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Cheondogyo is a 20th century Korean religious movement, based on the 19th century Donghak movement founded by Choe Je-u. Image File history File links Broom_icon. ... The Revised Romanization of Korean is the official Korean language romanization system in South Korea. ... McCune-Reischauer romanization is one of the two most widely used Korean language romanization systems, along with the Revised Romanization of Korean, which replaced (a modified) McCune-Reischauer as the official romanization system in South Korea in 2000. ... Jamo redirects here. ... Hanja is the Korean name for Chinese characters. ... The Revised Romanization of Korean is the official Korean language romanization system in South Korea. ... McCune-Reischauer romanization is one of the two most widely used Korean language romanization systems, along with the Revised Romanization of Korean, which replaced (a modified) McCune-Reischauer as the official romanization system in South Korea in 2000. ... Jamo redirects here. ... Hanja is the Korean name for Chinese characters. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Rooted in Korean Buddhist, Confucian, and Daoist beliefs and rituals with some Christian overtones, this Korean religion has become increasingly popular in both North and South Korea with the revival of Korean nationalism. Cheondoism arose from the Donghak (東學) Movement of the 1860s that had its origins in the peasant rebellions which arose starting in 1812 during the Joseon. Buddhism is a dharmic, non-theistic religion and a philosophy. ... Confucian temple in Jiading district, Shanghai. ... For other uses of the words tao and dao, see Dao (disambiguation). ... Christianity is a monotheistic[1] religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... For the overture by Tchaikovsky, see 1812 Overture; For the wars, see War of 1812 (USA - United Kingdom) or Patriotic War of 1812 (France - Russia) For the Siberia Airlines plane crashed over the Black Sea on October 4, 2001, see Siberia Airlines Flight 1812 1812 was a leap year starting... Territory of Joseon after Jurchen conquest of King Sejong Capital Hanseong Language(s) Korean Religion Confucianism Government Monarchy Wang  - 1392 - 1398 Taejo  - 1418 - 1450 Sejong  - 1776 - 1800 Jeongjo  - 1863 - 1897 Proclaimed Emperor Gojong Yeong-uijeong  - 1431 - 1449 Hwang Hui  - 1466 - 1472 Han Myeonghoe  - 1592 - 1598 Ryu Seongryong  - 1894 Kim Hongjip...

Overview

Cheondogyo translated literally means "Religion of the Heavenly Way"--cheon means "heaven", do means "way", and gyo means "religion".

Choe Je-u 崔濟愚 formulated the Donghak (Eastern Learning) ideology in the 1860s to help ease the lot of the farmers suffering from abject poverty and exploitation, as well as to restore political and social stability. His ideas rapidly gained broad acceptance among the peasantry. Choe set his Donghak themes to music so that illiterate farmers could understand, accept, and remember them more readily. His teachings were systematized and compiled as a message of salvation to farmers in distress.

Periodically drought and floods alternately struck the rich rice-producing areas of Korea and caused great famines. Additionally, the Joseon rulers hiked the taxes on farm crops and forced more free labor on the starving peasants. Consequently, anti-government and anti-landlord sentiment boiled over into violent uprisings. A famine is an phenomenon in which a large percentage of the population of a region or country are undernourished and death by starvation becomes increasingly common. ... Corvée, or corvée labor, is a term used in feudal societies. ...

In December of 1811, Hong Gyeong-rae 洪景來, an impoverished scholar-official, led the peasants in the north in Pyeongan Province into an armed rebellion and occupied the region for several months. The Seoul government dispatched an army and, only after a savage scorched-earth campaign, was the revolt put down. In the south, as well, peasants continued to defy the king in Seoul, the provincial nobility, and the wealthy landlords. Hong Gyeong-nae (1771-1812) was a rebel leader in Pyeongan Province, Korea, during the early 19th century. ... Seoul   is the capital of South Korea and is located on the Han River in the countrys northwest. ...

In 1862, half a century after the peasant rebellion led by Hong was put down, a group of farmers in Jinju in Gyeongsang province, rose up against oppressive provincial officials and wealthy landowners. This uprising was directly attributable to the exploitation of destitute farmers by Baek Nak-sin, a newly appointed military commander who had jurisdiction over the western half of Gyeongsang province. 1862 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Jinju is a city in South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. ... Gyeongsang (Gyeongsang-do) was one of the eight provinces of Korea during the Joseon Dynasty. ... Gyeongsang (Gyeongsang-do) was one of the eight provinces of Korea during the Joseon Dynasty. ...

Yi Yun-myeong 李允命 and Yu Gye-chun 柳繼春 organized the farmers in Jinju to riot against Baek and other corrupt officials and wealthy landlords. The rebels killed local government functionaries and set fire to government buildings. The startled Seoul government hurriedly sent an investigator to the scene. On the basis of his findings of fraudulent practices by the local officials, the government hastily revised the land, military, and grain lending systems in an effort to eliminate such abuses. From the outset, however, it was unrealistic to expect the ruling class in the central government, which was itself deeply involved in such frauds, to make radical changes. But at least a superficial attempt at reform was made.

The agrarian revolt in Jinju triggered peasant uprisings elsewhere. In Gyeongsang, Jeolla and Chungcheong provinces, on faraway Jeju Island and in Hamgyeong and Pyeongan provinces in the north, groups of farmers rose up, took up arms, and attacked government offices in major citiess. Many government officials were executed. Agrarian has two meanings: It can mean pertaining to Agriculture It can also refer to the ideology of Agrarianism and Agrarian parties. ... Jeolla (Jeolla-do) was one of the eight provinces of Korea during the Joseon Dynasty. ... Chungcheong (Chungcheong-do) was one of the eight provinces of Korea during the Joseon Dynasty. ... Hamgyŏng (Hamgyŏng-do) was one of the Eight Provinces of Korea during the Joseon Dynasty. ... Pyŏngan (Pyŏngan-do) was one of the Eight Provinces of Korea during the Joseon Dynasty. ...

The Cheondogyo religion evolved in the early 1900s from the Donghak peasant liberation movements in the southern provinces of Korea. This article needs cleanup. ...

Origins

Donghak called for veneration of god "Haneullim" ("Lord of Heaven"), and holding the belief that man is not created by a supernatural God, but man is instead caused by an innate God. Koreans have believed in Haneullim from ancient times, so Donghak could be seen to be a truly Korean religion, unlike Buddhism or Christianity. Haneullim is the Lord of Heaven venerated in the Chondogyo religion. ... Buddhism is a dharmic, non-theistic religion and a philosophy. ... Christianity is a monotheistic[1] religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament. ...

Choe was alarmed by the intrusion of Christianity (Cheonjugyo), and the Anglo-French occupation of Beijing. He believed that the best way to counter foreign influence in Korea was to introduce democracy, establish human rights and create a paradise on earth independent of foreign interference. Human rights are rights which some hold to be inalienable and belonging to all humans. ...

Donghak was pure ideology, void of any organizational and tactical expertise. Choe believed in improvising as events occurred. He had no practical plans or visions of how one would go about establishing a paradise on earth, let alone what paradise meant except that all people were equal (and no Japanese) could exist in this paradise. Nevertheless, Choe's advocacy of democracy, human rights and nationalism struck a chord among the peasant guerrillas and Donghak spread across Korea rapidly. Progressive revolutionaries waded in and organized the peasants into a cohesive fighting unit.

Choe's songs were a mixture of traditional elements from Confucianism, Buddhism and Songyo (teachings of Silla's Hwarang), and to these he added modern humanistic ideas. Exclusionism was another characteristic of his religion, which incorporated an early form of nationalism and rejected alien thought. Silla (also spelled Shilla, traditional dates 57 BCE - 935 CE) was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. ... The Hwarang were an elite group of male youth in Silla, an ancient Korean kingdom that lasted until the 10th century. ... Humanism[1] is a broad category of ethical philosophies that affirm the dignity and worth of all people, based on the ability to determine right and wrong by appeal to universal human qualities—particularly rationalism. ...

The Donghak Peasant Revolution

Main article: Donghak Peasant Revolution It has been suggested that Donghak Rebellion be merged into this article or section. ...

In 1862, the peasants of San-nam and surrounding villages took up arms against the elite. They were brutally butchered by government troops. In subsequent years, peasants rose up in small groups all across Korea until 1892, when they were united into a single peasant guerilla army (Donghak Peasants Army). The peasants worked in the fields during the day, but during the night they armed themselves and raided government offices, and killed rich landlords, traders and foreigners. They confiscated their victims' properties and distributed the loots among the poor. 1862 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

The 1894 Peasant War saw the poor farmers rise up against the rich, corrupt, oppressive landlords and the ruling elite. The peasants demanded land distribution, tax reduction, democracy and human rights. Taxes were so high that most farmers were forced to sell their ancestral homesteads to rich landowners at bargain prices. Landlords got richer by selling rice to the Japanese and by buying poor peasants off their land. The rich sent their children to Japan to study and enjoyed things Japanese. It was in this context that the peasants developed intense anti-Japanese and anti-yangban sentiments. 1894 (MDCCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... The Yangban were a well educated scholarly class of male Confucian scholars who were part of the ruling elite within Korea prior to 1945 and the republics period of Korean history. ...

The peasants were not on their own. Progressive-minded yangbans, scholars and nationalists joined the Army. The Army was politically indoctrinated in Tonghak (Eastern Learning). On January 11, 1894, the first major battle of the Army erupted in Gobu. The rebellion was caused by Jo Byeong-gap, a Joseon government official in charge of Gobu. Jo Byeong-gap was believed tyrannical and corrupt and was accused of oppressing the peasants and extorting exorbidant taxation from his subjects. Joseon or Chosun (Korean: 조선; Hanja: 朝鮮; Revised: Joseon; McCune-Reischauer: Chosŏn; Chinese: Cháoxiǎn; Japanese: Chōsen) is a name for Korea, as used in the following cases: As part of the name of several ancient kingdoms (including Gojoseon, Gija Joseon, and Wiman Joseon); During most of the Joseon...

The Donghak rebels routed Jo's government forces and took over the county office, and handed out Jo's properties to the peasants. The rebels took weapons from the government soldiers and marched onto adjacent villages. The armed rebellion spread like a wildfire. The peasant army had few muskets and its arms were mainly bamboo spears and swords. The peasants wore bandanas on their heads and waistbands on their waists to identify themselves. The peasant army waved yellow flags with the characters "sustain the people and provide for the people" written. Jeon Bong-jun (全琫準 ) was the military commander. Jeon's father was killed for refusing to pay bribes.

The peasants raided the armory and killed the local officials and rich folks. The war went well for the peasants until March 13, 1894. On this day, the Army was crushed by the government troops led by Yi Yong-tae, who mercilessly butchered captured peasant guerrillas, burned villages, and confiscated peasants properties in Gobu. The news of Yi's scorched-earth policy quickly spread to other regions and angry peasants rose up all across the country. Thus began the Peasant War of 1894. March 13 is the 72nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (73rd in leap years). ... 1894 (MDCCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

The peasants' marching orders were:

• "Do not kill or take peasants' properties"
• "Protect peasants' rights"
• "Drive out the Japanese and purify our sacred land"
• "March to Seoul and clean out the government"

The Peasant Army defeated one government garrison after another and closed in on Seoul. The Seoul government asked Qing China for help. Qing was more than happy to send in its troops. However Imperial Japan sent soldiers into Korea without permission (This escalation and internationalization of the conflict ultimately resulted in the First Sino-Japanese War). Although many government troops joined their ranks, the peasant army was no match for the new forces with modern weapons and numerical superiority. The Army abandoned its march to Seoul. Seoul   is the capital of South Korea and is located on the Han River in the countrys northwest. ... The Qing Dynasty (Manchu: daicing gurun; Chinese: 清朝; pinyin: qīng cháo; Wade-Giles: ching chao), sometimes known as the Manchu Dynasty, was founded by the Manchu clan Aisin Gioro, in what is today northeast China expanded into China proper and the surrounding territories of... The ensign of Imperial Japanese Navy was a prominent symbol of Imperial Japan. ... Korea(Korean: 한국 or ì¡°ì„ , see below) is a geographic area, civilization, and former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. ... Combatants Qing Empire (China) Empire of Japan Commanders Li Hongzhang Yamagata Aritomo Strength 630,000 men Beiyang Army, Beiyang Fleet 240,000 men Imperial Japanese Army, Imperial Japanese Navy Casualties 35,000 dead or wounded 13,823 dead, 3,973 wounded The First Sino–Japanese War (Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Japanese...

Choe Je-u was captured and executed in March 1894 at Daegu. After Choe's death, Choe Si-hyeong took over as the leader of the Donghak movement. He went beyond the religion and appealed to the general peasant populace, who made up the majority of the Korean population. He offered the down-trodden farmers a way to better their lives which provided its followers a hope for eliminating the yangban class and foreign powers. Under the leadership of Choe Si-hyeong, Donghak became a legal political organization recognized as such by the government. The number of followers exceeded 20,000. In late June of 1894. pro-Japanese forces hatched a plan to wipe out the Peasant Army in collusion with the Japanese troops stationed in Incheon and Seoul. On October 16, the Peasant Army moved toward Gong-ju for the final battle. It was a trap. The Japanese and the pro-Japanese government troops were waiting for them. 1894 (MDCCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Daegu, also spelled Taegu, officially called Daegu Metropolitan City, is the 4th largest city in South Korea after Seoul, Busan, and Incheon. ... Incheon Metropolitan City is a metropolitan city and major seaport on the west coast of South Korea, near Seoul. ... Seoul   is the capital of South Korea and is located on the Han River in the countrys northwest. ... October 16 is the 289th day of the year (290th in leap years). ...

A Japanese scroll records the defeat of the Donghak Army in the Battle of Seoul. The Japanese had cannons and other modern weapons, whereas the Korean peasants were armed with bow-and-arrows, spears, swords, and some flintlock muskets.

The bitter battle started on October 22, 1894 and lasted till November 10, 1894. The poorly armed peasants stormed the well-entrenched enemies some 40 times but they were beaten back with heavy losses. The remnants fled to various bases. The triumphant Japanese and their lackeys pursued the Army and eventually wiped it out. Jeon Bong-jun, the Donghak commander, was captured in March 1895. 1895 (MDCCCXCV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

In 1898, following the execution of Choe Si-hyeong, the leader of Donghak Son Byeong-hui sought political asylum in Japan. After the Russo-Japanese War in 1904, he returned to Korea and established the Jinbohoe ("progressive society"), a new cultural and reformist movement designed to reverse the declining fortunes of the nation and to create a new society. Through Donghak he conducted a nationwide movement that aimed at social improvement through the renovation of old customs and ways of life. Hundreds of thousands of members of Donghak cut their long hair short and initiated the wearing of simple, modest clothing. Non-violent demonstrations for social improvement organised by members of Donghak took place throughout 1904. This coordinated series of activities was known as the Gapjin Reform Movement. Year 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Son Byong-hi (April 8, 1861 - May 19, 1922) was a Korean nationalist. ... Combatants Russian Empire Empire of Japan Commanders Emperor Nicholas II Aleksey Kuropatkin Stepan Makarov† Emperor Meiji Oyama Iwao Heihachiro Togo Strength 500,000 Soldiers 400,000 Soldiers Casualties 39,518 killed; 158,600 wounded; 74,000 POW [1]; unknown Chinese civilians 47,387 killed; 173,425 wounded； unknown Chinese civilians... 1904 (MCMIV) was a leap year starting on a Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1904 (MCMIV) was a leap year starting on a Friday (see link for calendar). ...

Kim Gu, a Donghak fighter

Kim Gu, one of the most prominent nationalist leaders, was a Tonghak military leader. He was born in 1876, the year the Treaty of Ganghwa was signed. He studied the Chinese classics at a seodang (a traditional village primary school). At 17, he applied for the Confucian civil service examination but failed. Kim Gu (김구 金九, August 29, 1876 – June 26, 1949), the sixth and last president of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea, was a Korean patriot who had struggled against the Japanese occupation of Korea that lasted from 1910 to 1945. ... 1876 (MDCCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... The Treaty of Ganghwa, also called Korea-Japanese Treaty of Amity, signed in 1876, was written by Kuroda Kiyotaka, Governor of Hokkaidō, and designed to open up Korea to Japanese trade. ... China has a wealth of classical literature, both poetry and prose, dating from the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (1122 BC _ 256 BC) and including the Chinese classics texts, or Chinese canonical texts. ... Seodang were private village schools providing elementary education during the Goryeo and Joseon dynasties of Korea. ...

In 1893, 18-year-old Kim Gu joined the Donghak movement and was appointed the district leader of Palbong. He commanded a Donghak army regiment in the 1894 Peasants War. His troops stormed the Haeju fort in Hwanghae-do. However, his army was defeated. General An Tae-hun (father of An Jung-geun the assassin of Ito Hirobumi) of the royal army gave Kim Gu's Donghak rebels a safe pass, but other government troops ignored An's safe pass and attacked them. Kim Gu managed to escape and went into hiding. Year 1893 (MDCCCXCIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Kim Gu (김구 金九, August 29, 1876 – June 26, 1949), the sixth and last president of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea, was a Korean patriot who had struggled against the Japanese occupation of Korea that lasted from 1910 to 1945. ... Haeju (Hanja: 海州) is a city in North Korea located in South Hwanghae Province near Haeju Bay. ... An Jung-geun as a Korean Soldier Ahn Jung-geun or An Jung-geun (September 2, 1879 - March 26, 1910) (Christian name: Thomas) was the Korean independence activist who is best known for assassination of the Japanese military governor of Korea, Ito Hirobumi, during Japanese colonial occupation of Korea. ... Born in Hagi, Yamaguchi, Prince Itō Hirobumi (伊藤 博文 Itō Hirobumi 16 October 1841–26 October 1909, also called Hirofumi/Hakubun and Shunsuke in his youth) was a Japanese politician and the countrys first Prime Minister (and the 5th, 7th and 10th). ...

In 1896, Kim Gu killed a Japanese general named Tsuchida, who was involved in the murder of the last Joseon Dynasty Queen Min. Kim was arrested and sentenced to death, but escaped and hid out as a Buddhist monk at Magoksa in Gongju near Pyeongyang. Year 1896 (MDCCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar). ... Territory of Joseon after Jurchen conquest of King Sejong Capital Hanseong Language(s) Korean Religion Confucianism Government Monarchy Wang  - 1392 - 1398 Taejo  - 1418 - 1450 Sejong  - 1776 - 1800 Jeongjo  - 1863 - 1897 Proclaimed Emperor Gojong Yeong-uijeong  - 1431 - 1449 Hwang Hui  - 1466 - 1472 Han Myeonghoe  - 1592 - 1598 Ryu Seongryong  - 1894 Kim Hongjip... Her Imperial Majesty Empress Myeongseong of Korea (1851–1895), more commonly known as Queen Min (閔妃), was the last empress of Korea. ... Magoksa is a head temple of the Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism. ... Gongju (Gongju-si) is a city in South Chungcheong province, South Korea. ... Pyŏngyang (Pyeongyang) is the capital city of North Korea, located in the northwest of the country, near the Taedong River. ...

The Righteous Army

The Righteous Army (uibyeong) was formed by Yu In-seok and other Confucian scholars during the Peasant Wars. Its ranks swelled after the Queen's murder by the Japanese troops and Korean traitors. Under the leadership of Min Jeong-sik, Choe Ik-hyeon and Sin Dol-seok, the Righteous Army attacked the Japanese army, Japanese merchants and pro-Japanese bureaucrats in the Gangwon, Chungcheong, Jeolla and Gyeongsang provinces. Gangwon (Gangwon-do) is a province of South Korea, with its capital at Chuncheon. ... Chungcheong (Chungcheong-do) was one of the eight provinces of Korea during the Joseon Dynasty. ... Jeolla (Jeolla-do) was one of the eight provinces of Korea during the Joseon Dynasty. ... Gyeongsang (Gyeongsang-do) was one of the eight provinces of Korea during the Joseon Dynasty. ...

Choe Ik-hyeon was captured by the Japanese and taken to Tsushima Island where he went on hunger strike and finally died as a martyr. Sin Dol-seok, an uneducated peasant commanded over 3,000 troops. Among the troops were former government soldiers, poor peasants, fishermen, tiger hunters, miners, merchants, and laborers. Tsushima Island (対馬 Tsushima) is an island in Japan, situated in the Tsushima Strait at 34°25N and 129°20E.[1] It is the largest island of the Nagasaki Prefecture. ... A hunger strike is a method of non-violent resistance in which participants fast as an act of political protest, or to provoke feelings of guilt or to achieve a goal such as a policy change. ...

In 1907, the Righteous Army under the command of Yi In-yong massed 10,000 troops to liberate Seoul and defeat the Japanese invaders. The Army came within 12 km of Seoul but could not withstand the Japanese counter-offensive. The Righteous Army was no match for two infantry divisions of 20,000 Japanese soldiers backed by warships moored near Inchon.

The Army retreated from Seoul and the war went on for two more years. Over 17,000 Righteous Army soldiers were killed and more than 37,000 were wounded in combats. Unable to figh the Japanese army head-on, the Righteous Army split into small bands of partisans to carry on the War of Liberation in China, Siberia and the Jangbaik Mountains in Korea. The Japanese troops first quashed the Peasant Army and then disbanded what remained of the government army. Many of the surviving guerrilla and anti-Japanese government troops fled to Manchuria and Siberia and carried on their fight. Look up partisan in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Siberian Federal District (darker red) and the broadest definition of Siberia (red) arctic northeast Siberia Udachnaya pipe Siberia (Russian: , Sibir; Tatar: ) is a vast region of Russia constituting almost all of Northern Asia and comprising a large part of the Euro-Asian Steppe. ...

Donghak becomes Cheondogyo

In 1905, Korean nationalists founded Cheondogyo based on the themes of Donghak teachings popular during the Peasant Wars. The nationalists wanted to stem, by peaceful means, the tide of pro-Japanese sentiments sweeping across Korea. During the waning days of the Joseon Dynasty, King Gojong himself embraced Cheondogyo and promoted it nationwide. The King added Buddhist and Christian rituals and codices to the new religion, which was organized into a formal organizational hierarchy similar to that of Cheonjugyo (Roman Catholicism) with Pope, Papal Nuncio, formal ceremonies, etc. 1905 (MCMV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar). ... Gojong (1852 - 1919) was the 26th king and 1st emperor of the Korean Joseon Dynasty. ...

Members of Donghak were severely persecuted by the colonial Japanese government, and so, on December 1, 1905, Son Byeong-hui decided to modernise the religion and usher in an era of openness and transparency in order to legitimise it in the eyes of the Japanese. As a result he officially changed the name of Donghak to Cheondogyo ("Heavenly Way"). In Korean history, the Period of Japanese Rule or Iljeong Sidae (일정시대; 日政時代; (Period of Japanese Rule) in Korean) describes the period from 1910 to 1945, when Korea (at that time called Chosun) was ruled by Japan. ... 1905 (MCMV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar). ...

Cheondogyo preaches that there is God and that He resides in each of us, not in Heaven as Christianity teaches. It strives to convert our earthly society into a paradise (Heaven) on Earth. It attempts to transform the believers into intelligent moral beings with high social consciousness. In this respect, it could be seen as a humanistic socialism.

Cheondogyo had about 1.13 million followers and 280 churches in South Korea in 2005 [1].

See also

• List of Korea-related topics
• Chondoist Chongu Party
• http://memory.loc.gov/frd/cs/korea_south/kr_glos.html
• Overview of CHONDOGYO

This is a list of Wikipedia articles on Korea-related people, places, things, and concepts. ... The neutrality of this article is disputed. ...

References

• This article incorporates text from Korea Web Weekly. Used with permission.

Korea Web Weekly is not an independent source of information but is instead associated with various North Korea government sources.