Chinese in Japan, also referred to as kakyou (Japanese: 華僑, literally Chinese sojourners) or zainichi chuugokujin (Japanese: 在日中国人, literally Chinese people resident in Japan), have a history going back for centuries or even millenia. This article is in need of attention. ... Tokyo , literally Eastern capital)   is the seat of the Japanese government and the Imperial Palace, the home of the Japanese Imperial Family, and the de facto[1] capital of Japan. ... Yokohama ) is the capital of Kanagawa Prefecture and Japans largest incorporated city,[1] with a population of 3. ... View on downtown Osaka from Umeda Sky Building Osaka )   is the capital of Osaka Prefecture and the third-largest city in Japan, with a population of 2. ... Buddhism is a dharmic, non-theistic religion, a philosophy, and a life-enhancing system of psychology. ... This article is becoming very long. ... Han Chinese (Simplified Chinese: 汉族; Traditional Chinese: 漢族; Pinyin: hànzú) is a term which refers to the majority ethnic group within China and the largest single human ethnic group in the world. ... Overseas Chinese are Chinese people who live outside China. ...

Population and distribution

Kanteibyou Temple in Yokohama's Chinatown

Most Chinese residents in Japan live in major urban areas, such as Tokyo, Yokohama, and Osaka, each of which has a recognised Chinatown as well as schools which use Chinese as the medium of instruction. One 1995 study estimated the Chinese population in Japan to be 150,000, among whom 50,000 to 100,000 spoke Chinese^[1]; five years later, Japanese governmental statistics showed 335,575 Chinese residents.^[2] Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2048x1536, 892 KB) If you use this image outside of projects of the Wikimedia Foundation please attribute it to Wikimedia Commons or another project of the Wikimedia Foundation. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2048x1536, 892 KB) If you use this image outside of projects of the Wikimedia Foundation please attribute it to Wikimedia Commons or another project of the Wikimedia Foundation. ... Tokyo , literally Eastern capital)   is the seat of the Japanese government and the Imperial Palace, the home of the Japanese Imperial Family, and the de facto[1] capital of Japan. ... Yokohama ) is the capital of Kanagawa Prefecture and Japans largest incorporated city,[1] with a population of 3. ... View on downtown Osaka from Umeda Sky Building Osaka )   is the capital of Osaka Prefecture and the third-largest city in Japan, with a population of 2. ... The gate to Montreals Chinatown which has Chinese, Japanese and Korean restaurants inside the complex. ...

History

Pre-modern era

A Chinese legend of uncertain provenance states that Xu Fu, a Qin dynasty court sorcerer, was sent by Qin Shi Huang to Penglai Mountain (possibly Japan's Mount Fuji) in 219 BC to retrieve an elixir of life. Unwilling to return without the elixir, the myth asserts that Xu instead chose to settle in Japan.^[3] However, Japan's first verifiable Chinese visitor was the Buddhist missionary Hui Sheng, whose 499 AD visit to an island east of China known as Fusang, typically identified with modern-day Japan, was described in the 7th-century Liang Shu. Xu Fu Xu Fu (Chinese: 徐福) was a court sorceror in Qin Dynasty China. ... The Qin (Chin) Dynasty (Chinese: ; pinyin: Qín Cháo; Wade-Giles: Chin Chao) (221 BC - 206 BC) was preceded by the Zhou Dynasty and followed by the Han Dynasty in China. ... Qin Shi Huang (Chinese: ; pinyin: Qín Shǐ Huáng; Wade-Giles: Chin Shih-huang) (November / December 260 BCE – September 10, 210 BCE), personal name Zheng, was king of the Chinese State of Qin from 247 BCE to 221 BCE, and then the first emperor of a unified China... In China, the mystical Penglai Mountain (蓬萊山) is often said to be the base for the Eight Immortals, or at least where they travel to have a banquet. ... Mount Fuji Mount Fuji , IPA: ) is the highest mountain in Japan. ... Centuries: 4th century BC - 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC Decades: 260s BC 250s BC 240s BC 230s BC 220s BC - 210s BC - 200s BC 190s BC 180s BC 170s BC 160s BC Years: 224 BC 223 BC 222 BC 221 BC 220 BC - 219 BC - 218 BC 217 BC... The elixir of life, also known as the elixir of immortality and sometimes equated with the Philosophers stone, is a legendary potion, or drink, that grants the drinker eternal life or eternal youth. ... A replica of an ancient statue found among the ruins of a temple at Sarnath Buddhism is a philosophy based on the teachings of the Buddha, Siddhārtha Gautama, a prince of the Shakyas, whose lifetime is traditionally given as 566 to 486 BCE. It had subsequently been accepted by... Events March 1 - Pope Symmachus makes Antipope Laurentius bishop of Nocera in Campania. ... Fusang (扶桑) was described by a Buddhist missionary, Hoei-Shin (慧深) in 499 AD, as a place 20,000 Chinese miles to the east of China. ... The Book of Liang (Ch: 梁書, Liangshu), was compiled under Yao Silian 姚思廉 in 635. ...

Colonial era

It was estimated that in 1906, more than six thousand Chinese students lived in Japan; many of them resided in Tokyo's Kanda district.^[4] International students are students, usually in early adulthood, who study in foreign schools. ... Festival at Kanda Myojin Kanda (神田) is a district in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan. ...

Post-WWII

Postwar Chinese immigrants to Japan, typically referred to as shin-kakyou, have come to Japan from both Taiwan and mainland China. The highlighted area in the map is what is commonly known as mainland China. Mainland China (Simplified Chinese: 中国大陆; Traditional Chinese: 中國大陸; pinyin: Zhōnggúo Dàlù; literally The Chinese Massive Landmass or Continental China) is an informal (disputed — see talk page) geographical term which is usually synonymous with the area...

Groups

Foreign students

Sun Yat-sen (far right) with Japanese friends in Tokyo, 1900.

Many famous Chinese intellectuals have studied in Japan, among then Sun Yat-sen and Lu Xun. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2051x1420, 3315 KB) English: Dr. Sun together with his Japanese friends in Tokyo, 1900 (from left) Suenage Takashi, Uchida Ryohei, Miyazaki Torazo, Koyama Yutaro, Kiyofuji Koshichiro, Sun Yat-sen. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2051x1420, 3315 KB) English: Dr. Sun together with his Japanese friends in Tokyo, 1900 (from left) Suenage Takashi, Uchida Ryohei, Miyazaki Torazo, Koyama Yutaro, Kiyofuji Koshichiro, Sun Yat-sen. ... Sun Yat-sen (Chinese: 孫逸仙) (November 12, 1866–March 12, 1925) was a Chinese revolutionary and political leader who is often referred to as the father of modern China. Sun played an instrumental and leadership role in the eventual overthrow of the Qing Dynasty in 1911. ... Lu Xun Lu Xun (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: , pinyin: Lǔ Xùn) or Lu Hsün (Wade-Giles) (September 25, 1881 – October 19, 1936), the pen name of Zhou Shuren (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: , pinyin: Zhōu Shùrén), has been considered one of the most influential Chinese writers...

Workers

Long-term residents and their descendants

Others

Many Japanese war orphans left behind in China after World War II have migrated to Japan with the assistance of the Japanese government, bringing along their Chinese spouses and children. Japanese orphans in China consist primarily of children left behind by Japanese families repatriating from Northeast China (then Manchukuo) to Japan in the aftermath of World War II. For the most part, they were taken in by Chinese families and raised with no knowledge of their Japanese ancestry. ... Combatants Major Allied powers: United Kingdom Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Major Axis powers: Nazi Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Harry Truman Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead...

Culture

Cuisine

Main article: Japanese Chinese cuisine

Chinese restaurants in Japan serve a fairly distinct style of Chinese cuisine. Though formerly Chinese cuisine would have been primarily available in Chinatowns such as those in port cities of Kobe, Nagasaki, or Yokohama, Japanese-style Chinese cuisine is now commonly available all over Japan. As Japanese restaurants are often specialized to offer only one sort of dish, cuisine is focused primarily on dishes found within three distinct types of restaurants: ramen restaurants, dim sum houses, and standard Chinese-style restaurants. Japanese Chinese cuisine is a unique style of Chinese cuisine served by Chinese restaurants in Japan. ... Chinese cuisine is widely seen as representing one of the richest and most diverse culinary cuisines and heritages in the world. ... The gate to Montreals Chinatown which has Chinese, Japanese and Korean restaurants inside the complex. ... , Kobe ) is a city in Japan located on the island of Honshu. ... Nagasaki (Japanese: 長崎市, Nagasaki-shi  , long peninsula) is the capital and the largest city of Nagasaki Prefecture in Japan. ... Yokohama ) is the capital of Kanagawa Prefecture and Japans largest incorporated city,[1] with a population of 3. ... Shoyu (soy sauce) ramen. ... Dim sum (Chinese: 點心; Cantonese IPA: dɪm2sɐm1; Pinyin: diǎnxīn; Wade-Giles: tien-hsin; literally dot heart or order heart, meaning order to ones hearts content; also commonly translated as touch the heart, dotted heart, or snack), a Cantonese term...

Issues

Ethnic relations

Tokyo governor Ishihara Shintaro has publically used derogatory language such as sangokujin to refer to Chinese in Japan, and implied that they might engage in rioting and looting in the aftermath of a disaster.^[5] Shintaro Ishihara (石原 慎太郎 Ishihara Shintarō; born 1932), author, outspoken Japanese nationalist, populist, and current governor of Tokyo, was born in Hyogo Prefecture in Japan. ... Sangokujin (Japanese: 三国人; third country national) is a Japanese term referring to colonial nationals of Taiwan (Taiwanese aboriginal), Korea and China. ...

Crime

There exists a strong public perception in Japan that many Chinese immigrants come to Japan to engage in criminal activities.

Many Chinese workers enter Japan under false pretenses on cultural visas. As Japanese immigration law does not provide mechanisms for the entry of unskilled workers, and admission under a student visa requires the approval of a recognised university, prospective workers instead apply to study in language schools, which are more lightly regulated. Business owners with a need for low-cost labour have been known to open language schools as fronts for the importation of Chinese workers.^[6] This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Prominent Chinese in Japan

• Chen Kenichi, the longest-serving participant on the cooking show Iron Chef
• Go Seigen, professional Go player
• Mo Bangfu, author
• Sadaharu Oh, former player and manager for the Yomiuri Giants baseball team and current manager for the Fukuoka Daiei Hawks

Chen Kenichi (陳建一, born January 5, 1956 in Tokyo, Japan), whose name is often romanized Chin Kenichi in Japanese sources, is a chef best known for his role as the Iron Chef Chinese on the television series Iron Chef. ... Iron Chef Hiroyuki Sakai With the above words begins each edition of Iron Chef, a Japanese television program produced by FujiTV. The original Japanese title is Ironmen of Cooking ). It began airing on October 10, 1993 as a half-hour show and after 23 episodes, it was expanded to a... Wu Qingyuan (呉清源, Pinyin: Wú QÄ«ngyuán, born May 19, 1914), known to the world as the Japanese Go Seigen, is considered by many to be the greatest player of the game of Go in the 20th century and one of the greatest of all time. ... Go is a board game for two players. ... Sadaharu Oh (Japanese: , Hepburn romanization: ÅŒ Sadaharu, Wade-Giles:Wang Chen-chih, pinyin: Wáng ZhÄ“nzhì, born May 20, 1940, in Tokyo, Japan), is a former player and manager for Japanese baseballs most storied team, the Yomiuri Giants. ... The Yomiuri Giants ) are one of the popular Central League baseball teams based at the Tokyo Dome in Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan. ... The Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks (福岡ソフトバンクホークス) is a Japanese baseball team based in Fukuoka, Fukuoka Prefecture. ...

References

1. ^ Maher, John C. (1995). "The Kakyo: Chinese in Japan". Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development v16 (n1-2): p125-138. Retrieved on 2006-10-27.
2. ^ Refsing, Kirsten; Colin MacKerras (ed.) (November 2003). Ethnicity in Asia. United Kingdom: Routledge, 58-59. ISBN 0-415-25816-2.
3. ^ CRI Editors. "Why did Xu Fu go to Japan?", China Radio International, 2005-02-18. Retrieved on 2006-10-25.
4. ^ Kreiner, Josef; Ulrich Mohwald, Hans-Dieter Olschleger (January 2004). Modern Japanese Society. Brill Academic Publishers, 240-242. ISBN 90-04-10516-6.
5. ^ Larimer, Tim. "Rabble Rouser", Time Asia, 2000-04-24. Retrieved on 2006-10-25.
6. ^ Soderberg, Marie; Ian Reader (March 2000). Japanese Influences and Presences in Asia. United Kingdom: Routledge, 242-243. ISBN 0-7007-1110-4.

2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... October 27 is the 300th day of the year (301st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 65 days remaining. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... February 18 is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... October 25 is the 298th day of the year (299th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year 2000. ... April 24 is the 114th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (115th in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... October 25 is the 298th day of the year (299th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

See also

• Overseas Chinese
• Zainichi Koreans
• Ainu people
• Ryukyuans

Overseas Chinese are Chinese people who live outside China. ... Zainichi (在日) is short for Zainichi Chōsenjin (Koreans/Choson people in Japan, 在日朝鮮人, 재일조선인) or Zainichi Kankokujin (South Koreans in Japan, 在日韓国人, 재일한국인), meaning the Korean residents of Japan. ... The Ainu IPA: /?ajnu/) are an ethnic group indigenous to Hokkaidō and north of Honshū in Northern Japan, the Kuril Islands, much of Sakhalin, and the southernmost third of the Kamchatka peninsula. ... Ryukyuan people (Japanese: 琉球民族, Chinese: 琉球族) are the indigenous people of the Ryūkyū Islands of Japan between the islands of Kyūshū and Taiwan. ...

External links

• Yokohama Overseas Chinese School