Chittagong (Bengali: চট্টগ্রাম, Chôţţogram) is the major seaport and second largest city of Bangladesh. It is located in the Chittagong District of Chittagong Division, in the southeastern portion of the country near Myanmar (Burma). Its longitude is 91°49'30.65"E and latitude is 22°19'49.41"N. The city was built on the banks of the Karnaphuli River, which ends nearby, in the Bay of Bengal. Chittagong has a population of 3.9 million,^[1] and is constantly growing. It is known as one of the cleanest cities of Bangladesh.^{[citation needed]} Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1024 × 768 pixel, file size: 156 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) I am using this image on behalf of skyscrapercity. ... // A nickname is a name of a person or thing other than its proper name. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... This is an alphabetical list of the sovereign states of the world, including both de jure and de facto independent states. ... The South Asian country of Bangladesh consists of 6 divisions (bibhag), each named after its respective capital. ... Chittagong District is a district located in the south-eastern region of Bangladesh. ... A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning larger, greater) is the modern title of the highest ranking municipal officer. ... Area is a physical quantity expressing the size of a part of a surface. ... Square kilometre (US spelling: Square kilometer), symbol km², is an SI unit of surface area. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ... Population density by country, 2006 Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... A time zone is a region of the Earth that has adopted the same standard time, usually referred to as the local time. ... BST in relation with the bordering nations Bangladesh Standard Time (Bengali: ) (BST) is the time zone of Bangladesh which is observed throughout the whole country, with a time offset of UTC+6:00. ... UTC +6 is the timezone for : Bhutan Time Generic UTC+6 in other countries. ... The name Chittagong can refer to many places and things. ... Bengali or Bangla (বাংলা, IPA: ) is an Indo-Aryan language of the eastern Indian subcontinent, evolved from Prakrit, Pāli and Sanskrit. ... Chittagong District is a district located in the south-eastern region of Bangladesh. ... Chittagong Division is one of the six administrative divisions of Bangladesh. ... Karnaphuli (also spelt Karnafuli) is a river in the south-eastern part of Bangladesh. ... Look up Bay of Bengal in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

The largest sea port in the country, Chittagong is the main route for almost all of Bangladesh's imports and exports, and generates a huge amount of revenue each year, attracting many investors internationally.^{[citation needed]} Its harbour also contains extensively developed port facilities, and is particularly suitable for ocean steamers. Investment is a term with several closely related meanings in finance and economics. ...

Chittagong is also Bangladesh's commercial and manufacturing centre, and home to the country's largest companies. Notably, two large eco-parks catering to ecologists and forestry-related genetic science have been opened recently in neighbouring Sitakunda and Bashkhali.

History

Chittagong has been a sea port since ancient times. Arabs traded with the port from the 9th century AD. The Chittagong region was under the kingdom of Arakan during sixth and seventh centuries. Before Muslim rule, Chittagong had been either under the control of the Arakans or under the kings of Burma. Sultan Fakruddin Mubarak Shah of Sonargaon conquered Chittagong in 1340. After the defeat of Sultan Giasuddin Mahmud Shah in the hands of Sher Shah in1538, the Arakanese again captured Chittagong. From this time onward until its conquest by the Mughals this region was under the control of the Portuguese and the Magh pirates. The Mughal Commandar Bujurg Umed Khan expelled the Portuguese from the area in 1666 and established Mughal rule there. The Mughals renamed Chittagong as Islamabad. Arakan is a state in the North Western part of Myanmar, formerly Burma. ...

On 18th April 1930, the revolutionaries looted the Chittagong armoury under the leadership of Mastarda Surya Sen. During this time the leaders of the women revolutionaries were Pritilata Waddedar, Bina Das, Lila Ray, Kalpana Dutta etc. In 1971, The Declaration of Independence of Bangladesh was announced from Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra located at Kalurghat, Chittagong. Indian Postage stamp on Surya Sen Surya Sen, a teacher by profession, was the chief architect of anti-British movement in Chittagong. ...

The explorer Ibn Battuta passed through Chittagong during his travels. It has been suggested that Travelling route of Ibn Batuta be merged into this article or section. ...

Geography and climate

Satellite view of Chittagong city.

Chittagong is located at 22°22′0″N, 91°48′0″E on the banks of the Karnaphuli River. It has a total area of 157 square kilometers (61 sq mi). The city is known for its vast hilly terrain that stretches throughout the entire district and eventually into India. However, Chittagong does not contain any natural lakes but has artificial ones. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 469 pixelsFull resolution (1152 × 675 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 469 pixelsFull resolution (1152 × 675 pixel, file size: 1. ... Karnaphuli (also spelt Karnafuli) is a river in the south-eastern part of Bangladesh. ...

Civic Administration

Chittagong City Hall Building

Chittagong is a Divisional Headquarter for the Chittagong Division. The Divisional Commissioner is the Highest Ranking Government Official and is the chief coordinator of all 11 Districts. He is assisted with 3 Additional Divisional Commissioners. The Chittagong District has a District Commissioner. The city areas are divided into several wards and mahallas, under the jurisdiction of the Chittagong City Corporation. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Chittagong Division is one of the six administrative divisions of Bangladesh. ... Chittagong District is a district located in the south-eastern region of Bangladesh. ... Chittagong City Corporation (CCC) is a self-governing organisation which governs the municipal areas of Chittagong and some adjoining areas of south-eastern Bangladesh. ...

People and Culture

Overhead view of Chittagong.

The people of the city are diverse and multi-ethnic, and the native Bengali and Tibeto-Burman populations have had significant influence from Arab, Afghan, and Mughal traders and settlers, all of whom had travelled in the city after arriving on its shores many hundreds of years ago. The descendants of Portuguese settlers, known as the Firingi, also continue to live in Chittagong, as Catholic Christians, in the old Portuguese enclave of Paterghatta. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The Bengali people are the ethnic community from Bengal (divided between India and Bangladesh) on the Indian subcontinent with a history dating back four millennia. ... The Tibeto-Burman linguistic subfamily of the proposed Sino-Tibetan language family is spoken in various central and south Asian countries: Myanmar (Burmese language), Tibet (Tibetan language), northern Thailand (Mong language), Nepal, Bhutan, India (Himachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura and the Ladakh region of... The Arabian Peninsula The Arabian Peninsula is a mainly desert peninsula in Southwest Asia at the junction of Africa and Asia and an important part of the greater Middle East. ... The Mughal Empire (alternative spelling Mogul, which is the origin of the word Mogul) of India was founded by Babur in 1526, when he defeated Ibrahim Lodi, the last of the Delhi Sultans at the First Battle of Panipat. ...

Chittagong is also home to several of the most renowned universities of Bangladesh, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology (CUET), the International Islamic University Chittagong, the Chittagong University, established in 1966, Southern University Bangladesh, Mehedibagh,Chittagong established in the year 1998, the Chittagong College being notable examples. It also contains many madrasas (Islamic educational centres) within its borders. Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology (CUET) is a public engineering university in Chittagong, Bangladesh. ... International Islamic University Chittagong or IIUC as it is commonly referred to, is a private University in Chittagong, Bangladesh and it has been operating as a fully fledged centre of tertiary education since 1995. ... University of Chittagong (Bangla: চট্টগ্রাম বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়) is a public university situated at Hathazari in Chittagong, Bangladesh. ... Chittagong College is the topmost college in Chittagong, Bangladesh. ...

Economy and Development

Port of Chittagong

The sea-borne exports consist chiefly of ready made garments, knitwear, frozen food, jute and jute goods, leather and leather goods, tea, and chemical products. There is also a large trade by country boats, bringing chiefly cotton, rice, spices, sugar and tobacco. Ship breaking was introduced to the area in 1969. This industry is concentrated at Fauzdarhat, a 16 kilometers (10 mi) long beach 20 kilometers (12 mi) north-west of Chittagong. Poor environmental standards produce unsafe labour conditions for ship-breaking workers and release toxins such as asbestos and PCBs into the environment.^[2] Chittagong is home to a large number of industries from small to heavy. It has automobile industries, refinery, pharmaceutical plants, chemical plants, export processing zones, steel meel etc. The privately owned Korean export processing zone is also located in Chittagong. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (3264 × 2448 pixel, file size: 3. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (3264 × 2448 pixel, file size: 3. ... The word Jute is also used in reference to the Germanic people, the Jutes. ... Ship breaking or ship demolition involves breaking up of ships for scrap. ...

The city of Chittagong had been prolongued with neglect by the Bangladeshi government until the turn of the century when exports grew by 21.13% to an all time high of $8.02 billion.^[3]. Chittagong is the site of Bangladesh's busiest port which handles 80% of all Bangladeshi imports and exports. The strategic location of the port has allowed for interest by investors to help improve the city.

Busy intersection of Chittagong.

Agrabad is the chief downtown of Chittagong along with a few other minor areas. Many companies like HSBC have their offices stationed in the city. Numerous investments have allowed for a construction boom similar to Dhaka. Over the years, scores of hotels, shopping centers, and other modern buildings have sprang up to change the face of the city. Some in particular include the 2 star Asian SR Hotel and 4 star Penninsula Chittagong.^[4]. Ongoing developments include an 18 story shopping cum commercial complex named Akhtaruzzaman Centre^[5] and a Chittagong World Trade Centre^[6]. Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... HSBC Holdings plc (LSE: HSBA, SEHK: 005, NYSE: HBC, Euronext: HSBC, BSX: 1077223879) is one of the largest banking groups in the world, ranked the fifth-largest company in the world in Forbes Global 2000. ... Dhaka (previously Dacca; Bengali: Ḍhākā; IPA: ) is the capital of Bangladesh and the principal city of Dhaka District. ...

According to CityMayors Statistics[1] Chittagong registered a GDP of $16 billion in 2005 with an annual growth rate of 6.3%. It is estimated that in 2020 the GDP of Chittagong will be $39 billion.^[7].

Chittagonian

Many Chittagong natives speak Chittagonian (চাটগাঁইয়া Chaţgaiã), an Indo-European language of the Eastern Indic group. Many speakers consider their language to be a dialect of standard Bengali, the official language of Bangladesh. However, the two languages are not mutually intelligible, meaning that those who only know how to speak Standard Bengali will not understand Chittagonian speakers, and vice versa - normally the metric for languagehood among linguists. There is, however, a dialect continuum between Chittagonian and neighboring dialects of Bengali, meaning that speakers of each neighboring dialect can largely understand each other, while speakers of more distant dialects cannot. Chittagonian has approximately 14 million speakers.^[8] Chittagonian is an Indo-European language spoken by the people of Chittagong in Bangladesh and the much of the southeast of the country. ... Proto-Indo-European Indo-European studies The Indo-European languages include some 443 (SIL estimate) languages and dialects spoken by about three billion people, including most of the major language families of Europe and western Asia, which belong to a single superfamily. ... The Eastern Indo-Aryan languages include some 210 (SIL estimate) languages and dialects spoken by about many people in Asia; this language family is a part of the Indo-Aryan language family. ... The Indo-Aryan languages form a subgroup of the Indo-Iranian languages, thus belonging to the Indo-European family of languages. ... A dialect (from the Greek word διάλεκτος, dialektos) is a variety of a language characteristic of a particular group of the languages speakers. ... Bengali or Bangla (বাংলা, IPA: ) is an Indo-Aryan language of the eastern Indian subcontinent, evolved from Prakrit, Pāli and Sanskrit. ... A pair of languages is said to be mutually intelligible if speakers of one language can readily understand the other language. ... A dialect continuum is a range of dialects spoken across a large geographical area, differing only slightly between areas that are geographically close, and gradually decreasing in mutual intelligibility as the distances become greater. ...

Main sights

The main attractions of Chittagong are:

The Green City of Bangladesh with lots of Hills on it's heart, some of those are hot-spots such as DC Hill, Batali Hill, Forest Hill.

Patenga Beach: Sandy beach at the meeting place of the roaring sea and the river Karnaphuli. It looks more beautiful from Navel Academy Road which is just Beside the Shah Amanat International Airport.

Foy's Lake: Set amidst panoramic surroundings, this ideal spot for outings and picnics is thronged by thousands of visitors. This Lake has been created in the natural environment in 1924 by the initiative of the then Asam-Bengal Railway. This lake has been created by building a dam based on a plan by an English engineer Mr. Foy. Now an amusement park is established there. Foys Lake, Chittagong, Bangladesh. ...

Shrine of Baizid Bostami: This holy shrine attracts a large number of visitors and pilgrims. At its base there is a large pond with several hundred tortoises floating in the water. According to tradition, these turtles are descendants of evil spirits (djinn) who were cast into this shape because they incurred the wrath of the great saint who visited the place about 1100 years ago.

World war II Cemetery: In this well-preserved cemetery at quiet and picturesque place lie buried over 700 soldiers from commonwealth countries and Japan. The War Cemetery is located in a hillside sloping place, in the south-western corner of Chittagong Medical College Hospital, beside the Badshah Mia Road of the city. The total area of this cemetery is eight acres, which is protected and supervised by the Common wealth Graves Commission.

Ethnological Museum: A unique treasure house of variety of tribal culture and heritage of Bangladesh. The Ethnological Museum of Chittagong was established in the first half of nineteen sixties. The museum contains four galleries and a small hall.

Baitul Falah The largest masjid in Chittagong. Baitul Falah or Jamiatul Falah is the largest Mosque of Chittagong, Bangladesh. ... A mosque is a place of worship for followers of the Islamic faith. ...

Chandanpura Mosque: Situated in the old city, the multi domed mosque is an architectural sight to behold.

Chittagong College: Situated in the old city, is one of the oldest colleges in Bangladesh (estd 1869) and also one of the prestigious academy.

Court Building: Situated on the Fairy Hill, this building commands a magnificent bird's eye view of Chittagong city, particularly at night. This gigantic Judge Court building was built immediately after the East India Company conquered and declared Chittagong as a separate administrative area in 1773. The building is huge, over 250 thousand square feet and has hundreds of rooms.

Main Attractions Gallery

Karnaphuli Bridge Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (3264 × 2448 pixel, file size: 2. ...	Foy's Lake, Chittagong, Bangladesh Image File history File linksMetadata Ctg_foys_lake_water_2003. ...	Chittagong Circuit House/Zia Memorial Museum Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...	Chittagong Stadium Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Patenga Sea Beach Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...	Chittagong Court House Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...	Foy's Lake Amuzement Park Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...	A Buddhist Temple in Banderban. Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ...
A Prime tourist attraction, the mini Bangladesh attraction park consists of recreations of famous landmarks in the country as well as a 71 metre revolving restaurant. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

Transport

Further information: Transport in Bangladesh

// Main article: Bangladesh Railway Railway acts as an important method of mass transport in Bangladesh. ...

Ground

Transport in Chittagong is similar to that of the country's capital Dhaka. There are various bus systems, taxis, and as well as smaller 'Baby' or 'CNG' taxis which are basically tricycle-structured motor vehicles. Also, there are the traditional manual rickshaws which are very common.

Railway

Chittagong has a station on the narrow gauge eastern section of the Bangladesh Railway. The headquarters of this railway are located here. Comparison of standard gauge (blue) and one common narrow gauge (red) width. ... Bangladesh Railway is the state-owned Railway company of Bangladesh. ...

Air

Shah Amanat International Airport serves as Chittagong's international airport. It is the 2nd busiest in Bangladesh. It has international services to destinations such as Dubai, Kolkata, Yangon, Muscat and Bangkok. It was formerly known as MA Hannan International Airport, but was renamed on April 2, 2005 by the Government of Bangladesh. Major airlines that serve the airport include Biman Bangladesh Airlines, Thai Airways International, GMG Airlines, and Oman Air. Shah Amanat International Airport (IATA: CGP, ICAO: VGEG) serves Bangladeshs southeastern port city of Chittagong. ... Coordinates: , Emirate Dubai Government  - Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Area [1]  - Metro 4,114 km² (1,588. ... , “Calcutta” redirects here. ... Yangon (Burmese: , population 5,000,000 (nearly) (2007 census), formerly Rangoon, is the largest city and former capital of Myanmar (previously known as Burma, prior to 1989). ... Several things are known as Muscat: Muscat, or Mascat is the capital of the Sultanate of Oman, also known as sultanate of Muscat. ... A BTS skytrain passing the Sathon area of Bangkok. ... April 2 is the 92nd day of the year (93rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Biman Bangladesh Airlines (Bangla:িবমান বাংলােদশ) is an airline based in Dhaka, Bangladesh. ... Thai Airways International (Thai: ) is the national air carrier of Thailand, operating out of Suvarnabhumi Airport, and is a founding member of the Star Alliance network. ... GMG Airlines is an airline based in Dhaka, Bangladesh. ... Oman Air (الطيران العماني) is an airline based in Muscat, Oman. ...

See also

• Chittagong Hill Tracts
• Chittagong Division
• 1970 Bhola Cyclone
• 1991 Bangladesh Cyclone
• Chittagonian language

This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Chittagong Division is one of the six administrative divisions of Bangladesh. ... Lowest pressure 966 hPa (mbar) Fatalities 300,000-500,000 (Deadliest tropical cyclone of all time) Damage $86. ... Lowest pressure 898 mbar (hPa) (unconfirmed) Damage $1. ... Chittagonian is an Indo-European language spoken by the people of Chittagong in Bangladesh and the much of the southeast of the country. ...

References

This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 102nd day of the year (103rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... PDF is an abbreviation with several meanings: Portable Document Format Post-doctoral fellowship Probability density function There also is an electronic design automation company named PDF Solutions. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... December 2 is the 336th day of the year (337th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 139th day of the year (140th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 139th day of the year (140th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 139th day of the year (140th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 139th day of the year (140th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 139th day of the year (140th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Encyclopædia Britannica, the eleventh edition The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911) is perhaps the most famous edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...

Coordinates: 22°22′N, 91°48′E Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...