The first page of the Chinese Exclusion Act. The Chinese Exclusion Act was a United States federal law passed on May 6, 1882, following 1880 revisions to the Burlingame Treaty of 1868. Those revisions allowed the U.S. to suspend immigration, and Congress subsequently acted quickly to implement the suspension of Chinese immigration, a ban that lasted over 60 years. The Chinese Immigration Act 1923, known in the Chinese-Canadian community as the Chinese Exclusion Act, was an act passed by the federal government of Canada, banning most forms of Chinese immigration to Canada. ...
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 462 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2433 × 3158 pixel, file size: 802 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) US Chinese Exclusion Act, 1882, page 1. ...
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 462 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2433 × 3158 pixel, file size: 802 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) US Chinese Exclusion Act, 1882, page 1. ...
The United States Code (U.S.C.) is a compilation and codification of the general and permanent federal Law of the United States. ...
The Burlingame Treaty, between the United States and China, amended the Treaty of Tientsin and established formal friendly relations between the two countries, with the United States granting China Most Favored Nation status. ...
For other uses of terms redirecting here, see US (disambiguation), USA (disambiguation), and United States (disambiguation) Motto In God We Trust(since 1956) (From Many, One; Latin, traditional) Anthem The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City National language English (de facto)1 Demonym American...
Chinese immigration to the United States has come in many waves. ...
Background
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The Chinese came to America in large numbers during the 1849 California Gold Rush and in the 1860s when the Central Pacific Railroad recruited large labor gangs to build its portion of the Transcontinental Railroad. Large-scale immigration continued into the late 1800s, with 123,201 Chinese recorded as arriving between 1871 and 1880, and 61,711 arriving between 1881 and 1890. Chinese railroad workers for transcontinental railroad in the snow. ...
Chinese railroad workers for transcontinental railroad in the snow. ...
A Transcontinental Railroad is a railway that crosses a continent typically from sea to sea. Terminals are at or connected to different oceans. ...
Chinese immigration to the United States has come in many waves. ...
The California Gold Rush (1848–1855) began shortly after January 24, 1848 (when gold was discovered at Sutters Mill in Coloma). ...
External link Central Pacific Railroad Photographic History Museum Categories: Corporation stubs | Historical stubs | Defunct railroad companies of the United States | California railroads | Nevada railroads | Utah railroads | Historic civil engineering landmarks ...
A Transcontinental Railroad is a railway that crosses a continent typically from sea to sea. Terminals are at or connected to different oceans. ...
At first, when surface gold was plentiful, the Chinese were well tolerated and well-received. As gold became scarcer and competition increased, animosity to the Chinese and other foreigners increased. Organized labor groups demanded that California's gold was only for Americans, and began to physically threaten foreigners' mines or gold diggings. Most, after being forcibly driven from the mines, settled in Chinese enclaves in cities, mainly San Francisco, and took up low end wage labor such as restaurant work and laundry. With the post Civil War economy in decline by the 1870s, anti-Chinese animosity became politicized by labor leader Dennis Kearney and his Workingman's Party[1] as well as by Governor John Bigler, both of whom blamed Chinese "coolies" for depressed wage levels. Another significant anti-Chinese group organized in California during this same era was the Supreme Order of Caucasians with some 64 chapters statewide. Dennis Kearney (1847–1907) was a California political leader in the late 19th century, known for his anti-immigrant political views toward Chinese immigrants. ...
The Workingmans Party was a California labor organization led by Dennis Kearney in the 1870s. ...
John Bigler 3rd Governor of California John Bigler (January 8, 1805–November 29, 1871) was Governor of California from January 8, 1852 until January 9, 1856. ...
Coolie refers to unskilled laborers from Asia of the 1800s to early 1900s who were sent to the United States, Australia, New Zealand, North Africa and the West Indies. ...
The Supreme Order of Caucasians was a group organized in Sacramento, California in April of 1876 whose primary focus was to run the Chinese out of the United States. ...
The Act The Chinese Exclusion Act was the first significant restriction on free immigration in U.S. history.[2] The Act excluded Chinese "skilled and unskilled laborers and Chinese employed in mining" from entering the country for ten years under penalty of imprisonment and deportation.[2][3] The few Chinese non-laborers who wished to immigrate had to obtain certification from the Chinese government that they were qualified to immigrate, which tended to be difficult to prove.[3]
The Act also affected Chinese who were already in the United States. Any Chinese who left the United States had to obtain certifications for reentry, and the Act made Chinese immigrants permanent aliens by excluding them from U.S. citizenship.[3][2] After the Act's passage, Chinese men in the U.S. had little chance of ever reuniting with their wives, or of starting families in their new home.[2]
Amendments made in 1884 tightened the provisions that allowed previous immigrants to leave and return, and clarified that the law applied to ethnic Chinese regardless of their country of origin. The Act was renewed for ten years by the 1892 Geary Act, and again with no terminal date in 1902.[3] The Act's 1902 extension also required "each Chinese resident to register and obtain a certificate of residence. Without a certificate, he or she faced deportation."[3] Year 1884 (MDCCCLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ...
The Geary Act was a United States law passed in 1892 written by California Congressman Thomas J. Geary. ...
One of the main critics of the Chinese Exclusion Act was Republican Senator George Frisbie Hoar of Massachusetts who described the Act as "nothing less than the legalization of racial discrimination."[4] George Frisbie Hoar (29 August 1826–30 September 1904) was a prominent United States politician. ...
This article is about the U.S. state. ...
Effects and aftermath
Certificate of identity issued to Yee Wee Thing certifying that he is the son of a US citizen, issued Nov. 21, 1916. This is necessary for his immigration from China to the United States. For all practical purposes, the Exclusion Act, along with the restrictions that followed it, froze the Chinese community in place in 1882, and prevented it from growing and assimilating into U.S. society as European immigrant groups did.[2] However, limited immigration from China did still occur until the repeal of the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1943. From 1910 to 1940,the Angel Island Immigration Station on what is now Angel Island State Park in San Francisco Bay served as the processing center for most of the 56,113 Chinese immigrants who are recorded as immigrating or returning from China; upwards of 30% more who showed up were returned to China. Furthermore, after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, which destroyed City Hall and the Hall of Records, many immigrants (known as "paper sons") falsely claimed familial ties to resident Chinese-American citizens which could not be disproved. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Year 1910 (MCMX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...
Year 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
This article is about Angel Island State Park. ...
San Francisco Bay, San Pablo Bay, and the Golden Gate San Francisco Bay is a shallow, productive estuary through which water draining approximately forty percent of California, flowing in the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers from the Sierra Nevada mountains, enters the Pacific Ocean. ...
San Francisco Earthquake redirects here. ...
Later, the Immigration Act of 1924 would restrict immigration even further, excluding all classes of Chinese immigrants and extending restrictions to other Asian immigrant groups.[2] Until these restrictions were relaxed in the middle of the twentieth century, Chinese immigrants were forced to live a life apart, and to build a society in which they could survive on their own.[2] It has been suggested that National Origins Quota of 1924 be merged into this article or section. ...
Repeal and current status The Chinese Exclusion Act was repealed by the 1943 Magnuson Act, allowing a national quota of 105 Chinese immigrants per year, although large scale Chinese immigration did not occur until the passage of the Immigration Act of 1965. The Magnuson Act was an immigration law signed December 17, 1943 in the United States. ...
The Immigration Act of 1965 (also known as the Hart-Celler Act) abolished the national-origin quotas that had been in place in the United States since the Immigration Act of 1924. ...
Even today, although all its constituent sections have long been repealed, Chapter 7 of Title 8 of the United States Code is headed, "Exclusion of Chinese."[5] It is the only chapter of the 15 chapters in Title 8 (Aliens and Nationality) that is completely focused on a specific nationality or ethnic group. Title 8 of the United States Code outlines the role of aliens and nationality in the United States Code. ...
The United States Code (U.S.C.) is a compilation and codification of the general and permanent federal law of the United States. ...
References
Other References - Bodenner, Chris. "Chinese Exclusion Act." Issues & Controversies in American History @ FACTS.com. 20 Oct. 2006. Facts On File News Services. 3 Nov. 2007 <http://www.2facts.com>.
See also A Chinese American is an American who is of ethnic Chinese descent. ...
Chinese immigration to the United States has come in many waves. ...
There have been a number of Immigration Acts in the United States. ...
Holding A child born in the United States to foreign parents who are subject to U.S. jurisdiction automatically becomes a U.S. citizen. ...
Anti-Chinese sentiment in the United States Chinese Massacre of 1871 refers to a racially motivated riot on October 24, 1871, when a mob of over 500 whites or Caucasians entered Los Angeles Chinatown to attack and eventually murder Chinese-American residents of the city. ...
Coolie labourer circa 1900 in Zhenjiang, China. ...
Dennis Kearney (1847–1907) was a California political leader in the late 19th century, known for his anti-immigrant political views toward Chinese immigrants. ...
// The Rock Springs Massacre or Rock Springs Riot (sometimes known as the Rock Springs Attack) occurred on September 2, 1885 in the town of Rock Springs, Wyoming, in present day Sweetwater County. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
The Yellow Terror In All His Glory, 1899 editorial cartoon Yellow Peril (sometimes Yellow Terror) was a color metaphor for race that originated in the late nineteenth century with immigration of Chinese laborers to various Western countries, notably the United States, and later to the Japanese during the mid 20th...
Similar racially restrictive immigration policies in other countries This badge from 1906 shows the use of the expression White Australia at that time While there was never any specific official policy called the White Australia policy, this is the term used for a collection of historical legislation and policies which either intentionally or unintentionally restricted non-white immigration...
The Chinese Immigration Act, 1923, known in the Chinese-Canadian community as the Chinese Exclusion Act, was an act passed by the federal government of Canada, banning most forms of Chinese immigration to Canada. ...
This poll tax certificate was issued to Yee Nam on his arrival at Wellington in 1904. ...
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