Khotin fortress overlooks the Dniester river

Khotyn (Хотин, Polish: Chocim; Romanian: Hotin; Russian: Хотин, Khotin) is a town in the Chernivets'ka oblast' of Ukraine. In former times the town was part of the Bessarabia region, which between the 15th and the 20th centuries passed successively to Moldavia, the Ottoman Empire, Russia, Romania, the Soviet Union, and Ukraine and Moldova. Due to the frequent change of control the name also changed frequently, and there are a multitude of spellings for the town's name, including but not limited to Khotyn, Chocim, Chotyn, Hotin, Choczim, or Khotin. The city is famous for its history and archaeology, and also for the Khotyn Fortress (http://www.xenophongi.org/ukraine/khotin/khotin1s.jpg). The river Dniestr (in Polish and Russian; Nistru in Romanian; Дністер, Dnister in Ukrainian; Tyras in Latin; also known as Dniester) is a river in Eastern Europe. ... Polish (polski, język polski) is the official language of Poland. ... Romanian (limba română ) is an Eastern Romance language, spoken by about 28 million people, most of them in Romania, Moldova (where it is the official language) and nearby countries. ... Russian (русский язык  listen?) is the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages. ... The Chernivtsi region (Черніветська область, Chernivets’ka oblast’ in Ukrainian) lies in southwestern Ukraine, bordering on Romania and Moldova. ... Ukraine (Україна, Ukrayina in Ukrainian; Украина in Russian) is a republic in eastern Europe which borders Russia to the east, Belarus to the north, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary to the west, Romania and Moldova to the southwest and the Black Sea to the south. ... Old map of Bessarabia Bessarabia or Bessarabiya (Basarabia in Turkish) was the name used by Russia to designate the eastern part of the territory known as Moldova (Moldavia in English), which was occupied by Russia in 1812. ... (14th century - 15th century - 16th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the... The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power Imperial motto El Muzaffer Daima The Ever Victorious (as written in tugra) Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital İstanbul ( Constantinople/Asitane/Konstantiniyye ) Sovereigns Sultans of the Osmanli Dynasty Population ca 40 million Area 12+ million km² Establishment 1299 Dissolution October 29, 1923... The Russian Federation (Russian: Росси́йская Федера́ция, transliteration: Rossiyskaya Federatsiya or Rossijskaja Federacija), or Russia (Russian: Росси́я, transliteration: Rossiya or Rossija), is a country that stretches over a vast expanse of eastern Europe and northern Asia. ... Romania (formerly spelled Rumania or Roumania; Romanian: România) is a country in southeastern Europe. ... Soviet Union - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ...

History

Contemporary painting of the Battle of Khotyn

In the 10th century, Khotyn was a minor settlement of Kievan Rus. In the later part of middle ages it was the seat of a Genoese colony and then part of the Moldavian principality, which by the 17th century falled under Turkish suzeranity. Kievan Rus′ (Ки́евская Ру́сь, Kievskaya Rus in Russian; Київська Русь, Kyivs’ka Rus’ in Ukrainian) was the early, mostly East Slavic¹ state dominated by the city of Kiev (ru: Ки́ев, Kiev; uk: Ки́їв, Kyiv), from about 880 to the middle of the 12th century. ... Alternate uses, see Genoa (disambiguation). ... (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ...

The chief events in its annals are: the two defeats of the Turks by the army of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, in 1621 by hetman Jan Chodkiewicz, and again in 1673 by king Jan Sobieski; the defeat of the Turks in 1739 by the Russians under Munnich; the defeat of the Russians by the Turks in 1768; the capture by the Russians in 1769, and by the Austrians in 1788; and the occupation by the Russians in 1806. It finally passed to Russia with Bessarabia in 1812 by the Peace of Bucharest. Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... Hetman (from Czech: hejtman, German: Hauptmann, Turkish: Ataman) was the title of the second highest military commander (after the monarch) used in 15th to 18th century Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania, known from 1568 to 1795 as the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. ... Reign From May 21, 1674, until June 17, 1696 Elected On May 21, 1674 in Wola, today suburb of Warsaw, Poland Coronation On February 2, 1676 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Nobel Family Sobieski Coat of Arms Janina Parents Jakub Sobieski Zofia Teofillia Daniłowicz Consorts Marie Casimire Louise Children... Count Burkhard Christoph von Munnich ( 1683 - 1767) was a Russian field marshal and political figure. ... Russo-Turkish War, 1806-1812 was one of the several wars fought between Imperial Russia and Ottoman Empire War broke out in 1806, when Turkey deposed the russophile governors of its vassal states Moldavia and Walachia. ...

Shortly after it became part of Romania in January 1919, Ukrainian Bolshevik troops dressed as civilians entered Khotyn and encouraged the ethnic Ukrainians to revolt. An insurrection took place against the Romanian rule. (see the Khotyn uprising) The Romanian Army defeated the Bolsheviks by February 1919. Romania (formerly spelled Rumania or Roumania; Romanian: România) is a country in southeastern Europe. ...

The town passed to the Soviet Ukraine in June 1940 with the rest of the Chernivtsi region (formerly known by its historic name Bukovina) as an outcome of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact. 1940 was a leap year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Bukovina - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... Molotov (left), Ribbentrop (in black) and Stalin (far right) The Molotov-Ribbentrop pact, also known as the Hitler-Stalin pact or Nazi-Soviet pact and formally known as the Treaty of Nonaggression between Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, was a non-aggression treaty between Germany and Russia...

Battles

Defending the Polish banner at Chocim in 1621

In the 1621 battle of Khotyn, an army of 160,000 Turkish veterans were led by Sultan Osman II from Adrianople towards the Polish frontier. The Turks, after their victory at the Cecora, had high hopes of conquering Poland altogether. Their opposing military commander Jan Karol Chodkiewicz crossed the Dnieper in September 1621 and entrenched himself in the Khotyn Fortress right in the path of the Ottoman advance. Here for a whole month the Commonwealth hetman held the sultan at bay, till the first fall of autumn snow compelled Osman to withdraw his diminished forces. But the victory was dearly purchased by Poland. A few days before the siege was raised the aged grand hetman died of exhaustion in the fortress on September 24, 1621. The battle is described by Wacław Potocki in his most famous work Transakcja wojny chocimskiej and ends the period of Moldavian Magnate Wars. Edirne is a city in (Thrace), the westernmost part of Turkey, close to the borders with Greece and Bulgaria. ... Battle of Cecora Conflict Polish-Ottoman Wars Date 17 September-7 October 1620 Place near Cecora and Prut river, Moldova Result Polish defeat Battle of Cecora (also known as Battle of Tutora) was battle between Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Turks and Tatars) from 17 September 1620 to 7 October in... Nobel Family Chodkiewicz Coat of Arms Chodkiewicz Parents Jan Hieronim Chodkiewicz Krystyna Zborowska Consorts Zofia Mielecka Anna Alojza Ostrogska Children with Zofia Mielecka Hieronim Chodkiewicz Anna Scholastyka Chodkiewicz Date of Birth 1560 Place of Birth  ? Date of Death September 24, 1621 Place of Death Chocim Castle, Poland Jan Karol Chodkiewicz... This article is about the river. ... Events February 9 - Gregory XV is elected pope. ... September 24 is the 267th day of the year (268th in leap years). ... Events February 9 - Gregory XV is elected pope. ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ...

In the 1673 battle of Khotyn, the Polish Hussars again fought a major battle at this location. The Republic of Poland, a democratic country with a population of 38,626,349 and area of 312,685 km², is located in Central Europe, between Germany to the west, the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south, Ukraine and Belarus to the east, and the Baltic Sea, Lithuania and... Polish Hussar Hussar (original Hungarian spelling: huszár, plural huszárok) refers to a number of types of cavalry used throughout Europe since the 15th century. ...

In the Russo-Turkish War, the fortress was taken by Russian field marshal Burkhard Christoph von Munnich on August 19, 1739. This victory is remembered primarily through the Ode on the Taking of Khotin from the Turks, composed by the young Mikhail Lomonosov. This ode produced a revolution in the Russian letters, often taken as a starting point of the modern Russian poetry. Russo-Turkish War of 1735-1739, a war between Russia and the Ottoman Empire, caused by intensified contradictions over the results of the Russo-Polish War of 1733-1735 and endless raids by the Crimean Tatars. ... The Russian Federation (Russian: Росси́йская Федера́ция, transliteration: Rossiyskaya Federatsiya or Rossijskaja Federacija), or Russia (Russian: Росси́я, transliteration: Rossiya or Rossija), is a country that stretches over a vast expanse of eastern Europe and northern Asia. ... Note: This article is about the military usage of the word marshal. For other usages, see the end of this article. ... Count Burkhard Christoph von Munnich ( 1683 - 1767) was a Russian field marshal and political figure. ... August 19 is the 231st day of the year (232nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Events March 20 - Nadir Shah occupies Delhi in India and sacks the city stealing the jewels of the Peacock Throne, including the Koh-i-Noor September 9 - Stono Rebellion erupts near Charleston September 18 - Treaty of Belgrade signed October 3 - Treaty of Nissa signed October 23 - Great Britain declares war... Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov (Михаи́л Васи́льевич Ломоно́сов) (November 19 (November 8, Old Style), 1711 – April 15 (April 4, Old Style), 1765) was a Russian writer and polymath who made important contributions to literature, education, and science. ... Russian literature refers to the literature of Russia or its emigrés, and to the Russian-language literature of several independent nations once a part of what was historically Russia or the Soviet Union. ...

Famous people

• The Romanian philologist Bogdan Petriceicu-Hasdeu was bown in Khotyn in February 16, 1836.

Romania (formerly spelled Rumania or Roumania; Romanian: România) is a country in southeastern Europe. ... Philology is the study of ancient texts and languages. ... Petriceicu_Hasdeu: photograph and signature Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu (February 16, 1836_September 7, 1907) a Romanian philologist, was born at Hotin in Bessarabia in 1836, and studied at the university of Kharkiv. ... February 16 is the 47th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Events January - Book by Maria Monk claims that she was sexually exploited in a Canadian convent February 3 - United States Whig Party holds its first convention in Albany, New York. ...

External links

• History and photos (http://www.xenophongi.org/ukraine/khotin/khotin.htm)
• Flags of the world (http://www.fotw.us/flags/ua-hotin.html)
• Lomonosov's ode on the capture of Khotin (http://www.e-lingvo.net/lyric_lomonosov_39.html)