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Chinese Filipino
Cardinal Sin
Total population
1,146,250 [1] (1.5% of the Philippine population) Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Peoples_Republic_of_China. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Philippines. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (779x1139, 276 KB) Image history of lb:Image:Kardinalsin. ... Jaime Cardinal Sin, Archbishop of Manila, Philippines (1974-2005) Jaime Cardinal Sin, also Jaime Lachica Sin (August 31, 1928–June 21, 2005) (Chinese name: 辛海梅; 辛海棉), was an archbishop of the Roman Catholic Church in the Philippines. ... This article is about the country in Southeast Asia. ...
Regions with significant populations
Philippines (Metro Cebu, Metro Manila, Angeles, Bacolod, Davao, Iligan, Iloilo, Lucena, Sulu, Tarlac, Vigan, Zamboanga)  United States elsewhere Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Philippines. ... For the article on the Province of Cebu, see Cebu Province. ... For the capital city of the Philippines, see Manila. ... Nickname: Motto: Sulong Angeles. ... Bacolod City, or simply Bacolod, is the capital and the largest city of Negros Occidental province in the Philippines. ... Motto: Love, Peace, and Progress Map of Davao Region showing the location of Davao City Coordinates: 7° 30 N, 126° E Country Region Province None Districts 1st to 3rd Districts of Davao City Barangays 184 Incorporated (town) 1848 Incorporated (city) October 16, 1936 Government  - Mayor Rodrigo Duterte (Hugpong/PDP-Laban... Iligan City is a thriving city in the northwestern part of the island of Mindanao in the Philippines. ... Map of Iloilo showing the location of Iloilo City Coordinates: 10. ... Lucena is a town in southern Spain, in the province of Córdoba, 70 km southeast of Córdoba, 95 km north of Málaga, 150 km east of Seville, 110 km west of Granada, and 100 km southwest of Jaén. ... REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES Province of Sulu Region: Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) Capital: Jolo Founded: Population: 2000 census—619,668 (40th largest) Density—387 per km² (13th highest) Area: 1,600. ... Tarlac City is a 3rd class city in the province of Tarlac, Philippines. ... Vigan is the capital city of the province of Ilocos Sur in the Philippines. ... Officially, the City of Zamboanga (Chavacano de Zamboanga/Spanish: Ciudad de Zamboanga). ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Language(s) Tagalog, Visayan languages, Ilocano, Tausug, other Philippine languages, English Religion(s) Predominantly Catholic; Protestantism; Iglesia Ni Cristo; Islam; Nonreligious Related ethnic groups Filipino people, Filipino American, Filipino Canadian, Filipino Australian, Filipino British, Filipino Hong Konger An Overseas Filipino is a person of Philippine origin who lives outside of...
Languages
Lan-nang, Hokkien, Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon, Standard Mandarin, Standard Cantonese, Teochew (Chao Chow), Filipino, English, other Chinese languages, other Philippine languages
Religions
Roman Catholicism, Protestantism, Buddhism, Chinese folk religion, Confucianism, Taoism
Related ethnic groups
Han Chinese

A Chinese Filipino (simplified Chinese: 华菲; traditional Chinese: 華菲; pinyin: Huáfēi; Hokkien: Huâ-hui; Cantonese: Wàhfèi; Tagalog/Filipino: "Tsinoy" (pronunciation (help·info)) derived from two words: "Tsino" (meaning "Chinese") and "Pinoy" (the slang word for "Filipino") is a person of Chinese ancestry but raised in the Philippines. Lan-nang, or more properly known as Lan-nang-oé, is the Philippine variant of Min Nan, also known as Southern Fujianese or Hokkienese. ... Min Nan, Minnan, or Min-nan (Simplified Chinese: 闽南语; Traditional Chinese: 閩南語; Pinyin: MǐnnányÇ”; POJ: Bân-lâm-gú; Southern Min or Southern Fujian language) is the Chinese language/dialect spoken in southern Fujian province, China and neighboring areas, and by descendants of emigrants from these areas in diaspora. ... Tagalog (pronunciation: ) is one of the major languages of the Republic of the Philippines. ... Cebuano, also known as Sinugboanon, is an Austronesian language spoken in the Philippines by about 20,000,000 people (according to Ethnologue). ... Ilocano, also Iloko and Ilokano, refers to the language and culture associated with the Ilocano people, the third largest ethnic group in the Philippines. ... Hiligaynon language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator Hiligaynon (or Ilonggo) is an Austronesian language spoken in Western Visayas in the Philippines. ... Map of eastern China and Taiwan, showing the historic distribution of Mandarin Chinese in light brown. ... Standard Cantonese is a variant, and is generally considered the prestige dialect of Cantonese Chinese. ... The Chaozhou language, also called Teochew, Teochiu, Tiuchiu, or Diojiu, is a dialect of the Chinese spoken variant of Min Nan (閩南/闽南), spoken in the Chaoshan (潮汕) region of eastern Guangdong (廣東/广东). It has low intelligibility with other Min Nan dialects, having fewer words in common than German has with English. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Chinese (written) language (pinyin: zhōngwén) written in Chinese characters The Chinese language (汉语/漢語, 华语/華語, or 中文; Pinyin: Hànyǔ, Huáyǔ, or Zhōngwén) is a member of the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. ... There are over 170 languages in the Philippines; almost all of them belong to the Austronesian language family. ... The Roman Catholic Church in the Philippines is part of the worldwide Roman Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Relation to other religions Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Christianity Portal This box:      Protestantism encompasses the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated with the doctrines of the Reformation. ... Buddhism is a variety of teachings, sometimes described as a religion[1] or way of life that attempts to identify the causes of human suffering and offer various ways that are claimed to end, or ease suffering. ... Clothed statues of Matsu/Mazu (Chinese goddess of the Sea) Chinese folk religion comprises the religion practiced in much of China for thousands of years which included ancestor veneration and drew heavily upon concepts and beings within Chinese mythology. ... A Confucian temple in Wuwei, Peoples Republic of China. ... Taoism (pronounced or ; also spelled Daoism) refers to a variety of related philosophical and religious traditions and concepts. ... Language(s) Chinese languages Religion(s) Predominantly Mahayana Buddhism and Taoism. ... Simplified Chinese character (Simplified Chinese: or ; traditional Chinese: or ; pinyin: or ) is one of two standard sets of Chinese characters of the contemporary Chinese written language. ... Traditional Chinese characters refers to one of two standard sets of printed Chinese characters. ... Pinyin, more formally called Hanyu Pinyin (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), is the most common variant of Standard Mandarin romanization system in use. ... Mǐn Nán (Chinese: 閩南語), also spelt as Minnan or Min-nan; native name Bân-lâm-gú; literally means Southern Min or Southern Fujian and refers to the local language/dialect of southern Fujian province, China. ... This article is about all of the Cantonese (Yue) dialects. ... Tagalog (pronunciation: ) is one of the major languages of the Republic of the Philippines. ... Pinoy is a demonym used by Filipinos for their compatriots in the Philippines and around the world. ...

Use of the term Chinese Filipino

Many, if not all people in the Philippines, including Chinese Filipinos themselves, use and accept the term "Filipino Chinese"/"Filipino-Chinese".^[1] However, this is inconsistent with US English usage, on which Philippine English is largely based. Despite its inconsistency with American English, the term remains to be the officially accepted reference in the Philippines. For other uses, see American English (disambiguation). ... Philippine English is the variety of English used in the Philippines by the media and the vast majority of educated Filipinos. ...

The term "Chinese Filipino" may or may not^[2][3] be hyphenated. The website of the organization Kaisa para sa Kaunlaran omits the hyphen, adding that Chinese Filipino is the noun where "Chinese" is an adjective to the noun "Filipino." The Chicago Manual of Style and the APA,^[4] among others, also recommend dropping the hyphen. When used as an adjective, "Chinese Filipino" may take on a hyphenated form or may remain unchanged. For instance, when hyphenated, "Chinese-Filipino community," "Chinese-Filipino Catholic," or "Chinese-Filipino student." Chicago style, on the other hand, explicitly advises against using the hyphen even when "Chinese Filipino" is used as an adjective. For instance, "Chinese Filipino student" and "Chinese Filipino community",^[5][6][7] but "Chinese-Filipino Catholic" or "Chinese-Filipino Buddhist" given that three consecutive words are capitalized and that Filipino in that sense is linked to Chinese rather than being an adjective to Catholic or Buddhist. The Chicago Manual of Style (CMS) is a highly regarded style guide for American English, dealing with questions of style, manuscript preparation, and, to a lesser degree, usage. ... Further information: MLA Style Manual American Psychological Association (APA) style is a widely-accepted style of documentation for APA style specifies the names and order of headings, formatting and organization of citations and references, and the arrangement of tables, figures, footnotes, and appendices, as well as other manuscript and documentation...

Terminology

Different terminologies are used to refer to Chinese Filipinos, as follows:

• Of pure Chinese descent: Chinese (English), Tsino/Chino (Filipino, Spanish), Intsik (Filipino), and Lan-lang (Chinese Minnan Dialect)
• Of mixed Chinese and indigenous Filipino descent: Filipino Chinese/Chinese Filipino/Philippine Chinese (Eng.), Tsinoy/Chinoy (Fil., Sp.), Mistisong Intsik (Fil.), and Chhut-si-ia (Chi. Minnan)
• Of mixed Chinese and Spanish descent: Tornatras (Eng., Fil., Sp.; archaic)

There's a distinction between the following terms as well: 華人，華僑，華裔，華菲。 Tornatras is a term denoting a Eurasian person of mixed Spanish and Chinese descent in the Philippines. ...

• 華人 -- Huárén -- Chinese, of pure Chinese descent and nationality
• 華僑 -- Huáqiáo -- Overseas Chinese, usually China-born Chinese who have emigrated elsewhere
• 華裔 -- Huáyì -- People of Chinese ancestry who were born in, residents of and citizens of another country
• 華菲 -- Huáfēi -- Chinese Filipino or Philippine Nationals of Chinese descent

"Filipino Chinese" (Traditional Chinese: 菲律賓華僑; Hanyu Pinyin: Fēilǜbīn Huáqíao; Hokkien: Hui-lu̍t-pin Huâ-kiâo; Cantonese: Fèileuhtbàn Wàhkìuh) is a deprecated term. Mǐn N n (Chinese: 閩南語), also spelt as Minnan or Min-nan; native name B ; literally means Southern Min or Southern Fujian and refers to the local language/dialect of southern Fujian province, China. ... This article is about all of the Cantonese (Yue) dialects. ...

During the Spanish Colonial Period, the term Sangley was used to refer to people of unmixed Chinese ancestry while the term Mestizo de Sangley was used to classify persons of mixed Chinese and indigenous Filipino blood; both are now out of date in terms of usage. Sangley or Sangley Mestizo is a term used by Filipinos and Europeans to describe a Filipino of half Chinese-Malay blood, or of half Spanish-Chinese blood. ... Sangley or Sangley Mestizo is a term used by Filipinos and Europeans to describe a Filipino of half Chinese-Malay blood, or of half Spanish-Chinese blood. ...

"Indigenous Filipino" is used in this article to refer to the original inhabitants prior to the Spanish Conquest of the islands. During the Spanish Colonial Period, the term Indio was used. Indio is the Spanish word for Indian, Native American or by mistake Amerindian. ...

Overview

The Chinese Filipinos has always been one of largest ethnic Filipino groups in the country with Chinese immigrants comprising the largest group of immigrant settlers in the Philippines. The rate of intermarriage between Chinese immigrants and indigenous Filipinos is among the highest in Southeast Asia, exceeded only by Thailand. However, intermarriages occurred mostly during the Spanish colonial period because Chinese immigrants to the Philippines up to the 19th century were predominantly male. It was only in the 20th century that Chinese women and children came in comparable numbers. These Chinese mestizos, products of intermarriages during the Spanish colonial period, then often opted to marry other Chinese mestizos (as was the case with the ancestors of national hero Dr. Jose Rizal). Generally, the term Chinese mestizo is reserved for those who have more recent Chinese ancestry; those who still retain, in full or in part, the surnames of their Chinese ancestors; or those who have "Chinese eyes" or fairer complexion compared to the general populace which can be attributed to their Chinese ancestry. The various ethnic groups in the Philippines identify themselves based on one or several factors like ancestry, language, religion or a shared history. ...

By this definition, the ethnically Chinese Filipinos comprise 1.5% (1.14 million) of the population.^[8] This figure however does not include the Chinese mestizos who since Spanish times have formed the middle class in Philippine society nor does it include Chinese immigrants from the People's Republic of China since 1949.

Ethnicity

Most Chinese in the Philippines belong to either the Fujianese or Cantonese dialect groups of the Han Chinese nationality. Most unmixed Chinese in the Philippines come from the province of Fujian in China and are thus called Fujianese, or Hoklo. They speak the Lan-nang (Philippine) variant of the Minnan Chinese dialect, which is further subdivided into several sub-dialects. The most common Minnan (Southern Fujianese) dialect in the Philippines is the Xiamen dialect, which is mutually intelligible with the Quanzhou dialect, another common dialect in the Philippines. The rest of the unmixed Chinese in the Philippines are mostly of Cantonese origin, with large numbers of descendants originally from the Taishan city of Guangdong province in Southern China. They speak the Cantonese dialect group/language, although many are raised to speak only the Minnan dialect. Most are not as economically prosperous as their Fujianese cousins in Philippine society. Some ghettoes of the Cantonese people are found in Santa Mesa, Manila and in Tondo. There are also a minority of Cantonese who have Portuguese ancestry - they are the Macanese from Macau. Unmixed Chinese who are of both Fujianese and Cantonese parentage are classified simply as Cantonese. Other non-resident Chinese in the Philippines, such as expatriates and envoys are of Beijinger, Shanghainese, and Hunanese origin. Hoklo (pronounced Holo; Chinese ; Mandarin pronunciation--pinyin: Fulao) can refer to an ethnic-cultural group originating in Fujian province, China. ... Lan-nang, or more properly known as Lan-nang-oé, is the Philippine variant of Min Nan, also known as Southern Fujianese or Hokkienese. ... Mǐn Nán (Chinese: 閩南語), also spelt as Minnan or Min-nan; native name Bân-lâm-gú; literally means Southern Min or Southern Fujian and refers to the local language/dialect of southern Fujian province, China. ... A view of the Xiamen University campus Xiamen (Simplified Chinese: 厦门; Traditional Chinese: 廈門; Hanyu Pinyin: ) is a coastal sub-provincial city in southeastern Fujian province, Peoples Republic of China. ... The characters 泉州 are also used for SenshÅ«, an alternate name for the former Japanese province of Izumi. ... Taishan (台山; Mandarin: Táishān; Cantonese: Toisan; Taishanese: Hoisan, Other: Toishan, Toisaan) is a coastal county-level city in Guangdong Province, China. ... Not to be confused with the former Kwantung Leased Territory in north-eastern China. ... This article is about all of the Cantonese (Yue) dialects. ... Santa Mesa, Manila is a district in the city of Manila. ... A tondo is also a circular painting or relief carving. ... Broadly, Macanese refers to the people of Macao. ... Shanghainese (上海言话 [] in Shanghainese), sometimes referred to as the Shanghai dialect, is a dialect of Wu Chinese spoken in the city of Shanghai. ... Alternative meaning: Hunan Xiang (Chinese: 相) is the name of a Xia dynasty ruler who reigned during the third millennium BC. Categories: People stubs | China-related stubs ...

Mestizos

See also: Mestizos in the Philippines.

Chinese mestizos are persons of mixed Chinese and either indigenous Filipino or Spanish (or both) ancestry. They make up between 10-20% of the country's total population (those who are ethnic Chinese make up 1.5% of the population). A number of Chinese mestizos have surnames that reflect their heritage, mostly two or three syllables that have Chinese roots (e.g., the full name of a Chinese ancestor) with a Hispanized phonetic spelling. The Chinese mestizos may also be known as Tsinoys (alternatively spelled as "Chinoy"), although this term may also refer to the full-blooded Chinese Filipinos; and/or Chinito, a term that largely denotes physical characteristics (referring to slanted eyes) rather than ethnic origin or cultural orientation. During Spanish times, they were legally classified as Mestizo de Sangley which was printed on their cedulas or community tax certificates. Mestizo is a Spanish term that was formerly used in the Spanish Empire and continues to be used today in Latin America to refer to people of mixed European (Spaniard) and Amerindian ancestry living in the region of Latin America. ... Mestizo is a Spanish term that was formerly used in the Spanish Empire and continues to be used today in Latin America to refer to people of mixed European (Spaniard) and Amerindian ancestry living in the region of Latin America. ... Sangley or Sangley Mestizo is a term used by Filipinos and Europeans to describe a Filipino of half Chinese-Malay blood, or of half Spanish-Chinese blood. ...

During the Spanish colonial period, the Spanish authorities encouraged the Chinese male immigrants to convert to Catholicism. Those who converted got baptized and their names Hispanized, and were allowed to intermarry with indigenous Filipino women. They and their mestizo offspring became colonial subjects of the Spanish crown, and as such were granted several privileges and afforded numerous opportunities denied both the unconverted Chinese or the indigenous Filipinos. With their colonial privileges, the Chinese mestizos became much more successful economically than the indigenous population. Starting as traders, they branched out into land leasing, money lending and later landholding.

Today, most of the mestizos in the Philippines trace their ancestry to these Chinese immigrants and not Spanish settlers despite their Spanish-sounding names. This was due not only to the small number of Spanish settlers in the islands, but also due to Spanish policies imposing racial segregation on the residents of the colony. Most of the Spaniards lived in seclusion in Intramuros, the walled-city that served as seat of power for the Spanish Empire in the Far East. As the exclusive bastion of colonial privilege, it was off-limits to the rest of the population of the islands. Only a few Spaniards (mostly priests or soldiers) settled in the countryside. Intramuros circa 1920s Walls of Intramuros, located along the southern bank of the Pasig River, is the oldest among the districts of the city of Manila, the capital of the Philippines. ...

Culture

Language

Most of the Chinese in the Philippines trace their ancestry to the southern part of Fujian province. The Lan-nang variant of Min Nan, also known as Hokkien or Lán-lâng-oē (咱人話; "our people's language"), is the lingua franca of the Chinese-Filipino community. The rest are descendants of migrants from Guangdong, Hong Kong, or Taiwan. The other Chinese dialects that can be heard in the Chinese-Filipino communities are Mandarin Chinese (which is taught in Chinese schools in the Philippines and spoken in varying degrees of fluency by Chinese Filipinos), Taiwanese (which is mutually intelligible with the Quanzhou and Xiamen dialects), and Cantonese. The vast majority of the Chinese in the Philippines, however, are fluent in English as well as Tagalog, and for those residing outside of Metro Manila, the local language of the region, like Ilokano, Cebuano (Cebu, Davao, Iligan, and Zamboanga), and Chabacano. Mandarin Chinese used to be the medium of instruction in Chinese schools prior to the Filipinization policy of Former President Ferdinand Marcos. Partly as a result of Marcos' measures, Tagalog and English are gradually supplanting Chinese (Minnan and Mandarin) as the preferred medium of communication among the younger generation.   (Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Fu-chien; Postal map spelling: Fukien, Foukien; local transliteration Hokkien from Min Nan Hok-kiàn) is one of the provinces on the southeast coast of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Lan-nang, or more properly known as Lan-nang-oé, is the Philippine variant of Min Nan, also known as Southern Fujianese or Hokkienese. ... Mǐn N n (Chinese: 閩南語), also spelt as Minnan or Min-nan; native name B ; literally means Southern Min or Southern Fujian and refers to the local language/dialect of southern Fujian province, China. ... Not to be confused with the former Kwantung Leased Territory in north-eastern China. ... Spoken Chinese The Chinese spoken language(s) comprise(s) many regional variants. ... This article is on all of the Northern Chinese dialects. ... For other uses, see Formosan languages, Taiwanese Mandarin, and Languages of Taiwan. ... The characters 泉州 are also used for SenshÅ«, an alternate name for the former Japanese province of Izumi. ... A view of the Xiamen University campus Xiamen (Simplified Chinese: 厦门; Traditional Chinese: 廈門; Hanyu Pinyin: ) is a coastal sub-provincial city in southeastern Fujian province, Peoples Republic of China. ... This article is about all of the Cantonese (Yue) dialects. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Tagalog (pronunciation: ) is one of the major languages of the Republic of the Philippines. ... Ilocano, also Iloko and Ilokano, refers to the language and culture associated with the Ilocano people, the third largest ethnic group in the Philippines. ... Cebuano, also known as Sinugboanon, is an Austronesian language spoken in the Philippines by about 20,000,000 people (according to Ethnologue). ... Chavacano, (also Chabacano or Zamboangueño), is a Spanish creole spoken in the Philippines. ... Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralín Marcos (September 11, 1917 – September 28, 1989) was President of the Philippines from 1966 to 1986. ...

Lifestyle

The Chinese in the Philippines are mostly business owners and their life centers mostly in the family business. These mostly small and medium enterprises play a significant role in the Philippine economy. A handful of these entrepreneurs run large companies and are respected as some of the most prominent business tycoons in the Philippines. Chinese Filipinos attribute their success in business to frugality and hard work, and entrepreneurship is highly valued and encouraged among the young. Famous Chinese or Chinese-speaking/writing people. ...

Most Chinese Filipinos are urban dwellers. An estimated 60% of the Chinese Filipinos live within Metro Manila, with the rest in the other larger cities of the Philippines. In contrast with the Chinese mestizos, few Chinese are plantation owners. This is partly due to the fact that until recently when the Chinese Filipinos became Filipino citizens, the law prohibited the Chinese from owning land. For the capital city of the Philippines, see Manila. ...

As with other Southeast Asian nations, the Chinese community in the Philippines has become a repository of traditional Chinese culture. Whereas in Mainland China many cultural traditions and customs have been suppressed by the Cultural Revolution or simply regarded as old-fashioned and obsolete, these traditions have remained largely untouched in the Philippines. Many new cultural twists have evolved within the Chinese community in the Philippines, distinguishing it from other overseas Chinese communities in Southeast Asia. These cultural variations are highly evident during festivals such as Chinese New Year and Mid-Autumn Festival. The Chinese Filipinos have developed unique funerary^[9] and wedding customs^[10] as well. This article is about the Peoples Republic of China. ... For other traditions of celebrating lunar new year, see Lunar New Year. ... Japanese name Kanji: Kana: Korean name Hangul: Hanja: Vietnamese name Quốc ngữ: Chữ nôm: Mid-Autumn Festival celebrations in Victoria Park, Hong Kong. ...

While the older generation practiced the ancient customs of imperial and feudal China^[11], the younger generation have largely acculturated to the dominant cultures of mainstream society. In the Philippine context, this means adopting the prevailing western lifestyles such as going to discos, playing golf and drinking cappuccino. Traditional customs such as ancestor worship are still practiced today through family shrines and clans associations.^[12] For the newly rich, building a grand mansion with the proper Feng Shui in a private, exclusive, suburban subdivision is a lifelong dream which reflects on the wealth and status of one's family.^[13]

Religion

The Chinese Filipinos are unique in Southeast Asia in being overwhelmingly Christian. Almost all Chinese Filipinos, including the Chinese Mestizo but excluding the recent immigrants, had or will have their marriages in a Christian church. This proves that the majority of Chinese Filipinos have been baptized in a Christian church, with Catholics forming the largest group.

However, many of Chinese-Filipino Catholics still tend to practice the traditional Chinese religions side by side with Catholicism, although a small number of people practising solely traditional Chinese religions do exist as well.^[14] Mahayana Buddhism^[15], Taoism^[16] and ancestor worship (including Confucianism)^[17] are the traditional Chinese beliefs that continue to have adherents among the Chinese Filipinos. Some may even have Jesus Christ as well as Buddha statues or Taoist gods in their altars. It is not unheard of to venerate the blessed Virgin Mary using joss sticks and Buddhist offerings, much as one would have done for Mazu.^[18] Buddhist-Taoist temples can be found where the Chinese live, especially in urban areas like Manila, and the Chinese have the tendency to go to pay respects to their ancestors at least once a year, either by going to the temple, or going to the Chinese burial grounds, often burning incense and bringing offerings like fruits and accessories made from paper. Some Chinese-Filipino Catholics do have problems with this religious duality, but due to Christian proselytization, the elderly vastly outnumber the young in the Chinese temples in the Philippines. The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... Relief image of the bodhisattva Guan Yin from Mt. ... For other uses of the words tao and dao, see Dao (disambiguation). ... Ancestor worship, also ancestor veneration, is a religious practice based on the belief that ones ancestors possess supernatural powers. ... A Confucian temple in Wuwei, Peoples Republic of China. ... Clothed statues of Matsu Matsu (Traditional Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Ma-tsu; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Má-chó·; literally Mother-Ancestor), also spelled Mazu, is the Taoist goddess of the Sea who protects fishermen and sailors, and is revered as the patron saint who protects East Asians who are... For other meanings of the word, see Manila (disambiguation). ...

A comparatively large number of Chinese Filipinos are also Protestants. Chinese Filipinos comprise a large percentage of membership in some of the largest evangelical churches in the Philippines like Christ's Commission Fellowship and Greenhills Christian Fellowship. The United Evangelical Church of the Philippines, was founded by Chinese Filipinos, and they form the majority of worshippers.^[19] Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Relation to other religions Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Christianity Portal This box:      Protestantism encompasses the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated with the doctrines of the Reformation. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Relation to other religions Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Christianity Portal This box:      Evangelicalism is a theological perspective in Protestant Christianity which identifies with the gospel. ...

Civil Society

Aside from their family businesses, Chinese Filipinos are active in civic organizations related to education, health care, public safety, social welfare and public charity. As most Chinese Filipinos are reluctant to participate in politics and government, they have instead turned to civic organizations as their primary means of contributing to the general welfare of the Chinese-Filipino community and to the betterment of Philippine society. Beyond the traditional family and clan associations, Chinese Filipinos tend to be active members of numerous alumni associations holding annual reunions for the benefit of their Chinese-Filipino secondary schools.^[20] Outside of secondary schools catering to Chinese Filipinos, some Chinese Filipino businessmen have established charitable foundations to benefit Philippine society. Notable ones include the Gokongwei Brothers Foundation, Metrobank Foundation, Tan Ya Kee Foundation, Angelo King Foundation, Jollibee Foundation, Alfonso Yuchengco Foundation, Cityland Foundation, etc. Some Chinese-Filipino benefactors have also contributed to the creation of several centers of scholarship in prestigious Philippine Universities, including the John Gokongwei School of Management at Ateneo de Manila, the Yuchengco Center at De La Salle University, and the Ricardo Leong Center of Chinese Studies at Ateneo de Manila. Coincidentally, both Ateneo and La Salle enroll a large number of Chinese-Filipino students. In health care, Chinese Filipinos were instrumental in establishing and building renowned medical centers in the country including the Chinese General Hospital, the Metropolitan Hospital, the Angelo King Medical Center at De La Salle University's Health Sciences Campus, and the St. Luke's Medical Center, one of Asia's leading health care institutions. In public safety, Teresita Ang See's Kaisa, a Chinese-Filipino civil rights group, organized the Citizens Action Against Crime and the Movement for the Restoration of Peace and Order at the height of a wave of anti-Chinese kidnapping incidents in the early 1990s.^[21] In addition to fighting crime, Chinese Filipinos have organized volunteer fire brigades all over the country, reportedly the best in the nation.^[22] In the arts and culture, the Bahay Tsinoy and the Yuchengco Museum were established by Chinese Filipinos to showcase the arts, culture and history of Chinese Filipinos and the Philippines.^[23]

Surnames

Most Chinese Filipinos today have single syllable Chinese surnames, the most common of which are Tan (陳), Ong (王), Lim (林), Go/Ngo (吳), Ng/Uy (黃), Chua (蔡), Sy/See/Si (施),Co(許) and Lee/Dy（李). Chinese Filipinos as well as Chinese mestizos who trace their roots back to Chinese immigrants to the Philippines during the Spanish Colonial Period usually have multiple syllable Chinese surnames such as Lacson, Biazon, Tuazon, Ongpin, Yuchengco, Quebengco, Chuacuco, Cojuangco, Cukingnan, Yupangco, and Tanbengco, among such others. These were originally full Chinese names which were transliterated into Spanish and adopted as surnames. In contrast, more recent immigrants have single syllable Chinese surnames. Many Chinese mestizos (as well as Spanish-Chinese and Tornatras) have also either inherited or took on Spanish or indigenous surnames, such as Bautista, Madrigal, or Santos. For other uses, see Chen. ... Wang (王; pinyin: Wáng) is one of the most common and ancient Chinese family names. ... Lin can be a pinyin transcription of one of several Chinese surnames, with æž— (pinyin Lín) being overwhelmingly the most common. ... Wu is the Pinyin transliteration of the Chinese surname 吳 (Traditional Chinese), 吴 (Simplified Chinese), which is 10th most common surname in Mainland China. ... Huang is the transliteration of the Chinese surname (Simplified Chinese: 黄; Traditional Chinese: 黃; Hanyu Pinyin: ), which also has the literal meaning yellow. ... 蔡; Cài Cài (Simplified and Traditional Chinese: 蔡) is a Chinese surname that derives from the name of the ancient Cai state. ... Shi can be: The Chinese term (è©©) for poetry. ... Xu can be a pinyin transliteration of one of several Chinese surnames: 徐 (pinyin Xú, also spelled Hsu or Tsui or Eu) 許 (traditional) or 许 (simplified), (pinyin XÇ”, also spelled Hui or Hii) In this context it is pronounced somewhat like Shoo or simply Shh. ... Look up Li in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Tornatras is a term denoting a Eurasian person of mixed Spanish and Chinese descent in the Philippines. ...

History

Presence of peoples from the Chinese mainland in the Philippines has been evident since during the Ice Age, when a land bridge enabled many people from southern China to settle in the Philippines. But they are not to be confused for the later Sinitic-speaking peoples (ethnic Chinese) who came long after the land bridge submerged. These ethnic Chinese sailed down and frequently interacted with the indigenous tribes as evidenced by a collection of priceless Chinese artifacts found in the Philippines, dating back right up to the 10th century. Prehistoric evidence attest to the fact that many datus and rajahs (indigenous rulers) in the Philippines were of mixed Filipino and Chinese ancestry. They formed the group which is to be called Principalia during the Spanish period, and were given privileges by the Spanish colonial authorities. Chinese (written) language (pinyin: zhōngw n) written in Chinese characters The Chinese language (汉语/漢語, 华语/華語, or 中文; Pinyin: H nyǔ, Hu yǔ, or Zhōngw n) is a member of the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. ... Datu or datto is the title for ancient tribal chieftains and monarchs in pre-Hispanic Philippines. ... A Raja (sometimes spelled Rajah) is a king, or princely ruler. ... The Principalía was the ruling class in the municipalities of Spanish Philippines composed of the Gobernadorcillo or the Municipal Captain who presided over it, the First Lieutenant, the former Municipal Captains or ex-Gobernadorcillos, the municipal judges, the newly formed cabezas de baranggay (cabezas reformados), and the awardees of...

The arrival of the Spaniards to the Philippines attracted many Chinese male immigrants from China, and maritime trade flourished during the Spanish occupation. The Spanish authorities restricted the activities of the Chinese immigrants and confined them to the Parían near Intramuros. With low chances of employment and prohibited from owning land, most of them engaged in retail trades or acted as skilled artisans to the Spanish colonial authorities. Many of the Chinese who arrived during the Spanish period were Cantonese, who worked as stevedores and porters, but there were also Fujianese, who entered the retail trades. The Chinese revolted fourteen times, against Spanish abuses, but their revolts were quickly put down by joint forces of the indigenous Filipinos, Mexicans, and the Spaniards. Deeply distrustful of the Chinese immigrants, the Spaniards conducted a total of six massacres against the them, two of which were successful. Fearful of a reprisal from China, Spanish authorities sent envoys to China explain their actions but were surprised to learn that the Chinese rulers were markedly indifferent to the plight of the Chinese immigrants. As it were, the Chinese rulers at the time forbade their Chinese subjects from emigrating and made the crime of leaving China punishable by death upon their return. To the Chinese rulers, those who had abandoned their homeland to settle in foreign lands were considered traitors who ceased to be Chinese.^[24] In addition, the Spanish authorities decided to segregate the Chinese immigrants into two groups: Parían (unconverted) and Binondo (converted). The massacres and expulsions targeted the unconverted while sparing the converted Chinese. To avoid this grim fate, most Chinese male immigrants converted to Catholicism, intermarried with indigenous women, and adopted Hispanized names and customs. The children of unions between indigenous Filipinos and Chinese were called Mestizos de Sangley or Chinese mestizos, while those between Spaniards and Chinese were called Tornatrás and were classified as blanco or white, together with the mixed-race Spanish mestizos and pure-blooded Spanish Filipinos. The Chinese mestizos were largely confined to the Binondo area. However, they eventually spread all over the islands, and became traders, moneylenders and landowners.^[25] Intramuros circa 1920s Walls of Intramuros, located along the southern bank of the Pasig River, is the oldest among the districts of the city of Manila, the capital of the Philippines. ... Binondo is a enclave in Manila primarily populated by overseas Chinese who chose to live in the Philippines. ... Sangley or Sangley Mestizo is a term used by Filipinos and Europeans to describe a Filipino of half Chinese-Malay blood, or of half Spanish-Chinese blood. ... Tornatrás is an archaic term denoting a Eurasian person of mixed Spanish and Chinese descent in the Philippines, as well as persons of mixed Indio (Spanish-era term for Filipinos), Chinese, and Spanish ancestry. ... Binondo is a enclave in Manila primarily populated by overseas Chinese who chose to live in the Philippines. ...

During the American Colonial Period, the Chinese Exclusion Act in the United States was also put into effect in the Philippines.^[26] Nevertheless, the Chinese were able to settle in the Philippines, despite strict American law enforcement. During World War II, the Japanese massacred many unmixed Chinese. Following World War II and the fall of the Chinese mainland to communism, many Chinese migrated from Fujian province in China to the Philippines. This group formed the bulk of the current population of Chinese Filipinos.^[27] This article is about the form of society and political movement. ...

Beginning World War II, Chinese Filipino soldiers and guerillas joined in the fight against the Japanese Imperial Forces during the Japanese Occupation in the Philippines (1941-1945). In April 9, 1942, many Chinese Filipino Prisoners of War were killed by Japanese Forces during the Bataan Death March after the fall of Bataan and Corregidor in 1942. Thousands of Chinese Filipino soldiers and guerillas died of heroism in the Philippines from 1941 to 1945 during World War II. Over hundreds of thousands of the Chinese Filipino soldiers and guerillas were attacked by Japanese Imperial Forces during the liberation of the Philippines. Thousands of Chinese Filipino Veterans are interred in the Shrine of Martyr's Freedom of the Filipino Chinese in World War II located in Manila.^[28] Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Note on correct pronunciation: Filipino (Tagalog) speakers pronounce Bataan as (phonetically) Bata-An. In English, the name is rendered Baaa-Tan or Bat-tan. The Bataan Death March (also known as The Death March of Bataan) took place in the Philippines in 1942 and was later accounted as a Japanese... This article is about province of the Philippines. ... Corregidor and the entrance to Manila Bay Corregidor in 1941 Corregidor is an island in the entrance of the Philippines Manila Bay. ... Year 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...

After independence, successive Philippine presidents have had ambivalent attitudes about the Chinese Filipinos. Presidents Ramon Magsaysay and Carlos P. Garcia promoted the Filipino First policies, and put in tough government directives to hinder the ownership of businesses by Chinese Filipinos who were still citizens of the Republic of China. During the Martial Law Period, Chinese language schools were ordered closed or else to limit the time alloted for Chinese language, history, and culture subjects from 4 hours to 2 hours, and instead devote them to the study of Filipino languages and culture. This method of teaching persists to this very day. Marcos' policy eventually led to the formal assimilation of the Chinese Filipinos into mainstream Filipino society.^[29] Following People Power Revolution (EDSA 1), the Chinese Filipinos quickly gained national spotlight as Cory Aquino, a Chinese mestiza, eventually became president.^[30] She encouraged free press and cultural harmony, a process which led to the burgeoning of the Chinese language media. Mild racist riots occurred during 1992 when several Filipinos, led by Armando Ducat, Jr., a businessman, campaigned for 'kicking-out the Chinese-Filipinos instead of the Americans', referring to the formal closure of the American military bases in the Philippines, and during 1998, when a Chinese mestizo, Senator Alfredo Lim, entered the candidacy for president. Also, numerous incidents of crimes such kidnap-for-ransom, extortion and other forms of harassment were committed against the Chinese Filipino community starting in the early 1990s and lasting to this day. Senior members of the Philippine Military were allegedly involved.^[31] For the municipality, see Ramon Magsaysay, Zamboanga del Sur. ... Carlos Polistico Garcia (November 4, 1896 – June 14, 1971) was the 8th president of the Philippines (1957-1961). ... For the Chinese civilization, see China. ... Battlespace Weapons Tactics Strategy Organization Logistics Lists War Portal         For other uses, see Martial law (disambiguation). ... The EDSA Revolution, also referred to as the People Power Revolution and the Philippine Revolution of 1986, was a mostly nonviolent mass demonstration in the Philippines. ... María Corazón Sumulong Cojuangco Aquino (born January 25, 1933), widely known as Cory Aquino, was President of the Philippines from 1986 to 1992. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... Alfredo Siojo Lim (born December 21, 1929) is the newly-elected Mayor of the City of Manila and a former senator of the Philippines. ...

Future

Most of the Chinese Filipinos are descendants of Chinese who migrated three or four generations ago. In the case of most Chinese mestizos, this can be as far back as five, six, or up to eight generations ago. Unlike in Malaysia and Indonesia where intermarriage is uncommon and people can generally be classified ethnically just by physical appearance, the Philippine definition of who is Chinese Filipino and who is Chinese mestizo can be based on one's language usage and cultural values. A full-blooded Chinese who can no longer speak Chinese and no longer practice Chinese culture or beliefs is more often than not identified as a Chinese mestizo. By the same token, a Chinese mestizo who still speaks fluent Chinese and practices Chinese culture might be reintegrated into the Chinese-Filipino culture. As "mestizo" often evokes a person of higher social strata, there is also a tendency to not identify those in the lower class as "mestizo" even if they are in fact of mixed descent.

The Chinese in the Philippines cannot be simplistically classified. But generally, some observers claim they can be classified into three types, based on when their ancestors first arrived. Most of the Chinese mestizos, especially the landed gentry trace their ancestry to the Spanish era. They are the "First Chinese" or Sangley whose descendants nowadays are mostly either the Chinese mestizos or have integrated into the indigenous population. The largest group of Chinese Filipinos in the Philippines are the "Second Chinese," who are descendants of migrants in the first half of the 20th century, between the anti-Manchu Xinhai Revolution in China and the Chinese Civil War. This group accounts for most of the "full-blooded" Chinese. The "Third Chinese" are the recent immigrants from mainland China, after the Chinese economic reform of the 1980s. Generally, the "Third Chinese" are the most entrepreneurial and have not totally lost their Chinese identity in its purest form and therefore are paradoxically misunderstood or feared by the "Second Chinese". Because the "Third Chinese" are recent arrivals from mainland China where Mao's Cultural Revolution suppressed traditional Chinese culture, the "Second Chinese" view them with disdain for their uncouth manners and ignorant ways of traditional Chinese culture which was kept alive by the "Second Chinese" for nearly four generations in the Philippines.^[32] On the other hand, the "First Chinese" or Sangley had largely intermarried and assimilated into a Hispanized Catholic culture since the 17th century. After the end of Spanish rule, their descendants, the Chinese mestizos, managed to invent a cosmopolitan mestizo culture coupled with an extravagant Mestizo de Sangley lifestyle.^[33] Sangley or Sangley Mestizo is a term used by Filipinos and Europeans to describe a Filipino of half Chinese-Malay blood, or of half Spanish-Chinese blood. ... Belligerents Qing Dynasty Chinese Revolutionary Alliance Commanders Feng Guozhang, Yuan Shikai, and local Qing governors. ... Belligerents Nationalist Party of China Communist Party of China Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Mao Zedong Strength 4,300,000 (July 1946) 3,650,000 (June 1948) 1,490,000 (June 1949) 1,200,000 (July 1946) 2,800,000 (June 1948) 4,000,000 (June 1949) The Chinese Civil War... This article is about the Peoples Republic of China. ... Sangley or Sangley Mestizo is a term used by Filipinos and Europeans to describe a Filipino of half Chinese-Malay blood, or of half Spanish-Chinese blood. ... Sangley or Sangley Mestizo is a term used by Filipinos and Europeans to describe a Filipino of half Chinese-Malay blood, or of half Spanish-Chinese blood. ...

As of the present day, due to the effects of globalization in the Philippines, there has been a marked tendency to acculturate to North American lifestyles. This is especially true for younger Chinese Filipinos living in wealthy suburbs like Greenhills, San Juan, Metro Manila^[34] who are gradually shifting to English as their preferred language, thus identifying more with North American culture. Some Chinese mestizos tend also to reintegrate into Chinese societies by attending Chinese schools, learning to speak Chinese and adopting Chinese customs. Although at a slower pace than Thailand^[35], assimilation is gradually taking place in the Philippines but integration without losing Chinese culture is advantageous for the Philippines and for the Chinese Filipino business community. The City of San Juan (Filipino: Lungsod ng San Juan) is a city in Metro Manila in the Philippines. ... Not to be confused with Intermarriage. ...

With the onset of globalization since the 1990s, increasing numbers of well-to-do Chinese Filipino families are acquiring North American passports and sending their children abroad to attend prestigious North America Universities.^[36] Many are opting to remain after graduation to start professional careers in North America. Philippine-educated Chinese Filipinos from middle-class families are also migrating en masse to North America and Australasia. Those who have family businesses regularly commute between North America and the Philippines. In this way, they follow the well-known pattern of other Chinese immigrants to North America who lead "astronaut" lifestyles: family in North America, business in Asia.^[37] Furthermore, many Chinese-Filipino entrepreneurs and professionals have flocked to their ancestral homeland to partake of business and employment opportunities opened up by China's emergence as a global economic superpower.^[38] It is unclear how globalization would affect the integration options for Chinese Filipinos. If they remain in the Philippines, many would likely intermarry and assimilate into the indigenous population following the historical pattern of earlier generations of Chinese immigrants. If they migrate to North America or Australasia, they would be joining rapidly growing Asian communities in the multicultural cities of San Francisco^[39], Silicon Valley^[40], Los Angeles^[41], Vancouver^[42] , Toronto^[43], Sydney^[44], Melbourne^[45], etc.

List of Chinese-Filipinos with Fujian Chinese ancestry

• Emilio Aguinaldo (Fujian Chinese-Tagalog) ---Filipino general, politician, independence leader, first president of the Philippines, dictator of the Dictatorial Government, President of the Revolutionary Government, president of the nascent first Philippine Republic
• Corazón Cojuangco Aquino (Fujian Chinese-Kapampangan-Spanish-Tagalog) --- became President of the Philippines in 1986 and moral leader of the People Power uprising against the Marcos authoritarian regime; her ancestral roots are in Hong Chiam Village in Tung-An county near Xiamen City of Fujian province, China
• Benigno "Noynoy" Aquino (Fujian Chinese-Kapangpangan-Spanish-Tagalog) --- politician, genuine opposition, son of President Aquino.
• Kris Aquino (Fujian Chinese-Kapampangan-Spanish-Tagalog) --- popular TV talk show host and daughter of President Aquino
• Lim Eng Beng (pure Fujian Chinese) --- Professional basketball player.
• Tony Tan Caktiong (pure Fujian Chinese) --- fast food chain tycoon.
• Jose Yao Campos (pure Fujian Chinese) --- founder of United Laboratories.
• Jose Mari Chan (pure Fujian Chinese) --- singer and songwriter, son of Chinese immigrant sugar tycoon Antonio Chan from Fujian, China
• Charlie Chao (pure Fujian Chinese) --- Feng Shui Expert.
• Kim Chiu (Chinese-Cebuano) --- Pinoy Big Brother Teen Housemate, Actress and Singer.
• Amy Chua (pure Fujian Chinese) --- John M. Duff, Jr. Professor of Law at Yale Law School. Author of World on Fire. Daughter of Leon O. Chua.
• Francis "Ang Biao" Chua (pure Fujian Chinese) --- President of the Federation of Filipino-Chinese Chambers of Commerce and Industry, Inc. (FFCCCII)
• Leon O. Chua (pure Fujian Chinese) --- Professor of Electrical Engineering at UC Berkeley. World-renowned pioneer in neural networks, chaos theory, and nonlinear circuits. Father of Amy Chua.
• Simon L. Chua (pure Fujian Chinese) --- famous mathematics educator, founder and president of the Mathematics Trainers' Guild, Philippines, and the first Filipino awardee of the Paul Erdos Award which is considered by the mathematics world as the Nobel Prize of Mathematics.
• Chua Cu (now Chuacuco) (pure Fujian Chinese) --- founder of Che Yong Cua Chua Family association.
• Fortunano "Atoy" Co (pure Fujian Chinese) --- Professional basketball player, politician, former councillor of Pasig City.
• Eduardo "Danding" Cojuangco Jr. (Fujian Chinese-Kapampangan-American) --- tycoon and politician, boss of San Miguel Corporation and leader of Nationalist People's Coalition.
• Mikee Cojuangco (Fujian Chinese-Spanish-Tagalog) --- former actress.
• David Mendoza Consunji (Fujian Chinese-Spanish-Tagalog) --- civil engineer, construction company founder, former Secretary of Public Works.
• Ramon A. Cukingnan Jr. (pure Fujian Chinese) --- Prominent Cardiothoracic Surgeon and Professor in UCLA.
• Enchong Dee (Fujian Chinese-Bikolano) --- Actor, model and Philippine Swim team member.
• Howard Q. Dee (pure Fujian Chinese) --- former Philippine Ambassador to the Vatican and Malta, government negotiator with Communist rebels, past President of top pharmaceuticals firm United Laboratories, head of various civic organizations and a great-grandnephew of 19th century lumber pioneer Dy Bo Lan.
• Wilson Lee Flores (pure Fujian Chinese) --- Award-winning writer and journalist. Past President of Anvil Business Club.^[46]
• Gwen Garci (Mai Ang Lee) (pure Fujian Chinese) --- A former Chinese Filipino Actress and member of the VIVA Hot Babes.
• John Gokongwei (pure Fujian Chinese) --- self-made tycoon, founder of JG Summit Holdings.
• Andrew Gotianum (pure Fujian Chinese) --- real estate tycoon.
• Alfredo Lim (Fujian Chinese-Tagalog) --- current Manila mayor and former senator of the Philippines.
• Gen. Vicente Lim --- the first Filipino to graduate from West Point.
• Ferdinand Marcos (Fujian Chinese-Japanese-Ilocano) --- President from 1965 to 1986. In a speech before the Federation of Filipino-Chinese Chambers of Commerce and Industry, Inc. (FFCCCII) in 1966, he remarked: "I have Chinese blood in me...I am not ashamed to admit that perhaps the great leaders of our country all have Chinese blood."
• Imee Marcos (Fujian Chinese-Japanese-Ilocano-Waray-Spanish) --- Congresswoman of Ilocos Norte.
• Bobby Ongpin (pure Fujian Chinese) --- former Trade and Industry Minister in martial law.
• Román Ongpin (pure Fujian Chinese) --- patron of artists and revolutionaries against Spanish rule.
• Sergio Osmeña (Fujian Chinese-Cebuano-Spanish) --- former President of the Philippines.
• Robert Parungao (Chinese-Filipino Canadian) --- Founder of New Voices Project in Vancouver.^[47]
• General Jose Ignacio Paua (pure Fujian Chinese) --- pure-blooded Chinese general (from the village of Lao-Na) who supported the Katipuneros in the fight against the Spaniards and later joined Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo’s army in the short-lived war against the Americans.
• Dominic Penalosa (Chinese-Filipino Canadian) --- Founder of worldfriends.tv.^[48]
• St. Lorenzo Ruiz (Fujian Chinese-Tagalog) --- first Filipino saint, said to be surnamed Li.
• José Rizal (Fujian Chinese-Spanish-Japanese-Tagalog) --- Filipino national hero, polymath, physician, novelist, nationalist and martyr surnamed Chua.
• Beatriz Saw (Fujian Chinese-Taiwanese-Bikolano) --- Pinoy Big Brother Season 2 winner.
• Teresita Ang See (pure Fujian Chinese) --- Civil and human rights activist.
• Jaime Cardinal Sin (Fujian Chinese-Capiznon) --- powerful Philippine Catholic leader ember College of Cardinals.
• Wesley So --- Chess prodigy.
• Henry Sy (pure Fujian Chinese) --- Shopping mall tycoon.
• Albino SyCip (pure Fujian Chinese) --- Known as the "Dean of Philippine Banking". A lawyer by profession, he earned his law degree from the University of Michigan School of Law in Ann Arbor, Michigan. He co-founded Chinabank and set up branches in Xiamen and Shanghai, China. Father of Washington and Alexander SyCip.
• Alexander SyCip (Fujian Chinese) --- Founder of SyCip Salazar Hernandez & Gatmaitan, largest and leading law firm in the Philippines.
• Washington SyCip (Fujian Chinese) --- Founder of SyCip Gorres & Verayo, one of the largest accounting firms in Asia; Chairman Emeritus, Asian Institute of Management.
• Lucio Tan (pure Fujian Chinese) --- Billionaire and patron of Chinese language education.
• Claudio Teehankee, Sr. (Fujian Chinese-Tagalog) --- Retired Chief Justice
• George S. K. Ty (pure Fujian Chinese) --- banking tycoon. Management Association of the Philippines 2007 Man of the Year.^[49]
• Arthur Yap (pure Fujian Chinese) --- Secretary of Department of Agriculture.
• Emilio Yap (pure Fujian Chinese) --- Manila Bulletin, Manila Hotel and Euro-Phil Laboratories owner.
• Tan Yu --- real-estate tycoon and owner of Fuga island in Babuyan group of islands, Cagayan.
• Alfonso Yuchengco (Fujian Chinese-Tagalog) --- insurance tycoon with roots in Nan'an, Fujian and founder of controversial Pacific Plans.
• Enrique T. Yuchengco (Fujian Chinese-Tagalog) --- Insurance tycoon and father of controversial Pacific Plans, Inc. founder Alfonso Yuchengco.
• Rodolfo Lozada Jr. (Fujian Chinese Mestizo) --- witness of the NBN-ZTE deal

Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy (March 22, 1869 – February 6, 1964) was a Filipino general, politician, and independence leader. ... Order 11th President of the Philippines (1st President of the 5th Republic) Term of Office February 25, 1986 – June 30, 1992 Vice President Salvador Laurel Predecessor Ferdinand Marcos Successor Fidel V. Ramos Born January 25, 1933 Manila, Philippines María Corazón Sumulong Cojuangco Aquino (born January 25, 1933), widely... Tongan District (Chinese: 同安区 Pinyin: Tóngān QÅ«) is a northern mainland district of Xiamen which faces Jinmen. ... A view of the Xiamen University campus Xiamen (Simplified Chinese: 厦门; Traditional Chinese: 廈門; Hanyu Pinyin: ) is a coastal sub-provincial city in southeastern Fujian province, Peoples Republic of China. ... Kris Aquino (born Kristina Bernadette Cojuangco Aquino on February 14, 1971 in Quezon City) is a television and movie personality in the Philippines. ... Lim Eng Beng (林鷹鳴), is a former Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) player. ... Tony Tan Caktiong is the founder of Philippine fast food chain Jollibee. ... Jose Mari Chan is a popular Filipino singer-songwriter and businessman. ... Fēng Shuǐ (風水 – literally, wind and water pronounced fung shuway), which may be more than 3000 years old, is the ancient practice of placement to achieve harmony with the environment. ... OFFICIAL FRIENDSTER ACCOUNT OF KIM CHIU: kimchiu19@abscbn. ... Amy Chua (born 1962) is the John M. Duff, Jr. ... The Sterling Law Building Sculptural ornamentation on the Sterling Law Building Yale Law School, or YLS, is the law school of Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut. ... World On Fire: How Exporting Free Market Democracy Breeds Ethnic Hatred and Global Instability is a book published in 2002 and written by Amy Chua, as an academic study into ethnic divisions in a society. ... Amy Chua (born 1962) is the John M. Duff, Jr. ... Fortunato Atoy Co is a former Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) basketball player who was part of the fabled Crispa Redmanizers ballclub that won two Grand Slams, in 1976 and 1983. ... The City of Pasig (Filipino: Lungsod ng Pasig) is one of the cities and municipalities that make up Metro Manila in the Philippines. ... Eduardo Danding Murphy Cojuangco, Jr. ... Mikaela María Antonia de los Reyes Cojuangco-Jaworski, better known simply as Mikee Cojuangco, is an equestrianne, local television host and actress from the Philippines. ... Ernest Lorenzo (Enchong) Dee (born November 5, 1988) is a Filipino actor, model, and champion swimmer. ... Wilson Lee Flores is a multi-awarded writer and journalist and currently president of The Anvil Business Club, a Chinese-Filipino business organization. ... John Gokongwei, Jr. ... Alfredo Siojo Lim (born December 21, 1929) is the newly-elected Mayor of the City of Manila and a former senator of the Philippines. ... For other meanings of the word, see Manila (disambiguation). ... Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralín Marcos (September 11, 1917 – September 28, 1989) was President of the Philippines from 1966 to 1986. ... Imee Marcos aka Maria Imelda Josefa Romualdez Marcos (born November 12, 1955) is the eldest daughter of Ferdinand Edralin Marcos, the former President of the Philippines (1965 - 1986) and former First Lady Imelda Romualdez Marcos. ... Sergio Osmeña (September 9, 1878 – October 19, 1961) was the second President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines. ... For the municipality in the Philippines, see San Lorenzo Ruiz, Camarines Norte. ... For places, institutions and objects named after this person, see Rizal (disambiguation). ... Beatriz Saw is the 4th winner in the series of Pinoy Big Brother Season 2. ... Jaime Cardinal Sin, Archbishop of Manila, Philippines (1974-2005) Jaime Cardinal Sin, also Jaime Lachica Sin (August 31, 1928–June 21, 2005) (Chinese name: 辛海梅; 辛海棉), was an archbishop of the Roman Catholic Church in the Philippines. ... Wesley So (born October 9, 1993) is a Filipino GM-titled chess player. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Chinabank or China Bank (PSE: CHIB), formally known as China Banking Corporation, is one of the largest banks in the Philippines, ranking eleventh in terms of assets. ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... Washington SyCip (born June 30, 1921) is the Chinese Filipino founder of the Asian Institute of Management and the founder of SyCip Gorres Velayo and Company. ... Lucio Tan (born July 17, 1934) is a prominent Filipino business magnate. ... Claudio Teehankee Sr. ... The Manila Bulletin, bills itself as The Nations Leading Newspaper in the Philippines. ... Alfonso T. Yuchengco, popularly known as Ambassador Yuchengco, is a prominent industrialist, certified public accountant, educator, and diplomat in the Philippines. ... Nanan may refer to: Nanan District in Chongqing municipality. ...

See also

This article contains Chinese text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters.

• Chinese-Filipinos who migrated to Mexico during the galleon trade
• Tornatrás
• Sangley
• Grace Christian High School
• Xavier School
• Chiang Kai Shek College

Image File history File links Zhongwen. ... The UTF-8-encoded Japanese Wikipedia article for mojibake, as displayed in ISO-8859-1 encoding. ... Japanese name Kanji: Hiragana: Korean name Hangul: Hanja: Vietnamese name Quốc ngữ: Hán tá»±: A Chinese character or Han character (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ) is a logogram used in writing Chinese, Japanese, rarely Korean, and formerly Vietnamese. ... Chinatowns in Latin America (Spanish: barrios chinos, singular barrio chino) developed with the rise of Chinese immigration in the 19th century to various countries in Latin America as contract laborers (i. ... Tornatrás is an archaic term denoting a Eurasian person of mixed Spanish and Chinese descent in the Philippines, as well as persons of mixed Indio (Spanish-era term for Filipinos), Chinese, and Spanish ancestry. ... Sangley or Sangley Mestizo is a term used by Filipinos and Europeans to describe a Filipino of half Chinese-Malay blood, or of half Spanish-Chinese blood. ... Xavier School (Abbreviation: XS; Filipino: Paaralang Xavier; Simplified Chinese: 光启学校; Traditional Chinese: 光啓學校; Pinyin: GuāngqÄ­ Xúexìao; Hokkien: Kông KhÄ“ Hák Hàu), located in San Juan, Metro Manila, Philippines, is a private, Catholic college preparatory school for boys run by the Society of Jesus Philippine Province. ... Chiang Kai Shek College is an institution of higher learning founded by overseas Filipino-Chinese that is recognized by both government of the Republic of the Philippines and the Republic of China. ...

References

External links

• Kaisa Heritage Center
• Filipino community
• Article on Kaisa experience in the Philippines
• Kaisa Para Kaunlaran Inc.
• Tulay Fortnightly, Chinese-Filipino Digest
• Chinese Commercial News
• World News (Chinese newspaper)
• Chinese Mestizo surnames
• Tsinoy.com (Chinese-Filipino website)

v • d • e Ethnic groups in the Philippines Filipinos | Overseas Filipinos The various ethnic groups in the Philippines identify themselves based on one or several factors like ancestry, language, religion or a shared history. ... Language(s) Tagalog, Visayan languages, Ilocano, Tausug, other Philippine languages, English Religion(s) Predominantly Catholic; Protestantism; Iglesia Ni Cristo; Islam; Nonreligious Related ethnic groups Filipino people, Filipino American, Filipino Canadian, Filipino Australian, Filipino British, Filipino Hong Konger An Overseas Filipino is a person of Philippine origin who lives outside of... Indigenous groups Bicolano · Ibanag · Ilocano · Ivatan · Kapampangan · Moro · Pangasinan · Sambal · Tagalog  · Visayan  · Tribal groups Non-indigenous groups American · Arab · British · Chinese · Desi · French · German · Indonesian · Japanese · Jewish · Korean · Mexican · Spanish · Vietnamese The Bicolanos are the the fifth-largest Filipino ethnic group. ... The Ibanags are an ethnic minority numbering a little more than half a million people, who inhabit the provinces of Cagayan, Isabela and Nueva Vizcaya. ... The Ilocano or Ilokano people are the third largest Filipino ethnic group. ... The Ivatan are a Filipino ethnic group predominant in the Batanes Islands of the Philippines. ... The Kapampangans or Capampañgans (Spanish: pampangos or pampangueños) are the eighth largest Filipino ethnic group, numbering at about 2,890,000. ... â–ˆ Bangsamoro territory under Moro control â–ˆ Historical extent The Moros form the largest non-Christian ethnic group in the Philippines, comprising about 5% of the total Filipino population as of 2005. ... See also Pangasinan The Pangasinan people or Pangasinense (a hispanicized term) are the eighth largest Filipino ethnic group. ... The Sambal people, also spelled Zambal form one of the most important Filipino ethnicities. ... The Tagalogs are one of the largest Filipino ethnic groups. ... Bisaya redirects here. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... Arab Filipinos constitute of Philippine citizens of Arab descent, including, but not limited to, mestizos. ... According to recent survey, the number of South Asians in the Philippines are approximately 32,500 people. ...