NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Chloropicrin

Chloropicrin is a slightly oily, colorless or faintly yellow liquid of the formula C Cl₃N O₂. Its freezing point is -69.2 °C and its boiling point is 112 °C, where it partially decomposes to phosgene and nitrosyl chloride. It is denser than water. It is more toxic than chlorine but less than phosgene. Its CAS number is [76-06-2][1]. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1083x844, 19 KB) Summary Description: Structural formula of chloropicrin (Trichloronitromethane; CCl3NO2). ... The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) is an international non-governmental organization devoted to the advancement of chemistry. ... A chemical formula (also called molecular formula) is a concise way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound. ... CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for chemical compounds, polymers, biological sequences, mixtures and alloys. ... The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which it can change its state from a liquid to a gas throughout the bulk of the liquid at a given pressure. ... The melting point of a solid is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. ... Vapor pressure is the pressure of a vapor in equilibrium with its non-vapor phases. ... Relative density (also known as specific gravity) is a measure of the density of a material. ... A substance is soluble in a fluid if it dissolves in that fluid. ... Density (symbol: Ï - Greek: rho) is a measure of mass per unit of volume. ... Variation in the physical appearance of humans is believed by anthropologists to be an important factor in the development of personality and social relations in particular physical attractiveness. ... Color is an important part of the visual arts. ... General Name, Symbol, Number carbon, C, 6 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 14, 2, p Appearance black (graphite) colorless (diamond) Atomic mass 12. ... General Name, Symbol, Number chlorine, Cl, 17 Chemical series halogens Group, Period, Block 17, 3, p Appearance yellowish green Atomic mass 35. ... General Name, Symbol, Number nitrogen, N, 7 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 15, 2, p Appearance colorless Atomic mass 14. ... General Name, Symbol, Number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series Nonmetals, chalcogens Group, Period, Block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless Atomic mass 15. ... Phosgene (also known as carbonyl chloride, COCl2) is a highly toxic gas or refrigerated liquid that was used as a chemical weapon in World War I. It has no color, but is detectable in air by its odor, which resembles moldy hay. ... General Name, Symbol, Number chlorine, Cl, 17 Chemical series halogens Group, Period, Block 17, 3, p Appearance yellowish green Atomic mass 35. ... CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for chemical compounds, polymers, biological sequences and alloys. ...

Chloropicrin vapor is highly poisonous if inhaled. In WWI it was used as a poison gas. After WW II, however, the importance of Chloropikrin for military use decreased and, today, has vanished. In the chemical industry, it is widely used for organic synthesis, in fumigants, in fungicides and insecticides, and for the extermination of rats. Chloropicrin is a relatively stable liquid that is prepared by the reaction of picric acid with calcium hypochlorite, by the addition of nitrogen to chlorinated hydrocarbons, or by chlorinating nitromethane. In environment it undergoes photolysis. Dressing the wounded during a gas attack by Austin O. Spare, 1918. ... Organic synthesis is the construction of organic molecules via chemical processes. ... Fumigation is a method of pest control that completely fills an area with gaseous pesticides to suffocate or poison the pests within. ... A Fungicide is one of three main methods of pest control- chemical control of fungi in this case. ... A insecticide is a pesticide used against insects in all development forms. ... Species 50 species; see text *Several subfamilies of Muroids include animals called rats. ... Picric acid is the common term for the chemical compound 2,4,6-trinitrophenol, also known as TNP; the material is a yellow crystalline solid. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Calcium oxy chloride. ... Flash point 35 Â°C R/S statement R: S: RTECS number PA9800000 Related compounds Related nitro compounds nitroethane Related compounds methyl nitrite methyl nitrate Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 Â°C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references Nitromethane is an organic... Photolysis refers to any chemical reaction in which a compound is broken down by light. ...

Chloropicrin was used in World War I as a chemical weapon, called PS by British, Aquinite by French, and Klop (green cross) by Germans. See also Use of poison gas in World War I. Combatants Allies: Serbia, Russia, France, Romania, Belgium, British Empire, United States, Italy, and others Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire Casualties Military dead: 5 million Civilian deaths: 3 million Total of dead: 8 million Military dead: 4 million Civilian deaths: 3 million Total dead: 7 million The First... Dressing the wounded during a gas attack by Austin O. Spare, 1918. ... A poison gas attack in World War I. The use of poison gas was a major military innovation of the First World War. ...

Chloropicrin is used for fumigation, to sterilize soil and seed. Fumigation is a method of pest control that completely fills an area with gaseous pesticides to suffocate or poison the pests within. ... Sterilization can mean: Sterilization (surgical procedure) - an operation which renders an animal or human unable to procreate Sterilization (microbiology) - the removal of microbiological organisms This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Soil is the material on the surface of a lithosphere subject to weathering, and especially the earthy portion of that material. ... A ripe red jalapeno cut open to show the seeds For other uses, see Seed (disambiguation). ...

As a chemical warfare agent it is known as PS and it is a powerful irritant from the group of pulmonary agents. It causes lachrymation, vomiting, bronchitis, and pulmonary edema; the lung injury can be fatal. Very low concentrations cause burning sensation of the eyes, which may serve as a warning. Because of its relative inertness and the small size of its molecule, chloropicrin penetrates gas mask filters. It then causes vomiting, which makes the victim remove the gas mask. For this reason, it is often mixed with other chemical weapons. Chemical warfare is warfare (and associated military operations) using the toxic properties of chemical substances to kill, injure or incapacitate an enemy. ... Categories: Chemical weapons | Stub ... Tears trickling down the cheeks Lacrimation is the bodys process of producing tears, which are a liquid to clean and lubricate the eyes. ... Although it has probably evolved as a mechanism for expelling ingested poisons, vomiting (or emesis)may result from many causes not related to poisoning, ranging from gastritis to brain tumors, or elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). ... Bronchitis is an obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by inflammation of the bronchi of the lungs. ... Pulmonary edema is swelling and/or fluid accumulation in the lungs. ... The lungs flank the heart and great vessels in the chest cavity. ... Belgian 1930s era L.702 model civilian mask A gas mask, is a mask worn on the face to protect the body from airborne pollutants and toxic materials. ...

Categories: Chemical weapons | World War I weapons | Fumigants | Organic compound stubs Taken from Image:WMD.png by Wapcaplet File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Chemical warfare is warfare (and associated military operations) using the toxic properties of chemical substances to kill, injure or incapacitate an enemy. ... A blood agent (also called a cyanogen agent) is a compound that prevents the normal transfer of oxygen from the blood to the body tissues, resulting in chemical asphyxiation. ... Cyanogen chloride, also known as CK, is a highly toxic blood agent first proposed for use in warfare by the French. ... Flash point âˆ’17. ... Blister agents are named for their ability to cause large, painful water blisters on the bodies of those affected. ... Chemical structure of Lewisite Lewisite is a chemical compound from a chemical family called arsines. ... 0. ... The nitrogen mustards are cytotoxic chemotherapy agents similar to mustard gas. ... Nerve agents (also known as nerve gases, though these chemicals are liquid at room temperature) are a class of phosphorus-containing organic chemicals (organophosphates) that disrupt the mechanism by which nerves transfer messages to organs. ... Tabun or GA (Ethyl N,N-dimethylphosphoramidocyanidate) is an extremely toxic substance that is one of the worlds most dangerous military weapons. ... Sarin or GB (O-Isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate) is an extremely toxic substance. ... Boiling point 198 Â°C (388 Â°F) Freezing/melting point âˆ’42 Â°C (âˆ’44 Â°F) Vapor pressure 0. ... Cyclosarin or GF (Cyclohexyl methylphosphonofluoridate) is an extremely toxic substance that is one of the worlds most dangerous weapons of war. ... VE (S-(Diethylamino)ethyl O-ethyl ethylphosphonothioate) is a V-series nerve agent closely related to the better-known VX nerve gas. ... VG (also called Amiton or Tetram) is a V-series nerve agent closely related to the better-known VX nerve agent. ... VM (Phosphonothioic acid, methyl-, S-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl) O-ethyl ester) is a V-series nerve agent closely related to the better-known VX nerve agent. ... The VX nerve agent is the most well-known of the V-series of nerve agents. ... Categories: Chemical weapons | Stub ... General Name, Symbol, Number chlorine, Cl, 17 Chemical series halogens Group, Period, Block 17, 3, p Appearance yellowish green Atomic mass 35. ... Phosgene (also known as carbonyl chloride, COCl2) is a highly toxic gas or refrigerated liquid that was used as a chemical weapon in World War I. It has no color, but is detectable in air by its odor, which resembles moldy hay. ... Diphosgene (ClCO2CCl3) Diphosgene (Trichloromethyl chloroformate, ClCO2CCl3) is a chemical originally developed for chemical warfare, a few months after the first use of phosgene. ... The term incapacitating agent is defined by the U.S. Department of Defense as An agent that produces temporary physiological or mental effects, or both, which will render individuals incapable of concerted effort in the performance of their assigned duties. ... Diagram of a BZ molecule 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB), empirical formula C21H23NO3, full chemical name 1-azabicyclo[2. ... KOLOKOL-1 is an opiate-derived incapacitating agent. ... A riot control agent is a type of lachrymatory agent (or lacrimatory agent). ... Pepper spray (also known as OC spray (from Oleoresin Capsicum), OC gas, or capsicum spray) is a lachrymatory agent (a chemical compound that irritates the eyes to cause tears, pain, and even temporary blindness) that is used in riot control, crowd control and personal self-defense, including defense against dogs. ... CS or 2-chlorobenzalmalononitrile (chemical formula: C10H5ClN2) is a substance that is used as a riot control agent and is usually claimed to be non-lethal by the forces who use it. ... Categories: Stub | Chemical weapons | Less-lethal weapons ... CR gas or dibenzoxazepine, chemically dibenz[b,f][1,4]oxazepine, is an incapacitating agent and a lachrymatory agent. ...