Chlorhexidine gluconate
Systematic (IUPAC) name
1-[amino-[6-[amino-[amino-(4-chlorophenyl)amino- methylidene]amino-methylidene]aminohexylimino] methyl]imino-N-(4-chlorophenyl)-methanediamine
Identifiers
CAS number	55-56-1
ATC code	A01AB03 B05CA02, D08AC02, D09AA12, R02AA05, S01AX09, S02AA09, S03AA04
PubChem	5353524
DrugBank	APRD00545
Chemical data
Formula	C22H30Cl2N10
Mol. weight	505.446 g/mol
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	?
Protein binding	87%
Metabolism	?
Half life	?
Excretion	?
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.	? Chlorhexidine structure. ... IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic way of naming organic chemical compounds. ... CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for chemical compounds, polymers, biological sequences and alloys. ... The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System is used for the classification of drugs. ... A division of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System A Alimentary tract and metabolism A01A Stomatological preparations A01AA Caries prophylactic agents A01AA01 Sodium fluoride A01AA02 Sodium monofluorophosphate A01AA03 Olaflur A01AA04 Stannous fluoride A01AA30 Combinations A01AA51 Sodium fluoride, combinations A01AB Anti-infectives and antiseptics for local oral treatment A01AB02 Hydrogen peroxide... A section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. ... A section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. ... A section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. ... A section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. ... A section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. ... A section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. ... A section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. ... PubChem is a database of chemical molecules . ... DrugBank is a database available at the University of Alberta that provides information about thousands of products. ... A chemical formula (also called molecular formula) is a concise way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound. ... The molecular mass of a substance (less accurately called molecular weight and abbreviated as MW) is the mass of one molecule of that substance, relative to the unified atomic mass unit u (equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12). ... In pharmacology, bioavailability is used to describe the fraction of an administered dose of medication that reaches the systemic circulation, one of the principal pharmacokinetic properties of drugs. ... Many drugs are bound to Blood plasma proteins. ... Santorio Santorio (1561-1636) in his steelyard balance, from Ars de statica medecina, first published 1614 Metabolism (from μεταβολισμος (metabolismos)) is the biochemical modification of chemical compounds in living organisms anggjgjhnd cell (b). ... The elimination half-life of a drug (or any xenobiotic agent) refers to the timecourse necessary for the quantity of the xenobiotic agent in the body (or plasma concentration) to be reduced to half of its original level through various elimination processes. ... Excretion is the biological process by which an organism chemically separates waste products from its body. ... The pregnancy category of a pharmaceutical agent is an assessment of the risk of fetal injury due to the pharmaceutical, if it is used as directed by the mother during pregnancy. ...
Legal status
Routes	?

Chlorhexidine Gluconate is a chemical antiseptic, to combat both gram positive and gram negative microbes. It is both bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal. The regulation of therapeutic goods, that is drugs and therapeutic devices, varies by jurisdiction. ... In pharmacology and toxicology, a route of administration is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison or other substance is brought into contact with the body 1. ... An antiseptic (Greek αντι, against, and σηπτικος, putrefactive) is a substance that prevents the growth and reproduction of various microorganisms (such as bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses) on the external surfaces of the body. ... A microorganism or microbe is an organism that is so small that it is microscopic (invisible to the naked eye). ... Bacteriostatic antibiotics hamper the growth of bacteria by interfering with bacteria protein production, interfering with bacteria DNA production interfering with bacteria cellular metabolism Bacteriostatic antibiotics inhibit growth and repoduction of the bacteria, though do not kill it, while bactericidal antibiotics kill bacteria. ... Bacteriocidal prevents and combats bacterial infection. ...

The mechanism of action is believed to be membrane disruption, and not ATPase inactivation as previously thought.

Products containing Chlorhexidine Gluconate in high concentrations must be kept away from eyes (corneal ulcers) and the inner ear (deafness), although it is used in minute concentrations in some contact lens solutions. In some countries it is available by prescription only. Look up prescription in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

It is often used as an active ingredient in mouthwash designed to kill dental plaque and other oral bacteria. Chlorhexidine gluconate can thus be used to improve bad breath[1]. It is sometimes marketed under the brand names Peridex, Periochip, Periogard Oral Rinse. In the UK it is sometimes marketed under the brand names Corsodyl or Chlorohex, and in Australia as Savacol. Chlorhexidine Gluconate-based products are usually utilized to combat or prevent gum diseases such as gingivitis. Antiseptic mouth rinse, often called mouthwash, is an oral hygiene product that claims to kill the germs that cause plaque, gingivitis, and bad breath. ... Dental plaque is a yellowish biofilm that builds up on the teeth. ... Phyla/Divisions Actinobacteria Aquificae Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi Chlamydiae/Verrucomicrobia Chloroflexi Chrysiogenetes Cyanobacteria Deferribacteres Deinococcus-Thermus Dictyoglomi Fibrobacteres/Acidobacteria Firmicutes Fusobacteria Gemmatimonadetes Nitrospirae Omnibacteria Planctomycetes Proteobacteria Spirochaetes Thermodesulfobacteria Thermomicrobia Thermotogae Bacteria (singular, bacterium) are a major group of living organisms. ... Periodontal disease is the name for bacterial infections of the gums in the mouth. ... Gingivitis is the inflammation of the gums (gingiva) around the teeth. ...

Chlorhexidine is deactivated by anionic compounds, including the anionic surfactants commonly used as detergents in toothpastes and mouthwashes. For this reason, chlorhexidine mouth rinses should be used at least 30 minutes after other dental products.^[1] For best effectiveness, food, drink, smoking, and mouth rinses should be avoided for at least one hour after use. In chemistry, an anionic species is one that contains a full negative charge. ... Surfactants, also known as wetting agents, lower the surface tension of a liquid, allowing easier spreading. ...

Chlorhexidine Gluconate is also used in non-dental applications, most notably under the brand names Oronine,Hibiclens, Hibiscrub, ChloraPrep, BIOPATCH, and Exidine. It is used for general skin cleansing, a surgical scrub and a pre-operative skin preparation. Due to other chemicals listed as inactive ingredients, the cleanser solution is not suitable for use as mouthwash. A close-up of human skin. ...

References

Kuyyakanond T, Quesnel LB., 1992, The mechanism of action of chlorhexidine, FEMS Microbiol Lett, 100, 1-3, 211-216.

External links

• Drugs.com chlorhexidine gluconate Drug Information
• Link page to external chemical sources.