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Historically, ancient China has been one of the world's oldest empires. In ancient Chinese political theory, relations between foreign states were governed by the tributary system. Since the Emperor of China held the Mandate of Heaven, his rule was universal and extended to All under heaven. Sometimes neighboring states were actual protectorates or vassal states over which China exerted large amounts of influence, while in other cases foreign states merely acknowledged China's nominal suzerainty in order to gain access to Chinese trade, which took place through the tributary system. Image File history File links History_of_China. ...
The history of China is detailed by historical records dating as far back as 16th century BC. China is one of the worlds oldest continuous civilizations. ...
The Three August Ones and Five Emperors (Chinese: 三皇五å¸; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: san-huang wu-ti) were mythological rulers of China during the period from c. ...
This article is about the extremely ancient Chinese dynasty whose existence has yet to be thoroughly confirmed by archaeology. ...
The ShÄng Dynasty (Chinese: 商æœ) or YÄ«n Dynasty (殷代) (ca. ...
Alternative meaning: Zhou Dynasty (690 CE - 705 CE) The Zhou Dynasty (周朝; Wade-Giles: Chou Dynasty) (late 10th century BC to late 9th century BC - 256 BC) followed the Shang (Yin) Dynasty and preceded the Qin Dynasty in China. ...
The Zhou Dynasty (Chinese: 周æœ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: chou chao; 11th century BC to 256 BC) followed the Shang (Yin) Dynasty and preceded the Qin Dynasty in China. ...
The Spring and Autumn Period (Chinese: 春秋時代; Hanyu Pinyin: ) represented an era in Chinese history between 722 BC and 481 BC. The period takes its name from the Spring and Autumn Annals, a chronicle of the period whose authorship was traditionally attributed to Confucius. ...
Alternative meaning: Zhou Dynasty (690 CE - 705 CE) The Zhou Dynasty (周朝; Wade-Giles: Chou Dynasty) (late 10th century BC to late 9th century BC - 256 BC) followed the Shang (Yin) Dynasty and preceded the Qin Dynasty in China. ...
Alternative meaning: Warring States Period (Japan) The Warring States Period (Traditional Chinese: 戰國時代; Simplified Chinese: 战国时代; Pinyin: Zhà nguó ShÃdà i) covers the period from sometime in the 5th century BC to the unification of China by the Qin in 221 BC. It is nominally considered to be the second part...
The Qin Dynasty (Chinese: 秦æœ; Pinyin: QÃn Cháo; Wade-Giles: Chin Chao) (221 BC - 206 BC) was preceded by the Zhou Dynasty and followed by the Han Dynasty in China. ...
The Han Dynasty (Traditional Chinese characters: 漢朝, Simplified Chinese characters: 汉朝, pinyin Hàncháo 202 BC - AD 220) followed the Qin Dynasty and preceded the Three Kingdoms in China. ...
The Han Dynasty (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Han Chau; 206 BC–AD 220) followed the Qin Dynasty and preceded the Three Kingdoms in China. ...
The Xin Dynasty (Chinese: æ–°æœ; Hanyu Pinyin: xÄ«n cháo; meaning New Dynasty; 8-23) was a dynasty (even though, contrary to the usual meaning of a dynasty, it had but one emperor) in Chinese history. ...
The Han Dynasty (Traditional Chinese characters: 漢朝, Simplified Chinese characters: 汉朝, pinyin Hàncháo 202 BC - AD 220) followed the Qin Dynasty and preceded the Three Kingdoms in China. ...
The Three Kingdoms in 262, on the eve of the conquest of Shu. ...
The Jin Dynasty (晉 pinyin jìn, 265-420) followed the Three Kingdoms and preceded the Southern and Northern Dynasties in China. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
The Sixteen Kingdoms, or less commonly the Sixteen States, were a collection of numerous short-lived sovereignities in the China proper and neighboring areas from AD 304 to 439 after the retreat of the Jin Dynasty (265-420) to South China and before the establishment of the Northern Dynasties. ...
The Jin Dynasty (晉 pinyin jìn, 265-420) followed the Three Kingdoms and preceded the Southern and Northern Dynasties in China. ...
This article is about China. ...
The Sui Dynasty (Chinese: ; pinyin: suà cháo; 581-618) followed the Southern and Northern Dynasties and preceded the Tang Dynasty in China. ...
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Wu Zetian (æ¦å‰‡å¤©) (625 - December 16, 705), personal name Wu Zhao (æ¦æ›Œ), was the only female emperor in the history of China, founding her own dynasty, the Zhou (周), and ruling under the name Emperor Shengshen (è–神皇å¸) from 690 to 705. ...
The Liao Dynasty (Traditional Chinese: , Simplified Chinese: , pinyin: Liáo Cháo), 907-1125, also known as the Khitan Empire, was an empire in northern China that ruled over the regions of Manchuria, Mongolia, and parts of northern China proper. ...
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (Traditional Chinese: 五代å國 Simplified Chinese: 五代å国 Hanyu pinyin: WÇ”dà ishÃguó) (907-960) was a period of political upheaval in China, between the Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty. ...
Alternative meaning: Song Dynasty (420-479) The Song dynasty (Chinese: 宋朝) was a ruling dynasty in China from 960-1279. ...
The Song Dynasty (Chinese: ) was a ruling dynasty in China from 960-1279. ...
The JÄ«n Dynasty (Jurchen: Anchu; Chinese: 金æœ; Pinyin: ; 1115-1234), also known as the Jurchen dynasty, was founded by the Wanyan (å®Œé¡ Wányán) clan of the Jurchen, the ancestors of the Manchus who established the Qing Dynasty some 500 years later. ...
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Alternative meaning: Song Dynasty (420-479) The Song dynasty (Chinese: 宋朝) was a ruling dynasty in China from 960-1279. ...
The Yuan Dynasty (Chinese: ; pinyin: Yuáncháo; Mongolian: Dai Ön Yeke Mongghul Ulus) lasting officially from 1271 to 1368. ...
For other articles with similar names, see Ming. ...
The Qing Dynasty (Chinese: ; Pinyin: Qīng cháo; Wade-Giles: Ching chao; Manchu: daicing gurun), occasionally known as the Manchu Dynasty, is a Chinese term for the Empire of the Great Qing (Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: dà qīngguó), founded by the Manchu clan Aisin Gioro, in what...
The Republic of China (Traditional Chinese: ä¸è¯æ°‘國; Pinyin: ZhÅng huá mÃn guó) succeeded the Qing Dynasty in 1912, ending 2,000 years of imperial rule. ...
From a political point of view, the Peoples Republic of China had, for several decades, been known as the political entity that is often synonymous with Mainland China. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
// Recovery in the 1990s After the June 4th Incident, a large number of overseas Chinese students were granted political refuge almost unconditionally by foreign governments. ...
Main articles: History of China, History of the Peoples Republic of China. ...
The Republic of China (Traditional Chinese: ä¸è¯æ°‘國; Pinyin: ZhÅng huá mÃn guó) succeeded the Qing Dynasty in 1912, ending 2,000 years of imperial rule. ...
The following is a timeline of the history of China: For a summary table of the dynasties in chinker history and their dates, check here. ...
Below is a table of the dynasties in Chinese history. ...
The military history of China extends from around 1500 BCE to the present day. ...
There was archieve dating back very early about the ancient navy of China. ...
What exactly constitutes an Empire (from the Latin imperium, denoting military command within the ancient Roman government) is a topic of intense debate within the scholarly community. ...
This article belongs in one or more categories. ...
The Emperor of China (Chinese: ; pinyin: Huángdì) was the title given to the rulers of China from the founding of the Qin Dynasty in 221 BC until the fall of the Qing Dynasty in 1912. ...
The Mandate of Heaven (天命 Pinyin: TiÄnmìng) was a traditional Chinese concept of legitimacy used to support the rule of the kings of the Shang Dynasty and later the Emperors of China. ...
All under heaven (Chinese: 天下; pinyin: tiān xi ) is a concept in Chinese history. ...
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A puppet state is a state whose government, though notionally of the same culture as the governed people - owes its existence (or other major debt) to being installed, supported or controlled by a more powerful entity, typically a foreign power. ...
Suzerainty refers to a situation in which a region or people is a tributary to a more powerful entity which allows the tributary some limited domestic autonomy but controls its foreign affairs. ...
The first dynasty to unify China was the Qin Dynasty, which consolidated its power with efficient administration and a strong central bureaucracy, and expanded outwards, annexing the other six kingdoms of the Warring States Period as well as other territory populated by non-Chinese speaking peoples, such as the Yue. Throughout its history, Chinese territory would vary depending on the changing fortunes of successive dynasties, alternating between periods of Chinese expansion and foreign invasion or rule. Chinese civilization expanded outwards in all directions from the area around the Yellow River, but especially towards the south. Several historical migrations, driven by war, natural disasters, foreign invasions, and/or population pressures, led to Han Chinese migration and settlement of new territories to the south, assimilating or displacing local peoples. In contrast, the north was largely a frontier inhabited by militaristic steppe peoples, and protected by the Great Wall. Chinese states often engaged in military campaigns in the north, but rarely established lasting control. The Qin Dynasty (Chinese: 秦æœ; Pinyin: QÃn Cháo; Wade-Giles: Chin Chao) (221 BC - 206 BC) was preceded by the Zhou Dynasty and followed by the Han Dynasty in China. ...
Alternative meaning: Warring States Period (Japan) The Warring States Period (Traditional Chinese: 戰國時代; Simplified Chinese: 战国时代; Pinyin: Zhà nguó ShÃdà i) covers the period from sometime in the 5th century BC to the unification of China by the Qin in 221 BC. It is nominally considered to be the second part...
Yue (Traditional Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Yüeh4; also seen as Yueh, Yuet, Việt) refers to ancient semi-Sinicized or non-Sinicized Chinese peoples of southern China, originally those along the eastern coastline of present-day Zhejiang province and Shanghai. ...
The Yellow River (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Hwang-ho, sometimes simply called the River in ancient Chinese) is the second longest river in China (after Yangtze River) and the fifth in the world. ...
Han Chinese (Simplified Chinese: 汉æ—; Traditional Chinese: æ¼¢æ—; Pinyin: hà nzú) is a term which refers to the majority ethnic group within China and the largest single human ethnic group in the world. ...
Great Wall can refer to several things: Great Wall of China Great Wall of Galaxies, part of the Coma Cluster This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...
China's last major period of territorial expansion was under the militaristic Qing Dynasty, whose rulers were not ethnically Han Chinese but Manchu. Their martial skills, non-Han origin and technological advantages allowed them to expand their territory in Mongolia, Central Asia, Tibet, and Taiwan. However in the 19th and early 20th century the Qing would themselves succumb to the militarily superior European powers engaging in imperialism in Asia, leading to their final collapse in 1911. During this period, China lost parts of its empire including Hong Kong (to Britain), Macau (to Portugal), Taiwan and the Pescadores (to Japan), northwestern Xinjiang and Outer Manchuria (to Russia), as well as tributaries such as Indochina (to France), Burma (to Britain), Korea and the Ryukyu Islands (to Japan). Under the Republic of China which succeeded the Chinese empire in 1912, Tannu Uriankhai was lost to Russia, while Mongolia became a Soviet satellite. The Qing Dynasty (Chinese: ; Pinyin: Qīng cháo; Wade-Giles: Ching chao; Manchu: daicing gurun), occasionally known as the Manchu Dynasty, is a Chinese term for the Empire of the Great Qing (Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: dà qīngguó), founded by the Manchu clan Aisin Gioro, in what...
Han Chinese (Simplified Chinese: 汉æ—; Traditional Chinese: æ¼¢æ—; Pinyin: hà nzú) is a term which refers to the majority ethnic group within China and the largest single human ethnic group in the world. ...
The Manchu (Manchu: Manju; Simplified Chinese: , Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Mǎnzú, Mongolian: Манж) are a Tungusic people who originated in Manchuria (todays Northeast China). ...
Map of Central Asia showing three sets of possible boundaries for the region Central Asia located as a region of the world Central Asia is a vast landlocked region of Asia. ...
This article is becoming very long. ...
World map showing Europe Political map (neighbouring countries in Asia and Africa also shown) Europe is one of the seven traditional continents of the Earth. ...
Western imperialism in Asia traces its roots back to the late 15th century with a series of voyages that sought a sea passage to India in the hope of establishing direct trade between Europe and Asia in spices. ...
The Pescadores Islands (Chinese: 澎湖群島; Wade-Giles: Peng-hu; Pinyin: Pénghú, from Portuguese, fishermen) are an archipelago in the Taiwan Strait. ...
For the county in Shanxi province, see Xinjiang County. ...
Outer Manchuria is in light red on this map. ...
Indochina, or the Indochinese Peninsula, is a region in Southeast Asia. ...
Korea (Korean: ì¡°ì„ or í•œêµ, see below) is a geographic area, civilization, and former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. ...
Location of Ryukyu Islands. ...
Motto: None Anthem(s): National Anthem of the Republic of China Capital Taipei City (de facto) Nanjing (de jure)1 Largest city Taipei City Official language(s) Mandarin (Guóyǔ) Government Semi-presidential system - President Chen Shui-bian - Vice President Annette Lu - Premier Su Tseng-chang Establishment Xinhai Revolution - Declared...
Tuva or Tyva (Russian: Республика Тыва [Тува], Respublika Tyva [Tuva]) (pop. ...
The Republic of China and the People's Republic of China (established 1949) have since attempted, with varying degrees of success, to re-incorporate some areas that fell outside of Chinese control before and after the collapse of the Qing Dynasty. The People's Republic of China's control over Tibet, Xinjiang, and Inner Mongolia, which contain large non-Han populations, is seen by some locals and outsiders as modern-day imperialism, as are subsequent organized campaigns of Han immigration into these regions. This is often described by critics as demographic swamping, aimed at destroying the uniqueness of those regions, but defended as the innocuous, routine and benevolent importing of labourers and professionals into sparsely populated and poorly developed regions by supporters. Finally, the PRC's territorial claim over Taiwan, which is still controlled by the Republic of China, is also seen as an example of imperialism by critics. In all these cases supporters consider China's policy to be that of defending the PRC's right to succeed the ROC as well as defend the territorial integrity of China. Motto: None Anthem(s): National Anthem of the Republic of China Capital Taipei City (de facto) Nanjing (de jure)1 Largest city Taipei City Official language(s) Mandarin (Guóyǔ) Government Semi-presidential system - President Chen Shui-bian - Vice President Annette Lu - Premier Su Tseng-chang Establishment Xinhai Revolution - Declared...
This article is becoming very long. ...
For the county in Shanxi province, see Xinjiang County. ...
Inner Mongolia (Mongolian: ᠥᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠣᠨᠺᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠺᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ r Mongghul-un bertegen Jasaqu Orun; Chinese: 内蒙古自治区; Hanyu Pinyin: N...
Imperialism is a policy of extending control or authority over foreign entities as a means of acquisition and/or maintenance of empires. ...
Motto: None Anthem(s): National Anthem of the Republic of China Capital Taipei City (de facto) Nanjing (de jure)1 Largest city Taipei City Official language(s) Mandarin (Guóyǔ) Government Semi-presidential system - President Chen Shui-bian - Vice President Annette Lu - Premier Su Tseng-chang Establishment Xinhai Revolution - Declared...
See also
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