The Netherlands

This article is part of the series: Politics and government of the Netherlands Motto: Je Maintiendrai (Dutch: Ik zal handhaven, English: I Shall Uphold) Anthem: Wilhelmus van Nassouwe Capital Amsterdam1 Largest city Amsterdam Official language(s) Dutch2 Government Parliamentary democracy Constitutional monarchy  - Queen Beatrix  - Prime minister Jan Peter Balkenende Independence Eighty Years War   - Declared July 26, 1581   - Recognised January 30, 1648 (by Spain... Image File history File links Coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands. ... Politics of the Netherlands takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democracy and a constitutional monarchy, where the prime minister of the Netherlands is the chairman of the council of ministers, and of a pluriform multi-party system with about 15 parties at national elections. ...

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The Christian-Historical Union (CHU) was a Dutch Protestant party. It was created by several groups which had earlier seceded from the Anti Revolutionary Party (ARP). These groups opposed universal suffrage. The Netherlands have been an independent monarchy since March 16, 1815, and have been governed by members of the House of Orange-Nassau since. ... Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands (born as Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard prinses der Nederlanden, prinses van Oranje-Nassau, prinses van Lippe-Biesterfeld) (born January 31, 1938), has been the Queen of the Kingdom of the Netherlands since April 30, 1980. ... The cabinet of the Netherlands or council of ministers plans and implements government policy. ... The second cabinet of Jan Peter Balkenende has been in office in the Netherlands from May 27, 2003. ... The Prime Minister of the Netherlands (Minister-President in Dutch) is the chairman of the council of ministers and active executive authority of the Dutch government. ... (L to R): Silvio Berlusconi, Romano Prodi, António Vitorino and Jan Peter Balkenende. ... The Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) (Dutch: Christen Democratisch Appèl) is a Dutch christian-democratic political party. ... The Peoples Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) (Dutch: Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie) is a Dutch liberal political party. ... The Estates-General (Staten-Generaal) is the parliament of the Netherlands. ... The Eerste Kamer (literally First Chamber in Dutch) is the Upper House or Senate of the Netherlands parliament, the States-General. ... The Tweede Kamer (second chamber) is the lower house of the Staten-Generaal, the parliament in the Netherlands. ... This article lists political parties in the Netherlands. ... Elections in the Netherlands gives information on election and election results in the Netherlands. ... The next Dutch general election were originally scheduled for May 15, 2007 as the parlimament was to be dissolved on April 2, 2007. ... In the Netherlands, the Council of State is a constitutionally established advisory body to the government which consists of members of the royal family and Crown-appointed members generally having political, commercial, diplomatic, or military experience. ... Hoge Raad der Nederlanden is the Supreme Court of the Netherlands, situated in The Hague. ... The modern day Netherlands are divided into twelve provinces (provincies in Dutch), listed below with their capital city: Map of the Netherlands, with provinces and capital cities See also the ranked list of Dutch provinces // Structure A Dutch province represents the administrative layer in between the national government and the... The European Union or EU is a supranational and intergovernmental union of 25 European states. ... Image File history File links European_flag. ... The drug policy of the Netherlands is based on two principles: Drug use is a public health issue, not a criminal matter A distinction between hard drugs and soft drugs exists It is a pragmatic policy. ... The Netherlands abandoned its traditional policy of neutrality after World War II. The Dutch have since become engaged participants in international affairs. ... There are several terms used in Dutch politics which are not easily translated into English. ... Information on politics by country is available for every country, including both de jure and de facto independent states, inhabited dependent territories, as well as areas of special sovereignty. ... Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ... The Anti-Revolutionaire Partij (Dutch for Anti Revolutionary Party) was the first Dutch political party. ... Universal suffrage (also general suffrage or common suffrage) consists of the extension of suffrage to all adults, without distinction as to race, sex, belief, or social status. ...

Voters of the CHU mainly came from the Dutch Reformed Church, the voters of the ARP also came from this church. The main difference between the CHU and the ARP was that the CHU was loose group of parliamentarians and the ARP was much more organized. The CHU parliamentarians were not held to party discipline, for instance. The Dutch Reformed village church of St. ... Party discipline is the ability of a political party to get its members to support the policies of the party leadership. ...

In 1973 the CHU, the ARP and the Catholic's People's Party (KVP) united in form the Christian-Democratic Appeal (CDA), which remains a major party in Dutch politics. 1973 (MCMLXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday. ... The Katholieke Volkspartij (KVP) was a conservative Dutch political party started 22 December 1945. ... The Christen-Democratisch Appèl (CDA, Christian Democratic Appeal) is a political party of the Netherlands that was established in 1980. ... Politics of the Netherlands takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democracy and a constitutional monarchy, where the prime minister of the Netherlands is the chairman of the council of ministers, and of a pluriform multi-party system with about 15 parties at national elections. ...

Party History

Before 1940

The CHU was founded on July 9, 1908 as union of two Protestant parties: the Christian-Historical Party and the Frisian Christian-Historical Union. The two groups had seceded from the ARP, the leading Protestant party of the time. Suffrage was a major issue within the ARP, which took a position in favor of universal male suffrage. However, many members, especially those with an aristocratic background opposed the party on this subject, and formed regional groups and parliamentary clubs which later united in the CHU under leadership of Alexander de Savorin-Lohmann. July 9 is the 190th day of the year (191st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 175 days remaining. ... 1908 (MCMVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... -1...

Many members also opposed the strict leadership of the ARP under Kuyper and wanted to move away from party discipline. Therefore the CHU was not organized as a party but as union of parliamentarians.

The party was based around Protestant-Christian principles. It opposed divorce and disturbance of the Sabbath and promoted government funding of Christian religious schools. This was combined with an emphasis on the historical development of the Dutch state. Limited suffrage and the monarchy were seen as important parts of this history. The name was derived from this: the party was Christian and historical. Before the CHU's foundation, the ARP also flirted with this name. Divorce or dissolution of marriage is the ending of a marriage before the death of either spouse, which can be contrasted with an annulment, which is a declaration that a marriage is void, though the effects of marriage may be recognized in such unions, such as spousal support, child custody... This article concerns the Sabbath in Christianity. ... A parochial school is a type of private school which engages in religious education in addition to conventional education. ... Places where monarchies maintain rule appear in blue. ...

Unlike the ARP, Catholics, and the Sociaal Democratische Arbeiders Partij the CHU was not linked own pillar. Rather it appealed to unaffiliated conservative Protestants. It had good relations with organizations that were part of the ARP's pillar, like the Protestant radio and television broadcaster, the Dutch Christian Radio Association. The Sociaal Democratische Arbeiders Partij (SDAP) was a Dutch political party that existed from 1894 to 1946. ... Pillarization is a term used to describe the way their dutch and belgians dealt with the multicultural societies. ... NCRV or Nederlandse Christelijke Radio Vereniging (Dutch Christian Radio Association) is a radio and television broadcaster in the Netherlands, mostly transmitting over Nederland 1. ...

Although the CHU was seceded for the ARP, and many of its member were anti-Catholic, the CHU still cooperated with ARP and the Roman Catholic RKSP, as they were the only Christian parties in parliament. This alliance was called the 'Coalition'. They formed cabinets together in which the CHU, although the smallest of the three, held prominent posts. In the early years the coalition mainly campaigned for government funding for Christian schools. In 1917 this was realized. The Coalition remained and until the Second World War, they were the core of all cabinets. Two cabinets were led by the leader of the CHU, De Geer: the period 1926-29 and 1939-40. Both cabinets were 'extra-parliamentary' cabinets in time of political turmoil and De Geer was asked to head these cabinets because he was seen as reliable, stable politician. Rooms-Katholieke Staatspartij (Roman-Catholic Political Party, RKSP) was a Dutch Catholic Christian-Democratic political party. ... Politics of the Netherlands takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democracy and a constitutional monarchy, where the prime minister of the Netherlands is the chairman of the council of ministers, and of a pluriform multi-party system with about 15 parties at national elections. ... 1926 (MCMXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1940 calendar). ...

After 1945

After World War II, prominent politicians of the CHU wanted to end the pillarization of Dutch politics. Some wanted to unite the CHU with the ARP, others joined the new social democratic Labour Party (PvdA). Combatants Allies: Poland, United Kingdom, Soviet Union, France/Free France, United States, China, Canada, India, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Greece, and others Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan, Bulgaria, Finland, Romania, Hungary, Burma, Slovakia Casualties Military dead: 17 million Civilian dead: 33 million Total dead: 50 million Military dead: 8... The Labour Party (in Dutch: Partij van de Arbeid, PvdA) is a Dutch social-democratic political party. ...

The CHU returned to government in 1948, as a junior partner in a 'broad coalition' with the Catholic KVP and the PvdA. The ARP was held out of this coalition because it opposed the independence of Indonesia. The CHU was divided on this issue. During the 1960s, votes for the CHU began to decline as many voters were opposed to its conservative policies and its unwillingness to adapt to the new political situation (much unlike the ARP). 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1948 calendar). ...

The CHU was in nearly all governments between 1948 and 1972; it was always joined by the KVP and the ARP. This cooperation led to the foundation of the CDA in 1973, this united the three Christian democratic parties which had worked together closely since their foundation. In 1980 the party ceased to exist. Unlike the ARP and the KVP the CHU was unable to leave a mark on the CDA. 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ...