Coat of arms of Bulgarian Roman Catholic bishop and diplomat Petar Parchevich, a key figure in the uprising's early organization

The Chiprovtsi Uprising (Bulgarian: Чипровско въстание) was an uprising against Ottoman rule organized in modern northwestern Bulgaria by Roman Catholic Bulgarians, but also involving many Eastern Orthodox Christians. It broke out after the capturing of Belgrade by Austria on 6 September 1688 and ended unsuccessfully, with the centre of insurrectionary activity, Chiprovtsi, being completely destroyed by Ottoman forces. The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... // Early centuries of Ottoman rule Organisation of Ottoman Bulgaria The Ottomans reorganised the Bulgarian territories as the Beyerlik of Rumili, ruled by a Beylerbey at Sofia. ... Roman Catholicism in Bulgaria: Roman Catholicism is the third largest religious congregation in Bulgaria after Eastern Orthodoxy and Islam. ... Eastern Orthodoxy (also called Greek Orthodoxy and Russian Orthodoxy) is a Christian tradition which represents the majority of Eastern Christianity. ... Belgrade (Serbian: Beograd, Београд ) is the capital of the Republic of Serbia, as well as the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro. ... This article is about the day of the year. ... // Events A high-powered conspiracy of notables, the Immortal Seven, invite William and Mary to depose James II of England. ... Chiprovtsi (Чипровци) is a town in Montana Province of northwestern Bulgaria, about 30 km from Montana, on the shores of the river Ogosta at the foot of western Stara Planina. ...

Background

Chiprovtsi under Ottoman rule

After the conquest of Bulgaria the Ottomans left a number of regions, towns and villages out of the Ottoman administrative system. These were usually key regions that were left to be governed by the Old Bulgarian administration for practical reasons. Such towns were the ones guarding the Balkan passes, as well as important ore extraction areas like Chiprovtsi. Although the status of the then-village in the period is not completely clear, it is generally considered that the Christian Bulgarian aristocracy retained most of its authority in Chiprovtsi. Sources from Dubrovnik mention the family of Soymirovich whose members lived there as sovereign rulers until the end of the 14th century. After the Ottoman invasion the family (ot at least most of it) moved to Dubrovnik where they became part of the local aristocracy and possibly accepted Roman Catholicism without forgetting their old possessions. Other known families from the period are Peyachevich, Parchevich, Cherkich, Markanich and Knezhevich. Imperial motto (Ottoman Turkish) دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power (1683) Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital Söğüt (1299-1326), Bursa (1326-1365), Edirne (1365-1453), İstanbul (1453-1922) Imperial anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Sovereigns Padishah of the Osmanl... County Dubrovnik–Neretva Area 14 335 km² Location Population 43,770 Mayor Dubravka Šuica Official website www. ... This 14th-century statue from south India depicts the gods Shiva (on the left) and Uma (on the right). ... The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ...

During the next century Chiprovtsi was a has (a permanent possession) of the sultan's family and later a valide hanım (estate of the sultan's mother). The rights of the Christian self-government possibly inherited from the Second Bulgarian Empire and adapted to the Ottoman military feudal system were significantly curtailed in the 16th and 17th century. Around the middle of the 17th century the idea of Catholicism being used as a way to restore the Bulgarian state with the aid of the Catholic Western Europe began emerging in the circle of the pro-Western Chiprovtsi nobility. The history of Bulgaria began in the 7th century AD with the arrival of the Bulgars in the Balkans. ... (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ... (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ... A common understanding of Western Europe in modern times. ...

Organization

Additional factors for the uprising were the events in the middle of the 17th century, in particular the blow that the mighty Ottoman Empire received as the defeat at Vienna in 1683. The introduction of heavy taxes to secure funds for the expensive yet ineffective European campaigns of the empire and the deprivation of the Bulgarian Catholics of some of their rights played an important role in the setup of the uprising. Petar Parchevich, a highly educated Bulgarian Catholic cleric and diplomat, carried out a large-scale dimplomatic campaign among the Christian rulers of Central Europe between 1630 and 1645. Together with Petar Bogdan and Franchesko Soymirovich they visited Austrian monarch Ferdinand II, the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Zygmunt III Vasa and his heir Władysław IV Vasa, as well as Wallachian voivode Matei Basarab. Around 1647 the Ottomans withdrew almost entirely from northwestern Bulgaria in relation to their war with Genoa for Crete, Matei Basarab sending messengers to promise a 20,000-strong army to support the uprising. In the decisive moment, however, Sigismund III died on 20 May 1648 and the uprising was called off. Combatants Habsburgs, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Ottoman Empire and its allies Khanate of Crimea, Central Hungary, Transylvania, Wallachia, Moldavia Commanders Jan III Sobieski, Charles V, Duke of Lorraine Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha Strength 70,000 138,000 Casualties 4,000 dead 15,000 dead The Battle of Vienna (Turkish: Ä°kinci Viyana... Events June 6 - The Ashmolean Museum opens as the worlds first university museum. ... Regions of Europe Central Europe is the region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and Western Europe. ... Events February 22 - Native American Quadequine introduces Popcorn to English colonists. ... // Events January 10 - Archbishop Laud executed on Tower Hill, London. ... See: Ferdinand II of Leon (1137-1188, king from 1157) Ferdinand II of Portugal (1816-1885, king 1837-1853) Ferdinand II of Aragon, the Catholic (1452-1516, king of Aragon from 1479, of Sicily from 1468) (=Ferdinand V of Castille 1474-1504) (=Ferdinand III of Naples 1504-1516) Ferdinand II... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Reign in Poland September 18, 1587 – April 19, 1632. ... Reign in Poland November 8, 1632 – May 20, 1648. ... Map of Romania with Wallachia in yellow. ... For the heavy metal music band see Voivod (band). ... Matei Basarab Matei Basarab was a Wallachian voivode between 1632 and 1654. ... // Events March 14 - Thirty Years War: Bavaria, Cologne, France and Sweden sign the Truce of Ulm. ... Crete (Greek Κρήτη Kriti; called Candia in the Venetian period and Turkish: Girit) is the largest of the Greek islands and the fifth largest in the Mediterranean Sea. ... May 20 is the 140th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (141st in leap years). ... // Events January 17 - Englands Long Parliament passes the Vote of No Address, breaking off negotiations with King Charles I and thereby setting the scene for the second phase of the English Civil War. ...

After the campaign's failure, Parchevich went to Venice together with the governor of Chiprovtsi Franchesko Markanich and then visited the new Polish king Jan II Kazimierz Vasa, as well as the Austrian royal court, being denied assistance at all three places. Parchevich also met Pope Innocent X and also visited Germany, Hungary, Transylvania and Wallachia after 1651. The unsuccess of these missions, as well as Austria and Poland's reluctance to head an anti-Ottoman coalition again frustrated the uprising's outbreak in this moment. Venice (Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venexia) , the city of canals, is the capital of the region of Veneto and of the province of Venice in Italy. ... Reign From November, 1648 until September 16, 1668 Elected In November 1648 in Wola, today suburb of Warsaw, Poland Coronation On January 19, 1649 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Royal House Vasa Parents Zygmunt III Waza Constance of Austria Consorts Ludwika Maria Children with Ludwika Maria Maria Anna... Royal court (as distinguished from a court of law) may refer to a number of institutions: A noble court - the household or entourage of a monarch or other ruler The Royal Court of Jersey - the main court of justice of Jersey The Royal Court of Guernsey - the main court of... Diego Velazquez portrait, which Innocent X found too truthful Innocent X, né Giovanni Battista Pamphili (May 6, 1574 - January 5, 1655), Pope from 1644 to 1655, was born in Rome in 1574, attained the dignity of cardinal in 1629. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... // Events January 1 - Charles II crowned King of Scotland in Scone. ...

A war between Poland and the Ottoman Empire began in 1671 that activated Bogdan and Parchevich's work. A coalition against the Ottoman did not form again, with Parchevich dying in Rome on 23 July 1674 and Bogdan following in September the same year. Events May 9 - Thomas Blood, disguised as a clergyman, attempts to steal the Crown Jewels from the Tower of London. ... City motto: Senatus Populusque Romanus – SPQR (The Senate and the People of Rome) Founded 21 April 753 BC (mythical), early 1st millennium BC (archaeological) Region Latium Area  - City Proper  1285 km² Population  - City (2004)  - Metropolitan  - Density (city proper) 2,553,873 almost 4,300,000 1. ... July 23 is the 204th day (205th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 161 days remaining. ... Events February 19 - England and the Netherlands sign the Treaty of Westminster. ...

Polish king Jan III Sobieski delivered a great blow to the Ottoman forces at Vienna on 12 September 1683, never again letting them return to Central Europe. Austria and Poland concluded an union against the Ottomans in the spring of 1684 with Venice also joining later. Russia also decided to become part of the coalition in 1686. The union this time looked for the help of the Bulgarian Catholics alone. The residents of Chiprovtsi and the neighbouring villages decided that the appropriate moment had come when the Austrian army took Belgrade on 6 September 1688. Jan III Sobieski (1629-1696) (also known in English literature as John Sobieski) was one of the most notable monarchs of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1674 until his death. ... September 12 is the 255th day of the year (256th in leap years). ... Events France under Louis XIV makes Truce of Ratisbon separately with the Empire and Spain. ... Events The League of Augsburg is founded. ...

Military activity

The Chiprovtsi Uprising's progress and organizations are not well documented. Insurrectionary units under Georgi Peyachevich left the village to join the Austrian army in the spring of 1688, with Peyachevich's forces participating in the assault on Orşova and the whole Banat. The uprising broke out in the whole of northwestern Bulgaria after the battle for Belgrade. The advancing 6 Austrian regiments did not succeed in coordinating the Bulgarian units that did not nothing to stop the Ottoman regroup. The decisive battle took place in October 1688 in the Zheravitsa country close to Kutlovitsa, where the insurrectionary forces were defeated by Ottoman troops and their Magyar allies. Although fighting went on, the uprising was quickly suppressed, with Chiprovtsi being captured on 18 October after a heroic defence and was completely destroyed together with the neighbouring villages of Kopilovtsi, Zhelezna and Klisura. Almost the entire population was killed or taken in slavery. The resistance contiunued in the following months as the remains of the insurrectionary force became bands of hajduks. Meanwhile, the Austrian troops beyond the Balkan Mountains did nothing and only captured Vidin in the autumn of 1689. OrÅŸova (Hungarian: Orsova, German: Orschowa) is a port town on the Danube river in southwestern Romanias Mehedinti county. ... Banat (Romanian: Banat; Serbian: Банат or Banat; German: Banat; Hungarian: Bánát or Bánság; Slovak: Banát) is a geographical and historical region in Southeastern Europe divided among three countries: the eastern part belongs to Romania (the counties of TimiÅŸ, CaraÅŸ-Severin, Arad, and MehedinÅ£i), the western... October 18 is the 291st day of the year (292nd in leap years). ... Hajduk or haiduk or haiduc is a term most commonly referring to an outlaw, highwayman and freedom fighters in the Balkans. ... Stara Planina, Rhodope, Rila and Pirin Mountains The Balkan mountain range (Bulgarian: Stara Planina, Old Mountain) is an extension of the Carpathian mountain range, separated from it by the Danube River. ... Vidin (Bulgarian: Видин; Romanian: Vidin, Diiu) is a town on the southern bank of the Danube in northwestern Bulgaria. ... Events Louis XIV of France passed the Code Noir, allowing the full use of slaves in the French colonies. ...

Consequences

The uprising and its suppression caused a great wave of emigration from northwestern Bulgaria, mostly to the Christian-dominated areas to the west and north. The main wave of refugees settled around the Danube close to Vidin and Lom, around Pirot, Sofia and Berkovitsa. The largest group of refugees fled to Wallachia where it broke up and was gradually assimilated, although certain parts formed the ethnic group of the Banat Bulgarians in the Banat together with heirs of Paulicians from around Nikopol and Svishtov that came in the end of the 17th century. The Danube bend at Visegrád is a popular destination of tourists The Danube (ancient Danuvius) is Europes second-longest river (after the Volga). ... Lom is a town in northern Bulgaria, on the banks of the Danube. ... Pirot (Пирот) is a city located in Serbia and Montenegro at 43. ... Official website: sofia. ... Berkovitsa (Bulgarian Берковица) is a town in Northwestern Bulgaria. ... Map of Romania with Wallachia in yellow. ... The Banat Bulgarians (Bulgarian: банатски българи, banatski balgari, calling themselves palkene or palchene) are a Bulgarian minority group living mostly in the Romanian part of the historical region of the Banat. ... Bogomils was the name of an ancient Gnostic religious community which is thought to have originated in Bulgaria. ... Nikopol is a town in North Bulgaria, Pleven Province, on the Danube river. ... Svishtov is a Bulgarian town at Danube river, nearly 235 km north-east from Sofia. ...

The Chiprovtsi Uprising put an end to northwestern Bulgaria's status as a buffer zone between the Ottoman Empire and the Habsbrug territories, with Catholic influence largely ceasing. The privileges of Bulgarian nobility and its authority in the region were eliminated and Chiprovtsi's very importance as a cultural and economic centre considerably decreased. A buffer zone is any area that serves the purpose of keeping two or more other areas distant from one another, for whatever reason. ... The Habsburg Monarchy, often called Austrian Monarchy or simply Austria, are the territories ruled by the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg, and then by the successor House of Habsburg-Lorraine, between 1526 and 1867/1918. ...