, 1866 - March 12, 1925) was a Chinese revolutionary leader and statesman who is considered by many to be the Father of Modern China. He had a significant influence in the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty and establishment of the Republic of China. ...

An emerging Chinatown is developing in El Dorado. Baseball pitcher Bruce Chen of the Baltimore Orioles is a native of Panama. A view of the playing field at Busch Stadium II St. ... Bruce Kastulo Chen (born June 19, 1977 in Panama City, Panama) (Traditional Chinese: 陳用彩, pinyin: Chén Yòngcaǐ) is a starting pitcher who currently plays for the Baltimore Orioles. ... Major league affiliations American League (1901–present) East Division (1969–present) Current uniform Retired Numbers 4,5,8,20,22,33 Name Baltimore Orioles (1954–present) St. ...

There are about 200,000 overseas Chinese living in Panama, the largest of such population of any Latin American country. In the 1850s, original Chinese immigrants came to build the railroads of Panama. Under the regime of Manuel Noriega, he profited by offering illegal travel documents for sale, which bought Mainland Chinese illegal immigrants into the country. Additionally, many newer arrivals tend to be working-class immigrants from Taiwan. By contrast, the Panamian-born Chinese, of the Cantonese background, tend to be relatively well-off. General Manuel Antonio Noriega Moreno (born February 11, 1938) is a Panamanian general, the de facto military leader of Panama from 1983 to 1989. ...

Peru

Chinatown in Lima

The main Peruvian Chinatown is located in Lima and is called the Barrio Chino de Lima, located on Calle Capón (Block 7 of Ucayali Street); it is one of the two earliest Chinatowns in the Western Hemisphere, along with that of Havana, and contains various architecture in traditional Chinese fashion. Local Chinese restaurants, called in Peruvian Spanish chifas, serve Chinese food with significant Peruvian influence and are popular in Chinatown among native Peruvians as well. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (900x639, 152 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Chinatowns in Latin America User:JialiangGao Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (900x639, 152 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Chinatowns in Latin America User:JialiangGao Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera... Nickname: City of the Kings Location within Lima Province Coordinates: Department Lima Province Lima Province Settled 1535 Mayor Luis Castaneda Lossio Area    - City 804. ... Havana (Spanish (IPA pronunciation: ) in full: Ciudad de La Habana, formerly named San Cristóbal de La Habana; UN/LOCODE: CU HAV) is the capital of Cuba. ... Chifa is the name given to Peruvian-Cantonese cuisine. ...

In contrast to Cuba, the Chinese Peruvians, despite the problems of recent history in the country — including the dictatorial rule of Juan Velasco Alvarado (1968-1975), which forced many of his Chinese Peruvian opponents to flee (mainly to the United States) — have still chosen to remain in large numbers. A Chinese Peruvian is a person of Chinese ancestry born in Peru, or who has made Peru his or her adopted homeland. ... Juan Francisco Velasco Alvarado (June 16, 1910– December 24, 1977) was a left-leaning Peruvian General who ruled Peru from 1968 to 1975 under the title of President of the Revolutionary Government // Early Years Velasco was born on June 16, 1910 in Piura, a city on Perus north coast. ...

Historical Chinese immigration to the Amazonian region of Peru is intriguingly documented in a small village named Chino several miles outside of Iquitos which according to local folk-history was settled by Chinese. While its inhabitants, in the main, are clearly native Amazonians, many bear striking genetic traits — markedly smoother facial structure, stereotypically Asian eyes, and straighter hair — which may mark the existence of a community of Chinese immigrants in the 19th or 20th century who intermarried and vanished, as mysteriously as they came, The Amazon Basin is the part of South America drained by the Amazon River and its tributaries. ... Chino may refer to Chino, Nagano, a city in Nagano, Japan. ... Located in the Loreto region, Iquitos is the largest city in the jungle of Peru, with a population of about 400,000. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999...

Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico boasts a barrio chino in San Juan (Barrio Chino de San Juan). Since Puerto Ricans are U.S. citizens, Chinese-Puerto Ricans can also be considered Chinese Americans. However, many Chinese Puerto Ricans, to escape poverty, have moved to the mainland United States. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Citizenship is membership in a political community (originally a city but now usually a country) and carries with it rights to political participation; a person having such membership is a citizen. ... A Chinese American is an American who is of ethnic Chinese descent. ... A Chinese Puerto Rican is a person who was born in Puerto Rico, but whose ancestors came from China. ...

Venezuela

Venezuela is also home to one of Latin America's largest concentrations of ethnic Chinese. A lively barrio chino can be found on Avenida Principal El Bosque in the El Bosque district of Caracas. Cantonese Chinese is widely spoken among Chinese Venezuelans, but there has been recent Taiwanese immigration, adding to the linguistic and cultural diversity. Chinese from other places of the world also settled in Venezuela, especially from the Philippines, where they were experienced persecution in the 1970s under Ferdinand Marcos, and Cuba, where Fidel Castro's Communist Revolution seized their businesses. El Bosque (Spanish the forest) is a municipality (comuna) of Chile located on the province of Santiago in the Santiago Metropolitan Region. ... Nickname: La Sultana del Avila (English:The Avilas Sultan) La Sucursal del Cielo (English:Branch of Heaven) Motto: Ave María Santísima, sin pecado concebida, en el primer instante de su ser natural. ... The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, inclusive. ... Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralín Marcos (September 11, 1917 – September 28, 1989) was the tenth president of the Philippines, serving from 1965 to 1986. ...

External links

• Photographs of Havana's Chinatown
• Information on the Dominican Republic's Chinatown
• More information on the Dominican Republic's Chinatown
• Further information on the Dominican Republic's Chinatown
• Information on Mexicali's Chinesca

Havana (Spanish (IPA pronunciation: ) in full: Ciudad de La Habana, formerly named San Cristóbal de La Habana; UN/LOCODE: CU HAV) is the capital of Cuba. ...

Further reading

• Mexicali's Chinatown, James R. Curtis, Geographical Review (Vol. 85, Issue 3), 1995