Chinese people in Japan, also referred to as Kakyō (華僑, literally Chinese sojourners) or Zainichi chūgokujin (在日中国人, literally Chinese people resident in Japan) in the Japanese language and as Rìběn huáqiáo (日本華僑) in the Chinese language, have a history going back for centuries or even millennia. This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... For a tire company, known by Yokohama Tyre, see Yokohama Rubber Company. ... Osaka )   is a city in Japan, located at the mouth of the Yodo River on Osaka Bay, in the Kansai region of the main island of HonshÅ«. The city is the capital of Osaka Prefecture. ... This article needs additional references or sources to facilitate its verification. ... Christianity is a monotheistic[1] religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament. ... Languages Chinese languages, Indian languages, Hebrew Religions Predominantly Taoism, Mahayana Buddhism, traditional Chinese religions, and atheism. ... Languages various Religions Predominantly Taoism, Mahayana Buddhism, traditional Chinese religions, and atheism. ... Japanese  ) is a language spoken by over 130 million people, mainly in Japan, but also by Japanese emigrant communities around the world. ... Chinese (written) language (pinyin: zhōngw n) written in Chinese characters The Chinese language (汉语/漢語, 华语/華語, or 中文; Pinyin: H nyǔ, Hu yǔ, or Zhōngw n) is a member of the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. ... The history of China is told in traditional historical records that go back to the Three sovereigns and five emperors about 5,000 years ago, supplemented by archaeological records dating to the 16th century BC. China is one of the worlds oldest continuous civilizations. ...

Population and distribution

Kanteibyou Temple in Yokohama's Chinatown

Most Chinese residents in Japan live in major urban areas, such as Tokyo, Yokohama, and Osaka, each of which has a recognised Chinatown as well as schools which use Chinese as the medium of instruction. One 1995 study estimated the Chinese population in Japan to be 150,000, among whom 50,000 to 100,000 spoke Chinese^[1]; five years later, Japanese governmental statistics showed 335,575 Chinese residents.^[2] Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2048x1536, 892 KB) If you use this image outside of projects of the Wikimedia Foundation please attribute it to Wikimedia Commons or another project of the Wikimedia Foundation. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2048x1536, 892 KB) If you use this image outside of projects of the Wikimedia Foundation please attribute it to Wikimedia Commons or another project of the Wikimedia Foundation. ... For a tire company, known by Yokohama Tyre, see Yokohama Rubber Company. ... For other uses, see Chinatown (disambiguation). ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... For a tire company, known by Yokohama Tyre, see Yokohama Rubber Company. ... Osaka )   is a city in Japan, located at the mouth of the Yodo River on Osaka Bay, in the Kansai region of the main island of HonshÅ«. The city is the capital of Osaka Prefecture. ... For other uses, see Chinatown (disambiguation). ...

History

Pre-modern era

A Chinese legend of uncertain provenance states that Xu Fu, a Qin Dynasty court sorcerer, was sent by Qin Shi Huang to Penglai Mountain (possibly Japan's Mount Fuji) in 219 BC to retrieve an elixir of life. Unwilling to return without the elixir, the myth asserts that Xu instead chose to settle in Japan.^[3] Chinese mythology is the mythology of Chinese civilization. ... Xu Fu Xu Fu (Chinese: 徐福) was a court sorceror in Qin Dynasty China. ... The Qin Dynasty (Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chin Chao) (221 BCE - 206 BCE) was preceded by the Zhou Dynasty and followed by the Han Dynasty in China. ... The monarch known now as Qin Shi Huang (Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chin Shih-huang) (November / December 260 BCE – September 10, 210 BCE), personal name Ying Zheng, was king of the Chinese State of Qin from 247 BCE to 221 BCE (officially still under the Zhou Dynasty), and then... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Horai. ... Mount Fuji Mount Fuji , IPA: )   is the highest mountain in Japan. ... Centuries: 4th century BC - 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC Decades: 260s BC 250s BC 240s BC 230s BC 220s BC - 210s BC - 200s BC 190s BC 180s BC 170s BC 160s BC Years: 224 BC 223 BC 222 BC 221 BC 220 BC - 219 BC - 218 BC 217 BC... The elixir of life, also known as the elixir of immortality or Dancing Water and sometimes equated with the Philosophers stone, is a legendary potion, or drink, that grants the drinker eternal life or eternal youth. ...

However, Japan's first verifiable Chinese visitor was the Buddhist missionary Hui Sheng, whose 499 AD visit to an island east of China known as Fusang, typically identified with modern-day Japan, was described in the 7th-century Liang Shu. Chinese people are also known to have settled in Okinawa during the Sanzan period; the people of the village of Kumemura, for example, are alleged to all be descended from Chinese immigrants.^[4] A replica of an ancient statue found among the ruins of a temple at Sarnath Buddhism is a philosophy based on the teachings of the Buddha, Siddhārtha Gautama, a prince of the Shakyas, whose lifetime is traditionally given as 566 to 486 BCE. It had subsequently been accepted by... Events March 1 - Pope Symmachus makes Antipope Laurentius bishop of Nocera in Campania. ... Fusang (扶桑) was described by a Buddhist missionary, Hoei-Shin (慧深) in 499 AD, as a place 20,000 Chinese miles to the east of China. ... The Book of Liang (Ch: 梁書, Liangshu), was compiled under Yao Silian 姚思廉 in 635. ... This article is about the prefecture. ... Nakijin gusuku ) built during the Sanzan Period The Sanzan Period ) is a period of history of the RyÅ«kyÅ« Kingdom that lasted from 1322 until 1429. ... Kumemura (久米村), located on Okinawa, near the port city of Naha and royal capital of Shuri, was a community of scholars, bureaucrats, and diplomats, and a center of culture and learning during the time of the RyÅ«kyÅ« Kingdom. ...

Colonial era

It was estimated that in 1906, more than six thousand Chinese students lived in Japan; many of them resided in Tokyo's Kanda district.^[5] International students are students, usually in early adulthood, who study in foreign schools. ... Festival at Kanda Myojin Kanda (神田) is a district in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan. ...

Post-WWII

Post-World War II Chinese immigrants to Japan, typically referred to as shin-kakyō, have come to Japan from both Taiwan and mainland China. Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... ...

Groups

Foreign students

Sun Yat-sen (far right) with Japanese friends in Tokyo, 1900.

Many famous Chinese intellectuals have studied in Japan, among then Sun Yat-sen and Lu Xun. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2051x1420, 3315 KB) English: Dr. Sun together with his Japanese friends in Tokyo, 1900 (from left) Suenage Takashi, Uchida Ryohei, Miyazaki Torazo, Koyama Yutaro, Kiyofuji Koshichiro, Sun Yat-sen. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2051x1420, 3315 KB) English: Dr. Sun together with his Japanese friends in Tokyo, 1900 (from left) Suenage Takashi, Uchida Ryohei, Miyazaki Torazo, Koyama Yutaro, Kiyofuji Koshichiro, Sun Yat-sen. ... Sun Yat-sen (Chinese: ; November 12, 1866 – March 12, 1925) was a Chinese revolutionary and political leader often referred to as the “father of modern China”. Sun played an instrumental role in the eventual overthrow of the Qing Dynasty in 1911. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Sun Yat-sen (Chinese: ; November 12, 1866 – March 12, 1925) was a Chinese revolutionary and political leader often referred to as the “father of modern China”. Sun played an instrumental role in the eventual overthrow of the Qing Dynasty in 1911. ... Lu Xun (pinyin, Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: ) or Lu Hsün (Wade-Giles), pen name of Zhou Shuren (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chou Shu-jen) (September 25, 1881 – October 19, 1936) is one of the major Chinese writers of the 20th century. ...

Workers

Long-term residents and their descendants

Others

Many Japanese war orphans left behind in China after World War II have migrated to Japan with the assistance of the Japanese government, bringing along their Chinese spouses and children. Japanese orphans in China consist primarily of children left behind by Japanese families repatriating from Northeast China (then Manchukuo) to Japan in the aftermath of World War II. For the most part, they were taken in by Chinese families and raised with no knowledge of their Japanese ancestry. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...

Culture

Cuisine

Main article: Japanese Chinese cuisine

Chinese restaurants in Japan serve a fairly distinct style of Chinese cuisine. Though formerly Chinese cuisine would have been primarily available in Chinatowns such as those in port cities of Kobe, Nagasaki, or Yokohama, Japanese-style Chinese cuisine is now commonly available all over Japan. As Japanese restaurants are often specialized to offer only one sort of dish, cuisine is focused primarily on dishes found within three distinct types of restaurants: ramen restaurants, dim sum houses, and standard Chinese-style restaurants. Japanese Chinese cuisine is a unique style of Chinese cuisine served by Chinese restaurants in Japan. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... For other uses, see Chinatown (disambiguation). ... Kobe ) is the capital city of Hyōgo Prefecture and a prominent port city in Japan with a population of about 1. ... Nagasaki (Japanese: 長崎市, Nagasaki-shi  , long peninsula) is the capital and the largest city of Nagasaki Prefecture in Japan. ... For a tire company, known by Yokohama Tyre, see Yokohama Rubber Company. ... Fresh ramen noodles Ramen , IPA: ,  ) is a Japanese dish of noodles served in broth, originating from China (see lamian). ... Dim sum (Chinese: 點心; Cantonese IPA: dɪm2sɐm1; Pinyin: diǎnxīn; Wade-Giles: tien-hsin; literally dot heart or order heart, meaning order to ones hearts content; also commonly translated as touch the heart, dotted heart, or snack), a Cantonese term...

Issues

Ethnic relations

Tokyo governor Ishihara Shintaro has publically used derogatory language such as sangokujin to refer to Chinese in Japan, and implied that they might engage in rioting and looting in the aftermath of a disaster.^[6] Shintaro Ishihara (石原 慎太郎 Ishihara Shintarō; born 1932), author, outspoken Japanese nationalist, populist, and current governor of Tokyo, was born in Hyogo Prefecture in Japan. ... Sangokujin (Japanese: 三国人; third country national) is a Japanese term referring to colonial nationals of Taiwan (Taiwanese aboriginal), Korea and China. ...

Crime

There is a public perception in Japan that many Chinese immigrants come to Japan to engage in criminal activities. Many Chinese workers enter Japan under false pretenses on cultural visas. As Japanese immigration law does not provide mechanisms for the entry of unskilled workers, and admission under a student visa requires the approval of a recognised university, prospective workers instead apply to study in language schools, which are more lightly regulated. Business owners with a need for low-cost labour have been known to open language schools as fronts for the importation of Chinese workers.^[7] For the 1983 Genesis song, see Illegal Alien (song) Illegal immigration refers to immigration across national borders in a way that violates the immigration laws of the destination country. ... A visa (short for the Latin carta visa, lit. ...

Prominent Chinese in Japan

• Chen Kenichi, the longest-serving participant on the popular Japanese cooking show Iron Chef.
• Go Seigen, professional Go player
• Mo Bangfu, author
• Sadaharu Oh, former player and manager for the Yomiuri Giants baseball team and current manager for the Fukuoka Daiei Hawks

Chen Kenichi (陳建一, born January 5, 1956 in Tokyo, Japan), whose name is often romanized Chin Kenichi in Japanese sources, is a chef best known for his role as the Iron Chef Chinese on the television series Iron Chef. ... Iron Chef Hiroyuki Sakai With the above words begins each edition of Iron Chef, a Japanese television program produced by FujiTV. The original Japanese title is Ironmen of Cooking ). It began airing on October 10, 1993 as a half-hour show and after 23 episodes, it was expanded to a... Wu Qingyuan (呉清源, Pinyin: Wú QÄ«ngyuán, born May 19, 1914), known to the world as the Japanese Go Seigen, is considered by many to be the greatest player of the game of Go in the 20th century and one of the greatest of all time. ... Go is a strategic board game for two players. ... Sadaharu Oh (Japanese: , Hepburn romanization: ÅŒ Sadaharu, Wade-Giles:Wang Chen-chih, pinyin: Wáng ZhÄ“nzhì, born May 20, 1940, in Tokyo, Japan), is a former player and manager for Japanese baseballs most storied team, the Yomiuri Giants. ... The Yomiuri Giants ) are one of the popular Central League baseball teams based at the Tokyo Dome in Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan. ... The Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks (福岡ソフトバンクホークス) is a Japanese baseball team based in Fukuoka, Fukuoka Prefecture. ...

References

1. ^ Maher, John C. (1995). "The Kakyo: Chinese in Japan". Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development v16 (n1-2): p125-138. Retrieved on 2006-10-27. 
2. ^ Refsing, Kirsten; Colin MacKerras (ed.) (November 2003). Ethnicity in Asia. United Kingdom: Routledge, 58-59. ISBN 0-415-25816-2. 
3. ^ CRI Editors. "Why did Xu Fu go to Japan?", China Radio International, 2005-02-18. Retrieved on 2006-10-25. 
4. ^ Kerr, George H (2000). Okinawa: the History of an Island People. Boston: Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 0804820872.  See page 76.
5. ^ Kreiner, Josef; Ulrich Mohwald, Hans-Dieter Olschleger (January 2004). Modern Japanese Society. Brill Academic Publishers, 240-242. ISBN 90-04-10516-6. 
6. ^ Larimer, Tim. "Rabble Rouser", Time Asia, 2000-04-24. Retrieved on 2006-10-25. 
7. ^ Soderberg, Marie; Ian Reader (March 2000). Japanese Influences and Presences in Asia. United Kingdom: Routledge, 242-243. ISBN 0-7007-1110-4. 

For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... October 27 is the 300th day of the year (301st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 65 days remaining. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... February 18 is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... October 25 is the 298th day of the year (299th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... April 24 is the 114th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (115th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... October 25 is the 298th day of the year (299th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

See also

• Chinatown
• Chinatowns in Asia
• Demographics of Japan
• Ethnic issues in Japan
• Overseas Chinese
• Kumemura
• Zainichi Koreans
• Ainu people
• Ryukyuans
• Yamato people
• Ethnic Chinese in Korea
• Immigrants and expatriates in Japan
• Immigration to Japan

For other uses, see Chinatown (disambiguation). ... Chinatowns in Asia are widespread with a large concentration of overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia and ethnic Chinese whose ancestors came from southern China - particularly the provinces of Guangdong, Fujian, and Hainan - and settled in countries such as Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam... Birth and death rates of Japan since 1950 Japans population, currently 127,463,611, experienced a high growth rate during the 20th century, as a result of scientific, industrial, and social changes. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Languages various Religions Predominantly Taoism, Mahayana Buddhism, traditional Chinese religions, and atheism. ... Kumemura (久米村), located on Okinawa, near the port city of Naha and royal capital of Shuri, was a community of scholars, bureaucrats, and diplomats, and a center of culture and learning during the time of the Ryūkyū Kingdom. ... Zainichi (在日) is short for Zainichi Chōsenjin (Koreans/Choson people in Japan, 在日朝鮮人, 재일조선인) or Zainichi Kankokujin (South Koreans in Japan, 在日韓国人, 재일한국인), meaning the Korean residents of Japan. ... Ainu IPA: /ʔáınu/) are an ethnic group indigenous to Hokkaidō, northern Honshū, the Kuril Islands, much of Sakhalin, and the southernmost third of the Kamchatka peninsula. ... Ryukyuan people (Japanese: 琉球民族) are the indigenous people of the Ryukyu Islands of Japan between the islands of Kyūshū and Taiwan. ... The Yamato people ) are the dominant native ethnic group of Japan. ... Ethnic Chinese in Korea (Korean: 화교/hwagyo, Hanja: 華僑) have existed as a recognizable community for at least 120 years. ...

External links

• Yokohama Overseas Chinese School