Choudhary Rehmat Ali
November 16, 1897––12 February 1951
Alternate name:	Choudhary Rehmat Ali
Place of birth:	Balachaur, Hoshiarpur, British India
Place of death:	Cambridge
Movement:	Pakistan Movement
Major organizations:	Pakistan Muslim League

Choudhary Rahmat Ali (Urdu: چودھری رحمت علی) (or Rehmat Ali Khan; Urdu: رحمت علی خان) (November 16, 1897 - February 12, 1951) was an Indian Muslim nationalist who was one of the earliest proponents of the creation of the state of Pakistan. He is credited with creating the name "Pakistan" for a separate Muslim homeland on the Indian subcontinent. November 16 is the 320th day of the year (321st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 45 days remaining. ... 1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... February 12 is the 43rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Balachaur is a town and a nagar panchayat in Nawanshahr district in the state of Punjab, India. ... Hoshiarpur is a town in Hoshiarpur District, Punjab, India. ... British India (otherwise known as The British Raj) was a historical period during which most of the Indian subcontinent, or present-day India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar, were under the colonial authority of the British Empire (Undivided India). ... This article is about Cambridge, England; see also other places called Cambridge. ... Pakistan Movement is a name given to the independence struggle carried out by the Muslims of British South Asia to create a separate homeland. ... Muhammed Ali Jinnah, the Great Leader of the Muslim League The All India Muslim League was a political party in British India and was the driving force behind the creation of Pakistan as a Muslim state from British India on the Indian subcontinent. ... (اردو), historically spelled Ordu, is an Indo-Aryan language of the Indo-Iranian branch, belonging to Indo-European family of languages. ... (اردو), historically spelled Ordu, is an Indo-Aryan language of the Indo-Iranian branch, belonging to Indo-European family of languages. ... November 16 is the 320th day of the year (321st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 45 days remaining. ... 1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... February 12 is the 43rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar. ... A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Turkish: Müslüman, Persian and Urdu: مسلمان, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of Islam. ... Satellite image of the Indian subcontinent Map of South Asia (see note) This article deals with the geophysical region in Asia. ...

Education and career

Rahmat Ali was born in the town of Balachaur in Hoshiarpur district of Punjab. After graduating from Islamia College Lahore in 1918, he taught at Aitchison College Lahore before continuing Law studies at Punjab University. In 1930 he moved to England to join Emmanuel College, Cambridge in 1931. In 1933, he published a pamphlet, Now or Never, coining the word Pakistan for the first time. Subsequently, he obtained a BA degree in 1933 and MA in 1940 from University of Cambridge. In 1943, he was called to the Bar, Middle Temple Inn, London. Until 1947 he continued publishing various booklets about his vision of the subcontinent. The partition process proved too disillusionary for him due to the mass killings and movements. He was also dissatisfied with the distribution of areas among the two countries and considered it a major reason for disturbances. He died on 3 February 1951 and was buried on 20 February at Newmarket Road Cemetery, Cambridge, UK. Balachaur is a town and a nagar panchayat in Nawanshahr district in the state of Punjab, India. ... Hoshiarpur is a town in Hoshiarpur District, Punjab, India. ... Look up Punjab in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link is to a full 1930 calendar). ... Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: God Save the King/Queen Capital London (de facto) Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Unification    - by Athelstan AD 927  Area    - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK)   50,346 sq mi  Population    - 2006 est. ... Full name Emmanuel College Motto - Named after Immanuel Previous names - Established 1584 Sister College(s) Exeter College Master The Lord Wilson of Dinton Location St Andrews Street Undergraduates 494 Postgraduates 98 Homepage Boatclub Emmanuel front court and the Wren chapel Emmanuel College is a constituent college of the University... 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1931 calendar). ... Year 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ... Bachelor of Arts (B.A., BA or A.B.), from the Latin Artium Baccalaureus is an undergraduate bachelors degree awarded for either a course or a program in the liberal arts or the sciences, or both. ... A Master of Arts is a postgraduate academic masters degree awarded by universities in North America and the United Kingdom (excluding the ancient universities of Scotland and Oxbridge. ... 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1940 calendar). ... The University of Cambridge (usually abbreviated as Cantab. ... 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1943 calendar). ... Part of Middle Temple c. ... 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1947 calendar). ... Britains holdings on the Indian subcontinent were granted independence in 1947 and 1948, becoming four new independent states: India, Burma (now Myanmar), Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), and Pakistan (including East Pakistan, modern-day Bangladesh). ... February 3 is the 34th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar. ... February 20 is the 51st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Geography Status City (1951) Region East of England Admin. ...

Conception of 'Pakistan'

There are several accounts to the conceptualising of the name. According to a friend (Abdul Kareem Jabbar) the name came up when Rehmat Ali was walking along the banks of the Thames in 1932 with his friends Pir Ahsan-ud-Din and Khawja Abdul Rahim. According to Rehmat Ali's secretary Miss Frost, he came up with the idea of the name ‘Pakistan’ while riding on the top of a London bus^[1].

The front page of Now or Never pamphlet

In the early 1930s, Ali began writing about the formation of a Muslim nation in India. On January 28, 1933, he voiced his ideas in the pamphlet entitled "Now or Never; Are we to live or perish forever?"^[2]. The word 'Pakstan' referred to "the five Northern units of India, Viz: Punjab, North-West Frontier Province (Afghan Province), Kashmir, Sind and Baluchistan"^[2]. By the end of 1933, 'Pakistan' become common vocabulary where an I was added to ease pronouncement (as in Afghan-i-stan).^[3] In a subsequent book Rehmat Ali discussed the etymology in further detail.^[4] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The 1930s (years from 1930–1939) were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles, as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression, also known in Europe as the World Depression. ...

'Pakistan' is both a Persian and an Urdu word. It is composed of letters taken from the names of all our homelands- 'Indian' and 'Asian'. That is, Panjab, Afghania (North West Frontier Province), Kashmir, Iran, Sindh (including Kach and Kathiawar), Tukharistan, Afghanistan, and Balochistan. It means the land of the Paks- the spiritually pure and clean. It symbolizes the religious beliefs and ethnical stocks of our people; and it stands for all the territorial constituents of our original Fatherland. It has no other origin and no other meaning; and it does not admit of any other interpretation. Those writers who have tried to interpret it in more than way have done so either through the love of casuistry, or through ignorance of its inspiration, origin and composition.

In the years preceding the end of direct colonial rule in South Asia, CHOUDHARY RAHMAT ALI KHAN was virtually alone in proposing a future for the region and its people, based on historical facts and Islamic principles as opposed to imperial and nationalistic views. Ch. Rahamat Ali argued that since South Asia came under colonial rule many distortion, lies and myths have been perpetrated about what is called `India'. The main falsehoods are: It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Colony. ... This article is about the geopolitical region in Asia. ... Islam (Arabic: ; ( ▶ (help· info)), the submission to God) is a monotheistic faith, one of the Abrahamic religions and the worlds second-largest religion. ... Imperial is a term that is used to describe something that relates to an Empire, Emperor, or the concept of Imperialism. ... Nationalism is an ideology that creates and sustains a nation as a concept of a common identity for groups of humans. ... This article is about the geopolitical region in Asia. ...

1. India has existed from the beginning of time as a UNITARY state. NOT TRUE - it only became a unitary state directly under the British Empire. Prior to British rule, no-one ever had full control of the Continent - not even Alexander of Macedonia, nor the Muslims including the Afghans and Mughals, etc. This is confirmed by the Eleventh Edition of Encyclopedia Britannica (Volume 14) (HUS to ITA) (page 375) which states "the natives of (British) India can scarcely be said to have a word of their own by which to express their `common' country." Thus, 'India' became the arbitrary name of the British Empire in South Asia. In any case readers should consult maps showing Borders of all empires between the Arabian Peninsula and `India' from 1500BC onwards. Words can be written to mislead but rarely maps. A map showing the unitary states. ... The British Empire in 1897, marked in pink, the traditional colour for Imperial British dominions on maps. ... Color-coded regions of the world based on the seven commonly reckoned continents Dymaxion map by Buckminster Fuller shows land masses with minimal distortion as nearly one continuous continent A continent is one of several large landmasses on Earth. ... Alexander the Great (Greek: ),[1] Megas Alexandros; July 356 BC–June 11, 323 BC), also known as Alexander III, king of Macedon (336–323 BC), was one of, if not the most successful military commanders in history, conquering most of the known world before his death; he is regarded as... A Muslim is a believer in or follower of Islam. ... The Mughal Empire (alternative spelling Mogul, which is the origin of the word Mogul) of India was founded by Babur in 1526, when he defeated Ibrahim Lodi, the last of the Delhi Sultans at the First Battle of Panipat. ... 1913 advertisement for the 11th edition, with the slogan When in doubt — look it up in the Encyclopædia Britannica The Encyclopædia Britannica (properly spelled with æ, the ae-ligature) was first published in 1768–1771 as The Britannica was an important early English-language general encyclopedia and is still... The term native as an adjective or noun has the following meanings. ... The British Empire in 1897, marked in pink, the traditional colour for Imperial British dominions on maps. ... This article is about the geopolitical region in Asia. ... Empires is currently a Half-Life 2 modification that saw its first public release for the HL2 source engine on March 4, 2006. ... The Arabian Peninsula The Arabian Peninsula (in Arabic: شبه الجزيرة العربية, or جزيرة العرب) is a peninsula in Southwest Asia at the junction of Africa and Asia consisting mainly of desert. ...

2. India is a country or a subcontinent. NOT TRUE - both geographically and historically, India (Dinia to be more accurate) is a CONTINENT having seas and mountains that are more stupendous than those of other continents and consisting of nations, tribes, civilisations, languages more diverse than even the continent of Europe. In political geography and international politics a country is a geographical entity, a territory, most commonly associated with the notions of state or nation. ... Map of South Asia (see note on Kashmir) A subcontinent is a large part of a continent. ... Physical map of the Earth (Medium) (Large 2 MB) Geography is the scientific study of the locational and spatial variation in both physical and human phenomena on Earth. ... History is often used as a generic term for information about the past, such as in geologic history of the Earth. When used as the name of a field of study, history refers to the study and interpretation of the record of human societies. ... A nation is an imagined community of people created by a national ideology, to which certain norms and behavior are usually attributed. ... This article is on the social structure. ... For other uses, see Civilization (disambiguation). ... This article is 150 kilobytes or more in size. ...

3. Pakistan was a territory carved OUT of India. NOT TRUE - most of present day Pakistan did not even form part of 'India' until Britain seized the territory and made it an administrative region of their British Indian Empire. In doing so, they 'Indianised' the Muslim population, making them a MINORITY of the British Indian Raj. Moreover, much of Northern and Central Dinia were dependencies of the Islamic Pak Nation - that is the Muslim territory that was once the UNDIVIDED EASTERN FLANK to the heartland of Islam which included Iran, Afghanistan and Central Asia. The British Raj is an informal term for the period of British rule of most of the Indian subcontinent, or present-day India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka (previously known as Ceylon). ... Dependency has a number of meanings: In project management, a dependency is a link amongst a projects terminal elements. ... Map of Central Asia showing three sets of possible boundaries for the region Central Asia located as a region of the world Central Asia is a vast landlocked region of Asia. ...

4. The events of 1947 are described as 'Partition'. NOT TRUE - the original aim was INDEPENDENCE from Imperialism, Indianism, Indian Federation and Hindu Nationalism and reversion to the original Fatherland and Federation with ancestral homelands from where Islam first came into India/present-day Pakstan, that is, from the west; the Arabian peninsula, through to: Iran, Afghanistan and Central Asia and Pakistan, and not from Bharat or Hindustan. 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1947 calendar). ... // Cecil Rhodes: Cape-Cairo railway project. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Hindu nationalism is a nationalist ideology that sees the modern state of the Republic of India as a Hindu nation, and seeks to preserve the Hindu heritage. ... Islam (Arabic:  ) is a monotheistic religion based upon the teachings of Muhammad, a 7th century Arab religious and political figure. ... The Indus (सिन्‍धु नदी) (known as Sindhu in ancient times) is the principal river of Pakistan. ... The Arabian Peninsula The Arabian Peninsula (in Arabic: شبه الجزيرة العربية, or جزيرة العرب) is a peninsula in Southwest Asia at the junction of Africa and Asia consisting mainly of desert. ... Map of Central Asia showing three sets of possible boundaries for the region Central Asia located as a region of the world Central Asia is a vast landlocked region of Asia. ... ... Hindustan (Hindi: हिन्दुस्तान [Hindustān], Urdu: [Hindostān], from the (Sanskrit) HindÅ« + -stān, archaic Hindoostan) and the adjective Hindustani may relate to various aspects of four geographic areas: Hindustan: Land of the Hindus. ...

5. Muslims were a minority in India. NOT TRUE - for over a thousand years, Muslims from the Pak Empire [that includes Iran, Afghanistan, Central Asia and present day Pakistan had ruled parts of the Continent of India. Those areas in 'India' that came under Muslim control were considered as Dependencies of the Pak Empire. A comparable example is the Ottoman Empire - where the Turk Nation is Turkey and its dependencies were Yugoslavia, Romania, Greece, etc. Similarly, the British Empire no longer exists but the British Nation still does. EMPIRES are short-lived but not NATIONS! A Muslim is a believer in or follower of Islam. ... Map of Central Asia showing three sets of possible boundaries for the region Central Asia located as a region of the world Central Asia is a vast landlocked region of Asia. ... Motto: دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem: Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1680, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299-1326) Bursa (1326-1365) Edirne (1365-1453) Constantinople (Istanbul) (1453-1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy Sultans  - 1281–1326 Osman I  - 1918–1922 Mehmed VI... Yugoslavia (Jugoslavija in Latin, Југославија in Cyrillic, English: Land of the South Slavs) describes four political entities that existed one at a time on the Balkan Peninsula in Europe, during most of the 20th century. ... The British Empire in 1897, marked in pink, the traditional colour for Imperial British dominions on maps. ...

It should now be apparent that the history of South Asia has been told from an INDIAN bias by the former colonial power, and not from the Pak or Islamic perspective (see how Islam progressed from the Arabian Peninsula eastwards and the Islamic homelands that were built on the eastern flank of the heartland of Islam). The Arabian Peninsula The Arabian Peninsula (in Arabic: شبه الجزيرة العربية, or جزيرة العرب) is a peninsula in Southwest Asia at the junction of Africa and Asia consisting mainly of desert. ...

Ch. Rahmat Ali saw the dangers of these falsehoods to the Muslims of South Asia and surrounding territory and to address these dangers, he developed the name and concept of P.A.K.I.S.T.A.N. (not to be confused with the present day entity which he called Pastan).

In 1933, he published a 392-page book called `P.A.K.I.S.T.A.N., THE FATHERLAND OF PAK NATION', in which he proposed an Islamic federation of all contiguous Islamic territory that lay on the eastern flank of the heartland of Islam. Year 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday. ...

On pages 223-224, he provided a detailed explanation for the name:

P - an undivided Punjab. C.R. Ali asked for territory proportionate to the Muslim population.

A - Afghania. The real name of the North West Frontier Province (NWFP) is Afghania. NWFP is a gross distortion because it is the British designation for the North western region of their Indian empire that no longer exists. Also, NWFP is not a Frontier as far as the indigenous population, the Pashtoons are concerned. How an earth can one have a frontier between the same people with one-half living in Afghanistan and the other half in Afghania ?

K - Kashmir (as a whole state) Kashmir (or Cashmere) may refer to: Kashmir region, the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent India, Kashmir conflict, the territorial dispute between India, Pakistan, and the China over the Kashmir region. ...

I - Iran. When Alexander of Macdeonia attacked the Persian Empire, he invaded up to the area of what is today Pakistan, because in ancient times, Pakistan was part of Ancient Persia. He did not attack India proper because he was not at war with India - only Persia! Until 100 years ago, Farsi was the language of the educated. Many poems by poet-philosopher, Mohammad Iqbal are in Farsi, also the letter I stands for the federally national capital city of Pakistan: Islamabad which derived from Islam the state or National Religion of Pakistan, also very importantly the Pakistan Region historically was called India or Indosycthia and not the now Bharat which is called the so-called Republic of ‘India’. The Persian Empire was a series of historical empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the old Persian homeland, and beyond in Western Asia, Central Asia and the Caucasus. ... Persia is the historical and alternative name for the state of Iran in the European languages. ... Farsi may refer to: The name of the the Persian language among native speakers Farsi Island, an Iranian island in the Persian Gulf The Jafari Shia Tajiks of Central Asia Salman al-Farsi, one of the prophet Muhammads companions Al-Farisi (1260-1320), Persian mathematician and physicist Jalaleddin Farsi... A philosopher is a person who thinks deeply regarding people, society, the world, and/or the universe. ... Allama Dr. Sir Muhammad Iqbal Allama Dr. Sir Muhammad Iqbal (November 9, 1877-April 21, 1938) was an important Indian Muslim poet from the colonial era, a philosopher and thinker of Kashmiri origin. ... Farsi may refer to: The name of the the Persian language among native speakers Farsi Island, an Iranian island in the Persian Gulf The Jafari Shia Tajiks of Central Asia Salman al-Farsi, one of the prophet Muhammads companions Al-Farisi (1260-1320), Persian mathematician and physicist Jalaleddin Farsi... Islamabad (Urdu: اسلام آباد, abode of Islam), is the capital city of Pakistan, and is located in the Potohar Plateau in the northwest of the country. ...

S – Sindh (Hyderabad) Sindh (SindhÄ«: سنڌ, UrdÅ«: سندھ) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and is home to the Sindhis, and Muhajirs and various other groups. ... Hyderabad may refer to: Hyderabad, the independent state Hyderabad State, the pre-1956 state India Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, the capital city of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh Hyderabad district (India) Begumpet Airport, also known as Hyderabad Airport Hyderabad Central, a huge shopping mall in Hyderabad Hyderabad, Uttar Pradesh, a...

T - Tukharistan. This name is not used anymore but the area exists as Turkmenistan and parts of the other contiguous Central Asian states. Tokharistan is a name which was given to Bactria, following its settlement by various Central Asian people in the 2nd century BCE. The first literary mentions of Tokharistan appear at the end of the 4th century CE in Chinese Buddhist sources (the Vibhasa-sastra). ...

A – Afghanistan (Kabul) For other places with the same name, see Kabul (disambiguation). ...

N - BalochistaN - the other half of Balochistan is in south-east Iran! Balochistan makes up 44% of the landmass of today's Pakistan (Pastan) Balochistan or Baluchistan may refer to: Balochistan (region) is the name of a large region covering southwest Pakistan and southeast Iran Balochistan (Iran) is part of the Iranian Sistan and Baluchistan Province Balochistan (Pakistan) is the name of a province of Pakistan. ...

More than half of present day Pakistan (Pastan), in particular Afghania, Balochistan, Rojhan in Sindh and Dera Ismail and Dera Ghazi Khan in Punjab were hardly ever part of India until the British seized the territory and incorporated it as part of the expanded British Indian Raj. Those Paks living in Afghania and Balochistan e.g. Pashtoons, Balochs, Farsi speakers, etc have never regarded themselves as 'Indian', though they may have been unwilling subjects of the Crown Colony of British India. note: East Bengal territory is not mentioned but referred as BANG-I-ISLAM. C.R.Ali also formulated demands for Muslim states in the Continent of Dinia (India's true name), namely Usmanistan in Hyderabad Deccan and Maplistan in South India to avoid massive population transfers (read 'ethnic cleansing' and brutal rapes and killings in the name of religion). He advocated that Bangladesh should be a separate Muslim state called Bangistan. These Muslim states would then form a Pak Commonwealth of Nations. He even called for the Sikhs to have their own separate country called Sikhia in 1942 i.e. the Continent of Dinia should be a continent of different nations and faiths, NOT a single country dominated by Hinduism and Indianism which had already dominated all the countries of South Asia and defeated the efforts of their peoples to improve their lot (see oppressive caste system - ancient aparthied, sheer scale of poverty of the masses, etc). North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) is geographically the smallest of the four provinces of Pakistan. ... Balochistan or Baluchistan may refer to: Balochistan (region) is the name of a large region covering southwest Pakistan and southeast Iran Balochistan (Iran) is part of the Iranian Sistan and Baluchistan Province Balochistan (Pakistan) is the name of a province of Pakistan. ... Rojhan is a city and the headquarters of Rojhan tehsil of Rajanpur district in the extreme southwest of Punjab Province, Pakistan. ... Sindh (Sindhī: سنڌ, Urdū: سندھ) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and is home to the Sindhis, and Muhajirs and various other groups. ... Dera Ghazi Khan (Urdu: ڈیرہ غازی خان ) is located in Dera Ghazi Khan District, Punjab, Pakistan. ... North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) is geographically the smallest of the four provinces of Pakistan. ... Balochistan or Baluchistan may refer to: Balochistan (region) is the name of a large region covering southwest Pakistan and southeast Iran Balochistan (Iran) is part of the Iranian Sistan and Baluchistan Province Balochistan (Pakistan) is the name of a province of Pakistan. ... Languages Pashto (plus second languages from countries of residence) Religions Islam (predominantly Sunni) Related ethnic groups Neighboring Iranian peoples (Tajiks, Persians, Baloch, Pamiri peoples) Burusho Hindkowans Nuristanis Pashai Pashtuns[9] (also Pathans[10] or ethnic Afghans[11][12]) are an ethno-linguistic group with populations primarily in eastern and southern... Farsi may refer to: The name of the the Persian language among native speakers Farsi Island, an Iranian island in the Persian Gulf The Jafari Shia Tajiks of Central Asia Salman al-Farsi, one of the prophet Muhammads companions Al-Farisi (1260-1320), Persian mathematician and physicist Jalaleddin Farsi... A United Kingdom overseas territory (formerly known as a dependent territory or earlier as a crown colony) is a territory that is under the sovereignty and formal control of the United Kingdom but is not part of the United Kingdom proper (Great Britain and Northern Ireland). ... East Bengal was the name used during two periods in the 20th century for a territory that roughly included the modern state of Bangladesh. ... Flag of the State of Hyderabad. ... South India is a linguistic-cultural region of India that comprises the four Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu and the Union Territory of Pondicherry, whose inhabitants are collectively referred to as South Indians. ...

C.R.Ali wanted freedom for the five Muslim `Indian' homelands in North West India, namely Punjab, Afghania, Kashmir, Sindh and BalochistaN from British colonial rule, followed by their re-integration with the three Muslim `Asian' homelands of Afghanistan, Iran and Tukharistan.

P.A.K.I.S.T.A.N. was to form the eastern flank to the heartland of Islam, as it had been before it was broken up through infighting by the Mughals, Safavids and Afghans; and then by the colonial legacy of the McMahon, Durand and Goldsmid Borders. C.R.Ali maintained that without this Family Re-union, our `Asian' and `Indian' homelands would not survive and thrive.

C.R. Ali was controversial because of his Islamic beliefs, being described as a dreamer, a Pan-Islamist visionary and an idealist. Such propaganda is nothing new and is today widely used by the forces of Kufr and Jahiliyya against Muslims. For instance, when C.R.Ali joined the editorial staff of the `Kashmiri Gazette', he wrote an article entitled: `The Blind Imitation of the West'. The newspaper soon got into trouble and C.R.Ali was forced to quit his job.

C.R. Ali opposed those Muslim leaders who advocated a Federation with India, claiming that they were looking at events like a cow looking at a passing train. He argued that Muslims should federate with Muslims of neighbouring Muslim States. A Federation with the Hindoos would subjugate the Muslims and reduce them to the position of `hewers of wood and drawers of water' for the British and their allies, notwithstanding that the Muslim population in the region accounted for more than one-tenth of the entire Muslim world, and the homelands constituted a vast area.

Thus, in 1915, when only 18 years old, he formed Bazm-e-Shibli in Islamia College, Lahore where at his inaugural address he declared: `North of India is Muslim, we will keep it Muslim and make it a Muslim State. But this we can do only if and when we and our North cease to be Indian. So sooner we shed Indianism the better for us and for Islam...We, Muslims would very much rather see the separation of the Hindoos and Muslims...Friends! If my views are unacceptable to you, we had better part...You work for your Indian Revolution but I will work for my ISLAMIC Revolution. At the end, we shall see who creates the most dynamic and creative revolution.' 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar). ...

In 1931, C.R.Ali went to Cambridge University to study Law where he came up with the detailed concept and ideology for P.A.K.I.S.T.A.N. However, the 'disease' that led to so many Muslim lands to fall easy prey to colonial rule also saw C.R.Ali's ideas, writings, the name P.A.K.I.S.T.A.N., etc being plagiarised and without acknowledgment, by careerist leaders. C.R.Ali described careerism as: "subordinating and sacrificing the good of Islam and the Nation, for personal gain. Careerism has been a calamity that has ruined us as a people, wrecked us as a power, and frustrated us. It was the root cause of our military defeat in 1757 [defeat of Mughal Viceroy by Britain in the Battle of Plassey]; of our Milli (national) downfall in 1857 [Great War of Independence / Indian Mutinty], of our Milli demoralisation after 1857; and finally, of our Milli disintegration in 1947 [moth-eaten creation of Pakistan / Pastan]".

C.R.Ali returned to Pakistan after its formation on April 6 1948 but was treated like a common criminal. He was persecuted, tortured and expelled back to England on October 1, 1948 on Government orders. His money was frozen and he was not allowed to transfer it to England. His writings were proscribed.

None spoke on his behalf. None came to sympathize with him. In 1951, he died a very broken and sad man having witnessed the disastrous path that Muslim leaders of South Asia were taking. He died in exile, in poverty and alone. When news of his death reached Pakistan in 1951 there were no obituary notices, no messages of condolence, no public statements of mourning, no homage to the deceased, not even a meeting to pray for his soul. Alien hands tended him during his last breathing hours. Alien hands paid his last fees and arranged his last rites. Alien hands buried him in an alien land amid men and women of alien faith and nationality. The Pakistan High Commissioner in London in 1951 refused to send a representative to his funeral or pay its costs

C.R.Ali fought and died for an Islamic State in exile. To this very day, elected governments and military rulers have prevented the return of the remains of C.R.Ali to Pakistan where he deserves to be given due Islamic burial and recognition by his country. The injustice done to him is appalling.

Even though nearly 50 years have passed since his death, his writings about the dangers facing Muslims are as relevant today as they were then (truth always stand clear from error even over the passage of time). For instance, Ch.Rahmat Ali called for an Islamic Renaissance and in one pamphlet, he wrote:

"Our greatest asset and opportunity is our Faith, which has created what we possess; it has made us what we are. That is, the emancipators of hundreds of millions of human beings. Islam has worked miracles for us in the past, and it can and will do the same for us now and always, if only we let it do so.

Such is the promise of Islam. Yet such is our perversion that we are simply not following Islam. We are ignoring it in every sphere of life - individual, national, moral and material. Not only that, we are turning to alien, `Western' cults instead. That is, to cults that have already poisoned the source of our life, undermined the basis of our beliefs, and weakened the bonds uniting our Fraternity; and that means to detach us from Islam and attach us to `Westernism' and thereby finish Islam which, owing to its values and verities, is their most serious rival for the allegiance of mankind.

It is clear that our neglect of Islam for other cults is a form of apostasy. Indeed it is an act of enmity against Islam. For remember, nothing so degrades and destroys a religion as its neglect by its own followers. It is just that neglect which has killed most of the old creeds and faiths of mankind. That is how by our failure to follow Islam we are acting as its enemies and frustrating its whole mission in the world.

It is imperative therefore, that, if we want to live as Muslims, save our heritage, reunite with our Pak brethren in Afghanistan, Central Asia and Iran, and see Islam flourish in the world, we must change. We must shun alien cults; we must revert to Islam. In other words, we must follow its code in thought, in word, and in action."

Philosophy

Like Allama Iqbal, Ali believed that the Muslims of India had to undergo a reformation politically in order to remain a viable, and independent community there. Ali noted that Muhammad had succeeded in uniting fractured Arab tribes and that this example was to again be used by Muslims of India to pool together in order to survive in what he perceived to be an increasingly hostile India. Allama Dr. Sir Muhammad Iqbal Allama Dr. Sir Muhammad Iqbal (November 9, 1877-April 21, 1938) was an important Indian Muslim poet from the colonial era, a philosopher and thinker of Kashmiri origin. ... For other persons named Muhammad, see Muhammad (name). ...

As such, Choudhary Rahmat Ali's writings, in addition to those of Iqbal and others were major catalysts for the formation of Pakistan. He oferred "Bang-i-Islam" for a Muslim homeland in the Bengal, and "Usmanistan" for a Muslim homeland in the Deccan. He also suggested "Dinia" as a name for a subcontinent for various religions^[5]. Bengal, known as Bôngo (Bengali: বঙ্গ), Bangla (বাংলা), Bôngodesh (বঙ্গদেশ), or Bangladesh (বাংলাদেশ) in the Bengali language, is a region in the northeast of South Asia. ... A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Turkish: Müslüman, Persian and Urdu: مسلمان, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of Islam. ... The Deccan Plateau is a vast plateau in India, encompassing most of Central and Southern India. ...

Ali dedicated a lot of time and energy to the idea of Pakistan, and after its formation in 1947, he argued on its behalf at the United Nations over the issue of Kashmir. 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1947 calendar). ... The foundation of the U.N. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. ... Kashmir (or Cashmere) may refer to: Kashmir region, the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent India, Kashmir conflict, the territorial dispute between India, Pakistan, and the China over the Kashmir region. ...

Idealogy

NATIONS OF DINIA! IT is time to realize that we, the non-Indian nations, who comprise the Muslims, Dravidians, Akhoots (Untouchables), Christians, Sikhs, Jews, Buddhists, Jains, and Parsis, are, and ever have been, the victims of "The Myth of Indianism". That is the Myth which teaches that India is the country of "India," i.e., the exclusive domain of Caste Hinduism and Caste Hindus and which has been built up by the Caste Hindus, buttressed by the British and, thanks to our own folly, believed by the world. A nation is an imagined community of people created by a national ideology, to which certain norms and behavior are usually attributed. ... A Muslim is a believer in or follower of Islam. ... Dravidian may refer to: in the spiritualistic interpretations: the people who are the drav i. ... Untouchable may refer to any of the following: Formerly or derogatively, to the large Dalit (outcaste) populations of India and Nepal. ... This article is about the religous people known as Christians. ... A Sikh man wearing a turban The adherents of Sikhism are called Sikhs. ... Statues of Buddha such as this, the Tian Tan Buddha statue in Hong Kong, remind followers to practice right living. ... The hand with a wheel on the palm symbolizes the Jain Vow of Ahinsa, meaning non-injury and nonviolence. ... a person from Pars (the middle-Persian word for Fars), a region now within the geographical boundaries of Iran, and is roughly the original homeland of the Persian people. ... Look up Myth in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Caste systems are traditional, hereditary systems of social stratification, enforced by law or common practice, based on classifications such as occupation, race, ethnicity, etc. ... This article is about the Hindu religion; for other meanings of the word, see Hindu (disambiguation). ...

Past Record of the Myth False in its origin and foul in its teachings, this Myth, from its very beginning, has wrought havoc and ruin to the cause of human freedom in the world ESPECIALLY in the regions of Palestine, Kashmir, Khalistan, Chechnya & Daghestan, Tatarstan, Turkestan and others throughout the most of the continents of the Americas, Australasia, India, Asia, Africa, and Europe. Throughout the ages it has compromised the status of Asia, distorted the history of Dinia, and degraded our peoples who have had the misfortune to live and to die in its sphere of domination. Indeed, such is its evil spirit that, though left stripped of excuse for its mischievous activity since 711 AD, yet, throughout the last thirteen centuries of its vogue, it has mentally enslaved and socially enchained, nationally minoritized and territorially disinherited us all. Not only that. It has frustrated our spiritual missions and perverted our civilisations, caged us in India and made India herself a country of doom for all the Indian as well as the non-Indian nations. The Holy Land or Palestine Showing not only the Old Kingdoms of Judea and Israel but also the 12 Tribes Distinctly, and Confirming Even the Diversity of the Locations of their Ancient Positions and Doing So as the Holy Scriptures Indicate, a geographic map from the studio of Tobiae Conradi... Kashmir (or Cashmere) may refer to: Kashmir region, the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent India, Kashmir conflict, the territorial dispute between India, Pakistan, and the China over the Kashmir region. ... Punjab State A proposed flag for Khalistan This is about the proposed nation-state, see Khalistan movement for a detailed article on the attempted creation of this state Khālistān (Punjabi: ), meaning The Land of the Pure, was the name given to a proposed nation-state by self appointed... Chechen Republic (IPA: ; Russian: , Chechenskaya Respublika; Chechen: , Noxçiyn Respublika), or, informally, Chechnya (; Russian: ; Chechen: , Noxçiyçö), sometimes referred to as Ichkeria, Chechnia, Chechenia or Nokhchiyn, is a federal subject of Russia (a republic). ... The Republic of Dagestan (Russian: Респу́блика Дагеста́н) is a federal subject of the Russian Federation (a republic). ... The Republic of Tatarstan (Russian: ; Tatar: ) is a federal subject of Russia (a republic). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... World map showing the Americas CIA map of the Americas The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World consisting of the continents of North America[1] and South America with their associated islands and regions. ... Australasia Australasia is a term variably used to describe a region of Oceania: Australia, New Zealand, and neighbouring islands in the Pacific Ocean. ... World map showing the location of Asia. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa. ... This article is 150 kilobytes or more in size. ... World map showing the location of Asia. ... See also: phone number 711. ... For other uses, see Civilization (disambiguation). ...

Present Role of the Myth Nor has it stopped there. On the contrary, thanks to its priests and parasites, it has remained as active as ever and is now busily engaged in sabotaging the revival and recognition of us all as nations. That is the cynical role which it is playing at present through its first believers, the Caste Hindoos, and its latest beneficiaries, the British Imperialists, who, in spite of their other differences, are co-operating with one another to canonize it anew and to preach its fatal cult with a view to perpetuating its strangle-hold on us all in the Continent of Dinia.

Why are they doing that? The Caste Hindus, who are more numerous than all our nations combined, are doing it because to them the existence of the Myth gives an opportunity first of keeping us mixed with themselves, then of disintegrating us as nations, and finally of absorbing us into their Indian nation. The British are doing it because to them, as an imperial power, the existence of the Myth gives an opportunity first of keeping us and the Caste Hindoos intermingled, then of exploiting our conflict, resulting from that intermingling, to strengthen their hold on India, and finally of justifying before the world, by citing the record of that conflict, their imperial rule over all the nations in India. So it is to maintain their respective positions of sub-lordship and overlordship that both the Caste Hindus and the British Imperialists are hymning the Myth and hypnotising us - the non-Indian nations -into accepting its teachings and, thereby, committing national self-immolation and submitting to the Indo-British Condominium. To rationalize - and to realize - their aims, they are using two main arguments. First that the unity of " the country of India " is too natural to permit of its partition into separate homelands for all the Indian and the non-Indian nations. Secondly, that the constitutional principle of ' one country, one nation " is so decisive as to reduce even our hundred and ten million Muslims, sixty million Akhoots, forty million Dravidians, seven million Christians, and six million Sikhs - to the position of mere sub-nations and satellites of the Indian nation, and thereby to disqualify each and every one of us from claiming the status of distinct sovereign nations in our own homelands, i.e., the areas to which we are individually entitled in proportion to our populations in the so-called "country of India". It is obvious that both these arguments are pure cant and casuistry. For the assumption of the unity of the so-called "country of India" is contradicted by the facts of its geography and history; and the application to its case of the constitutional principle of "one country, one nation is disputed by all the canons of International Law. Dravidian may refer to: in the spiritualistic interpretations: the people who are the drav i. ... This article is about the religous people known as Christians. ... A Sikh man wearing a turban The adherents of Sikhism are called Sikhs. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...

Might with Method The truth is that, in their heart of hearts, both the British Imperialists and the Caste Hindus know this. Yet, in utter disregard of that knowledge, they assume the unity of India, invoke the principle of "one country, one nation", and enforce both-the mythical unity and the constitutional principle.

What does all this mean? It means might with method; in other words, a firm stand by the Anglo Hindoo Entente for their own present and future purposes and a final warning to us, the non-Indian nations, that, in the name of the Myth, they won't let us be sovereign nations in separate homelands in the Continent of Dinia, but will hold us down as the sub-nations and satellites of the Indian nation in "the country of India".

Our Choice: Myth-destruction or Self-destruction False but final, that is their position. What is ours? It can' only be summed up as a choice between life and death that is to say, between Myth-destruction and Self-destruction. For it is sun-clear that if we do not destroy the Myth, the Myth will certainly destroy us. It is, therefore, time for us all to realize the fatefulness of our position, and, in that realization, make our choice. As we do that, we must remember that, for each one of us, everything is at stake and that, to save everything, this is our last and our best opportunity. For now, as never before, the Myth is not only discredited but also damned; and its supporters, though materially powerful, are morally powerless. They are aware both of the weakness of their case and of the strength of ours. So, if now we all challenge the Myth and give it a smashing blow, it will die a deserved death, and we shall all be free. But if we dilly -daily and miss this opportunity, the Indo-British Entente will reimpose it upon us in all its tyranny. In that case, everything will be lost, and we shall all be the slaves of the Indian nation, perhaps for centuries, perhaps forever.

My Choice is Made In realization of the fatefulness of our position, so far as I am concerned, my choice is made. It is to destroy once for all the Myth that India is "the country of India," to establish forever the truth that it is "the Continent of Dinia," and thereby save and sovereignize the nations of the Millat and, given the opportunity, help others to do the same for themselves. In recording this choice, I wish to make no secret of the fact that it is primarily inspired by the duty I owe to my Millat, whose spiritual decay and social decline, whose military defeat and political downfall, were, in my judgement, all due to the teachings of the Myth. Furthermore, it actually represents Part VI of the Pak Plan, which deals with the cause of the Continent of Dinia, whose creation will write " Finis" to the territorial tyranny practised by the Myth in the name of the geographical unity of "the country of India ". Finally, ideally, I am dedicated to do all I can to make it national and Milli, international and universal, in order to fulfil the mission of my life, which is to change for ever the foundations, the framework, and the form of the political thought, expression, and action of the nations of the Millat and of all other nations, including even the Caste Hindoo with a view to creating a comity of sovereign nations, living in separate homelands in the Continent of Dinia, working out their individual national destinies in their own ways, and making their individual national contributions to the solution of the common problems of Dinia, of Asia, and of the world. Millat (Urdu: روزنامہ ملت) is a Urdu daily newspaper in Pakistan. ... World map showing the location of Asia. ...

Let others make their choice That is the full and frank explanation of my choice. Dictated as it is by the misdeeds and dangers of the Myth to my Millat, I do hope it will be shared, in their own interests, by all other victims of the Myth. I mean, the Dravidians, Akhoots, Buddhism, Christians, Sikhs, and Parsis, most of whom have not only suffered at its hands much more than have the Muslims, but are sure to suffer still more. This for obvious reasons. They are, as compared with the Muslims, smaller in numbers, more "Indianized" in outlook, less acutely conscious of the dangers of the Myth, and, consequently, more exposed to its subtle activities which are ever inspired by its suppressive intentions and soul-killing aims. I trust they all will endorse this indictment of the Myth and this appraisal of their prospects under its aegis. Indeed they must, because the indictment is based on their own histories and the appraisal is supported by their own present plight as well as by the future programme of the exploiters of the Myth. If they do, then they must act in realization of the fact that at the root of all their troubles lies this Myth and that, so long as it exists, for them to try to improve their individual positions vis-a'-vis one another is to treat the symptoms of the disease rather than the disease itself. To be more accurate, it is to trifle with the symptoms and to spread the disease arid to have themselves scourged by it. Buddhism is a dharmic, non-theistic religion, which is also a philosophy and a system of psychology. ... This article is about the religous people known as Christians. ... A Sikh man wearing a turban The adherents of Sikhism are called Sikhs. ... a person from Pars (the middle-Persian word for Fars), a region now within the geographical boundaries of Iran, and is roughly the original homeland of the Persian people. ...

The Writing on the Wall Let them make no mistake about it. In the country of India - as for the Muslims, so for them - the fate of national subordination is inescapable. They cannot dodge it; they cannot defy; it they cannot defeat it. The reason is that, even if they achieve the recognition of their distinct nation-hoods in the country of India, they can never be sovereign nations in separate homelands. On the contrary, they will ever be the sub-nations and satellites of the Indian nation in, at best, the re-named regions of India - which is, and ever will be, another name for the Hindu lands. That is the writing on the wall. Let them read it and grasp its meaning. In case of any doubt about the fundamental distinction between sovereign nationhood and sub-nationhood, let them refer to the history of the Bavarians of Bavaria in Imperial Germany. It will tell them that, in spite of the recognition of their own state and king, the Bavarians were still a unit of the German nation, their territory still a component state of Germany, and their nationality in International Law still German. This should convince them that in the country of India they would, at best, be like the Bavarians of Bavarian Germany. And even that only politically, not morally. For, morally, they won't have the sense of patriotism and pride in India, which the Bavarians had in Germany. The Bavarians had it because they were German and, therefore, for them to merge themselves into Germany was an act of genuine patriotism. They, the non-Indian nations, cannot have it because they cannot even pretend to be Indian; they cannot even pass off the merging of their entities into India as an act of patriotism. The reason is they simply are not Indian. For if they were Indian, they wouldn't be fighting, like the Muslims, against being treated as Indian and for being recognised as Dravidians, Akhoots, Buddhs, Christians, Sikhs, and Parsis. That fact alone proclaims the difference between their moral position in India and that of the Bavarians in Germany. Furthermore it explains why, if they keep themselves in India, they won't have any defence before their peoples and posterity. Finally, it shows that if they agree to merge themselves into India, they will belie their national histories, betray their national struggles, and abandon their national hopes. Need one add that, if they do this, they will richly deserve, and certainly receive, the strongest condemnation both from their peoples and from their posterity. Let them discuss it among themselves and decide it for themselves. I am positive that, in the name of sovereign nationhood, my choice is the only one open to them. Indeed, there never was, and never will be, any other choice. For history shows that, throughout the ages, in similar crises all proud nations have ever made this very choice and fought to the last man to maintain their sovereign nationhoods. If they follow this ancient tradition of proud nations and make the choice I have made, then it is mere commonsense that they- the Dravidians, Akhoots, Buddhs, Christians, Sikhs, and Parsis - should make common cause with us, the Muslims, in order to destroy the Myth that India is the country of India," and to establish the truth that it is the Continent of Dinia," and thereby save and sovereignize themselves as nations. The geographic region and Free State of Bavaria (German: Freistaat Bayern), with an area of 70,553 km² (27,241 square miles) and 12. ... This article or section should include material from German Monarchy The term German Empire (the translation from German of Deutsches Reich) commonly refers to Germany, from its consolidation as a unified nation-state on January 18, 1871, until the abdication of Kaiser (Emperor) Wilhelm II on November 9, 1918. ... Geography Bavaria shares international borders with Austria and the Czech Republic. ...

How to Destroy the Myth and Establish the Truth? In view of the newness and magnitude of this dynamic choice, the comradely spirits among the nations concerned may well ask how to put it into effect. I shall answer this question here and show that its implementation depends ultimately on the true realization and propagation by us all of two supreme facts. For, more effectively than anything else, it is our own realization and propagation of these facts that will explode the Myth, establish the truth, and thereby inspire all to work for the repudiation of the Myth and for the recognition of the truth by the Caste Hindoos, by the British, and by the world.

The Two Supreme Facts What are these two supreme facts which are so charged with the fate or fortune of us all?

The first is that the vast and varied lands which are now commonly called the " COUNTRY" of India are, geographically as well as historically, a "CONTINENT." And the second is that what is now erroneously known as " INDIA "--the exclusive domain of Caste Hindooism and Caste Hindoos - is, creedally as well as humanly, "DINIA" - the joint domain of several religions and fraternities.

First Fact: The alleged Country of India is definitely without a doubt is a Continent I shall start off with the first fact, deal with it from both the geographical and the historical points of view, and endeavour to prove that the "Country" of India is in fact a Continent

(a) Its Geographical Aspect Geographically, what is the distinction between a " country" and a "continent " In terms of geography whereas a "country " is just a fair sized politically demarcated area of land that possesses some individual characteristics; a "continent" is a huge, continuous mass of land that is bordered by mountain chains or high seas, or partly by one and partly by the other That is what in geography, essentially distinguishes a "country" from a "continent" Now, if we open our atlases and in the light of these broad, basic definitions, look it the map of India, we shall observe three outstanding facts and features The first is that India is an immense extent of vast area of land. In fact, in area it is at least equal to the whole Continent of Europe, excluding Russia. The second is that, in the north-east, north, and north-west, it is shielded by the highest mountain ranges in the world; arid, in the south-east, south, and south-west, its shores are washed by a vast ocean and high seas. This article is 150 kilobytes or more in size. ...

The third is that India is divided off from the Continent of Asia by barriers even more stupendous than those which separate the Continent of Asia from the Continents of Europe and Africa, or the Continent of North America from that of South America. These three facts are conclusive in themselves ; and, taken together, they prove that geographically, in point of size, structure, and setting, India is a "continent", not a "country" ; that actually it possesses all the main characteristics of the continents of the globe; and that semantically, like Asia, Africa, North America, South America, and Europe, it deserves to he termed and treated as a "continent" in itself.

(b) Its Historical Aspect So much for the geographical aspect of the fact that the " country " of India is a " continent ". What of its historical aspect?

In terms of history, whereas a " country" means a respectable-sized unit of territory that is, as a rule, uni-lingual, uni-cultural uni-national, and uni-statal ; a "continent" signifies an aggregation of such territorial units and is, as a rule, multi-lingual, multi cultural, multi-national and multi-statal. In other words, whereas the history of a "country" is, in general, that of one land, one language, one culture, one nation, and one sovereign state; the history of a " continent" is in general, that of many lands, many languages, many cultures, many nations, and many sovereign states. That is the fundamental distinction between the history of a " country" and of a "continent ".

Now, if in the light of this fundamental distinction we glance at any history text-book on India, we shall find that the history of India is definitely that of a " continent", not of a " country" The reason is that, like any other continent, though, in its incidentals, it is the history of a vast region, inhabited by peoples possessing certain traits of physical affinity and living for a few short spells under administrative unity yet, in its essentials, it is the history of many separate countries which have, throughout the ages, been inhabited by many distinct peoples, with different languages, philosophies, and civilizations, and organized for the most part into sovereign states, ruled by their own kings or emperors. This was the case in the twenty centuries of the Dravidian Period of the history of India, in the twenty-one centuries of the Hindoo Period, and in the twelve centuries of the Muslim Period. Indeed, in its essentials, it is much the same today after the 150 years of the British Period. The fact that it is much the same today is all the more remarkable because, in the British Period, the vast resources of the Anglo-Hindoo Entente have been systematically employed to destroy the ancient distinctions and divisions of India yet their indestructibility is such that they have survived in their entirety. The result is that, like any other continent, India remains as divided as ever. I mean divided religiously and ideologically, linguistically and culturally, territorially and nationally. Again, these facts which, in point of truth, are incontrovertible and, in point of time, cover no less than fifty-five centuries of its history, prove that, historically, India is and ever has been in all but name a "continent ". Such is the testimony of geography and history on the first supreme fact - a testimony which proves that India is a "continent", not a " country".

Second Fact : " India" is "Dinia" Now I shall deal with the second supreme tact and show that, creedally and humanly, " India" is "Dinia" In the discussion of this fact as the words "India" and " Dinia" are the key words, I had better first make their meanings perfectly clear. To begin with, it should be noted that the word "Dinia" is composed wholly of the letters of the word "India", the only change involved being the transposition of the central letter D in "India" to the first place to make it " Dinia". That is all. Then, it should be firmly grasped that, in spite of its origin in the Sanskrit word Sindhu, its evolution in the Greek word Indus. and its consummation in the present English form, the word "India", as applied to these lands, has ever meant, still means, and ever will mean the lands of Caste Hindooism and Caste Hindoos and the word " Dinia ", in spite of its origin in the Saracenic word "Din" (an Arabic and Urdu word for Faith or Religion) and its evolution in the present Urdu form, signifies and ever will signify the lands of " Dins" (religions), whatever they are, and of their followers, whoever they may be. That is to say that whereas the word "India" defines the lands as the exclusive domain of Caste Hindooism and Caste Hindoos and consequently denies the existence and share therein of Dravidianism and Dravidians, of Akhootism and Akhoots, of Buddhism and Buddhs, of Islam and Muslims, of Sikhism and Sikhs, of Christianity and Christians, and of Zoroastrianism and Parsis, and misrepresents all peoples as Caste Hindoos in the lands of Caste Hindooism; the word "Dinia" defines these lands as the joint domain of all the religions and their followers found therein, and consequently acknowledges the existence and share therein of them all, and describes them as the peoples of the lands of religions without reference to any particular religion or fraternity. Finally, it should be understood that my sole, supreme reason for defining the lands and describing the peoples by the word "Dinia" is the fact that religion as such is the most prominent characteristic of all the peoples living in the lands of " Dinia ". Indeed it plays the most vital part in their lives and, now as ever, defines their national entities, inspires their national ideologies, shapes their national histories, and sustains their national hopes. After these explanatory remarks on the significance of tile words "India" and Dinia ", I come to the discussion of the second supreme fact that, creedally and humanly, "India" is "Dinia ". The Sanskrit language ( , for short ) is an old Indo-Aryan language from the Indian Subcontinent, the classical literary language of the Hindus of India[1], a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, and one of the 23 official languages of India. ... The Indus (सिन्‍धु नदी) (known as Sindhu in ancient times) is the principal river of Pakistan. ... The Indus is a river; the Indus River. ... Zoroastrianism (Avestan Daênâ Vañuhi the good religion)[1][2] is the religion and philosophy based on the teachings ascribed to the prophet Zoroaster (Zarathustra, Zartosht). ...

"INDIA" was "DRAVIDIA" First of all we must remember that, in the course of ages, no country or continent in the world has retained its original name, or has always had the same name as it has at the present time. On the contrary, the names of all countries and continents have changed - and will change - with the change of their moral and human content. This is natural: it is logical. Now, in this respect, what is true of other countries and continents is equally true of India. For it too has not always been known as "India", and cannot hope to be known as "India" forever. Indeed, to go back no further than historical times, from 3500 BC to 1500 BC, i.e. for twenty centuries, it was actually "Dravidia" Why was it "Dravidia "? The answer is that, throughout those centuries of its history, it was the exclusive domain of Dravidianism and Dravidians - their religion, language, culture, and civilization. This, in brief, is the creedal and human explanation for India's being "Dravidia" - for twenty centuries. Surely it is an explanation which is perfectly valid because in usage, in law, and in history, the right to name an object belongs to him who owns it. "DRAVIDIA" changed into "BHARAT"

How then did "Dravidia" become "Bharat"? "Dravidia" became "Bharat" because - by 1500 B.C -the Caste Hindoos completed its conquest, crushed Dravidianism and Dravidians, colonized the lands with their own people, and made them practically the exclusive domain of Caste Hindooism and Caste Hindoos~their religion, language, culture, and Gangentic civilization. In the process of doing that, they gave the lands a new name which finally became "Bharat" and symbolized the lands as the exclusive domain of Caste Hindooism and Caste Hindoos. That is how "Dravidia" was changed into "Bharat". Though the name "India" was obviously a misnomer in the case of most of the lands to which it applied and still applies - lands lying thousands of miles away from the Indus - yet one can see that essentially in this change of "Dravidia" into "India" similar causes produced similar effects. That is to say that the creedal and human factors which first made the lands Dravidia, now made them India. This state of affairs lasted for centuries but it couldn't last for ever. Sooner or later it was bound to be challenged and changed. And so it was. In the sixth century B.C., the first challenge came to it in the birth of Buddhism, and by the end of the third century B.C., the position was definitely altered. But Caste Hindooism and Caste Hindoos met the challenge, banished Buddhism from the lands, and restored substantially the status quo ante.

"BHARAT" converted into "DINIA" Time marched on mid, in its march, it brought to these lands the Message of Islam in 638, and the Millat of Islam in 710. The result of the arrival of the Message and of the appearance of the Millat was that, after 710, India was no longer "India". What happened to it after 710? After 710 began its conquest by Muslims. They colonized its lands with their co-religionists, welcomed large numbers of its inhabitants to Islam and built up a mighty Millat which conquered and ruled it for twelve centuries What is more, in the course of these centuries, they changed for ever its core and creed, its character and composition, and thereby, from being the exclusive domain of Caste Hindooism and Caste Hindoos, transformed it into the joint domain of at least three great religions and three great fraternities Dravidianism and Dravidians (who had revived under Islam), Caste Hindooism and Caste Hindoos, Islam and Muslims. In other words, from 711 onwards they slowly but surely converted India into "Dinia". It is hardly necessary to add that the explanation of the conversions of India into "Dinia" lies in the same creedal and human grounds as those which made it first "Dravidia", and then "India". The clock of history didn't stop there either. It never does. It kept ticking away century after century and, in that process, turned out fresh forces. One of these forces was Sikhism and Sikhs. It appeared in 1499 as the fourth party hi these lands - still misnamed India, the exclusive domain of Caste Hindooism and Caste Hindoos. Naturally the appearance of this party made the lands, despite their misnomer, the joint domain of four great religions and four great fraternities and thereby, creedally and humanly, still further confirmed them as "Dinia" "The world's a scene of changes ", they say. The world and, one may add, India in particular! The relative significance of the appearance of Sikhism and Sikhs, as the last party, endured only up to 1757. In that year there came, in organized form, Christianity and Christians to these lands, still mis-styled India - the exclusive domain of Caste Hindooism and Caste Hindoos. This added yet another religion and another fraternity to the existing seven religions and seven fraternities, including Akhootism and Akhoots, Buddhism and Buddhs, Zoroastrianism and Parsis, and thereby still further exposed the falsity of calling the lands "India " - the exclusive domain of Caste Hinduism and Caste Hindoos - and established the truth of their being "Dinia " - the joint domain of Dravidianism and Dravidians, Akhootism and Akhoots, Caste Hindooism and Caste Hlindoos, Buddhism and Buddhs, Islam and Muslims, Sikhism and Sikhs, Christianity and Christians, and Zoroastrianism and Parsis. This concludes the discussion of the second supreme fact and shows that creedally and humanly India is "Dinia". Islam (Arabic:  ) is a monotheistic religion based upon the teachings of Muhammad, a 7th century Arab religious and political figure. ...

"DINIA" DEMANDS RECOGNITION The proof of these two supreme facts once for all destroys the Myth that India is "The country of India" and establishes the truth that it is " the Continent of Dinia". Further, it shows that in re-canonizing the Myth and in rejecting the truth, the Indo-British Entente is not only perpetuating a crime against our seven religions and seven fraternities hut, also, committing a fraud upon humanity and a falsification of history Furthermore, it confers on us the right to demand the formal repudiation of the Myth and the full recognition of the truth from the Caste Hindoos, from the British, and from the world; and imposes upon us the duty to press that demand at all costs, and with all the power at our command. Finally, it ensures us the support of the science of semantics, of the practice of nations, and of the common-sense of mankind. For the science of semantics lays down the rule that, to be true, a name or title must signify the reality of the subject named - a rule which has already been acted on in changing the old myth-born names of the present-day provinces of " India ". The universal practice proclaims that the names of most countries and continents, and of all nations and fraternities. Do reflect their content, character, and composition. And the common sense of mankind declares that to call the Continent of Dinia "the country of India" is at least as absurd as to call America. Red India: Tunis, Carthage ; France. Gaul; or Afghanistan, Gandhara.

NATIONS OF DINIA! For centuries we have blindly submitted to the Myth of Indianism and suffered damnation. That submission and that suffering must now end. For now we know the truth and must work to ensure our salvation. To do that successfully and speedily, we must unite to exercise our right and to fulfil our duty in order to create the Continent of Dinia. We must realise that, whatever may he our differences on other issues, the cause of the Continent of Dinia is common to us till; and that on its success depends the national life and liberty, the national position and status of us all - Muslims, Dravidians, Akhoots, Christians, Sikhs, Buddlhs and Parsis. Inspired by this realization we must begin to exercise our sovereign right and to discharge our solemn duty by first of all recognising the truth of the Continent of Dinia ourselves. This is most vital. The laws of Nature demand it as do the laws of Nations. They demand it because, in Nature, inner-recognition ever precedes outer-recognition; and, in the Comity of Nations, self-recognition is the pre-requisite of world-recognition. Let us, therefore, conform to the laws of Nature and of Nations and make the beginning with our own recognition of the Continent of Dinia. In so doing, let us feel fortified by the fact that we do not deny the existence and interests of any religion or fraternity : that we demand merely the recognition of the existence and the interests of our own religions and fraternities; and that. for us, not to demand that recognition would be an act religiously of renegation, morally of self-degradation, territorially of self-disinheritance, and nationally of self-destruction.

Foundation of the Dinia Continental Movement To exercise my own right and to discharge my own duty I have made this beginning ; and to work for the recognition of the Continent of Dinia, I have founded the Dinia Continental Movement. It is a movement which transcends all communalisms" and " nationlisms ', all provincialisms" and "regionalisms ; and which means to give them all a higher and nobler significance. Its membership is open to all those people who, irrespective of religion and race, of nationhood and nationalist, of local patriotism and territorial allegiance believe in the cause of the Continent of Dinia and are prepared to work for its success and triumph. I ask all such people to join the Movement the aim of which is to remove the denationalizing, disinheriting and dispiriting effects of "Indianism" and to introduce the nationalising acknowledging, and inspiring influences of "Dinianism". In other words, the Movement stands for the replacement of "Indianism" by "Dinianism" and of "countryism" " by "Continentalism" . This it does for the good of all the nations concerned. For only "Dinianism" and "Continentalism" can save the nations from the doom awaiting them in the country of India, and secure them their permanent deliverance in the Continent of Dinia. That is a Continent of sovereign nations, living in separate homelands, working out their individual national destinies in their own ways, and making their national contributions to the solution of the common problems of Dinia, of Asia and of the world. In that Spirit, I ask all fraternities - Dravidian, Akhoot, Buddh, and Muslim. Sikh, and Christian, and Parsi - to support the Dinia Continental Movement and so actively vindicated the sincerity of their oft expressed interest in the true welfare of all nations and all religions. For it is that welfare of all nations and fraternities which the movement seeks in the conversion of the country of India into the continent of Dinia. It seeks that welfare in that conversion because nothing else can ensure the realisation of the individual; nationhood’s of all nations in their separate homelands, the recognition of the equality of all nations in the Comity of Nations, the reflection of the equality of all nations in the overall name, "Dinia" for all the lands of the Continent, and the creation among them all of such sentiment of common unity, of such a sense of common duty, and of such a spirit of common destiny as will inspire them all to live, to labour, and if necessary, to die for the name and fame, for the freedom and independence, and for the progress and prosperity of the whole Content of Dinia. This is the message of the Dinia Continental Movement. It is a message and mission which springs from the eternal laws of life, spells the liberation’s of all nations and fraternities, and promises the fulfilment of the destiny of the one fourth of mankind, living in the lands of the Continent of Dinia. Let all - the Indian and the non-Indian nations -study it. Let those who differ divine a nobler message and mission. Let those also agree work for it and wait for the verdict of history. I am positive that that verdict will acclaim this message and mission, bless the workers, and vindicate the Dinia Continental Movement. Long Live the Nations of Dinia! Long Live the Countries of Dinia! Long Live the Continent of Dinia!

Post-independence

While Choudhary Rahmat Ali was a leading figure for the conception of Pakistan, he lived most of his adult life in England. The Cambridge-based pamphleteer had been voicing his dissatisfaction with the creation of Pakistan ever since his arrival in Lahore on April 6 1948. He was unhappy over a Smaller Pakistan than the one he had conceived in his 1933 pamphlet [[Now Or Never]]. , and his criticisms were beginning to raise alarm while his claims of contribution to the Pakistan Movement were interpreted by his critics as boasting to be the real founder of Pakistan. According to The Pakistan Times report on May 22: Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: God Save the King/Queen Capital London (de facto) Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Unification    - by Athelstan AD 927  Area    - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK)   50,346 sq mi  Population    - 2006 est. ... Lahore (Urdu: لاہور, Punjabi: لہور) is the capital of the province of Punjab, and the second most populated city in Pakistan, also known as the Gardens of the Mughals or City of Gardens, after the significant rich heritage of the Mughal Empire. ... 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1948 calendar). ... Year 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday. ...

"On his arrival in this country Choudhary Rahmat Ali has expressed his intention of launching a Pakistan National Liberation Movement with the object of securing a repudiation of the June 3 Plan, 'by agreement if possible and without agreement if necessary'..."

Grave of C. Rahmat Ali in Cambridge

Consequently, Rahmat Ali was denied a Pakistani passport, and later told to leave the country and he died in 1951, buried in Cambridge City graveyard. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar. ... This article is about Cambridge, England; see also other places called Cambridge. ...

Notes

This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ...

See also

• Pakistan Declaration
• Grave of C. Rahmat Ali in Cambridge
• Qawwals 'Sabri Brothers' praying at C. Rahmat Ali's grave

Now or Never; Are we to live or perish forever? (published January 28, 1933) was a pamphlet by Choudhary Rahmat Ali (then an undergraduate at the University of Cambridge) in which he presented the idea of the creation of a Muslim state in Indian subcontinent and where for the first... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

External links