Christian August Crusius (January 10, 1715 – October 18, 1775) was a German philosopher and theologian. January 10 is the 10th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events July 24 - Spanish treasure fleet of ten ships under admiral Ubilla leave Havana, Cuba for Spain. ... October 18 is the 291st day of the year (292nd in leap years). ... 1775 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... A philosopher is a person who thinks deeply regarding people, society, the world, and/or the universe. ... Theology (Greek θεος, theos, God, + λογος, logos, word or reason) means reasoned discourse concerning religion, spirituality and God. ...

He was born at Leuna near Merseburg in Saxony. He was educated at the University of Leipzig, and became professor of theology there in 1750, and principal in 1773. Leuna is a city with a population of about 6000, located in Saxony-Anhalt in eastern Germany. ... Merseburg is a city in the south of the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. ... The Free State of Saxony (German: Freistaat Sachsen; Sorbian: Swobodny Stata Sakska) is at a land area of 18,413 km² and a population of 4. ... The University of Leipzig (Universität Leipzig), located in Leipzig in the Free State and former Kingdom of Saxony, is one of the oldest universities in Europe. ...

Crusius first came to notice as an opponent of the philosophy of Gottfried Leibniz and Christian Wolff from the standpoint of religious orthodoxy. He attacked it mainly on the grounds of the moral evils that must flow from any system of determinism, and attempted to vindicate the freedom of the will. The most important works of this period of his life are Entwurf der nothwendigen Vernunftwahrheiten (1745), and Weg zur Gewissheit und Zuverlässigkeit der menschlichen Erkenntniss (1747). Though rambling, and lacking originality, Crusius' philosophical books had a great but shortlived popularity. His criticism of Wolff influenced Immanuel Kant at the time when his system was forming; and his ethical doctrines "are mentioned" with respect in the Kritik of Practical Reason. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (also Leibnitz or von Leibniz)[1] (July 1 (June 21 Old Style) 1646 – November 14, 1716) was a German polymath. ... Christian Wolff (less correctly Wolf) (January 24, 1679 - April 9, 1754) was a German philosopher. ... A moral is a one sentence remark made at the end of many childrens stories that expresses the intended meaning, or the moral message, of the tale. ... Determinism is the philosophical proposition that every event, including human cognition and action, is causally determined by an unbroken chain of prior occurrences. ... Immanuel Kant (22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804), was a German philosopher from Königsberg in East Prussia (now Kaliningrad, Russia). ...

Crusius's later life was devoted to theology. He led the party in the university which became known as the "Crusianer" as opposed to the "Ernestianer," the followers of JA Ernesti. The two professors adopted opposite methods of exegesis. Ernesti wished to subject the Scripture in the same way as other ancient books; Crusius held firmly to orthodox ecclesiastical tradition. Johann August Ernesti (August 4, 1707 - September 11, 1781), was a German theologian and philologist. ...

Crusius's chief theological works are Hypomnemata ad theologiam propheticam (1764-1778), and Kurzer Entwurf den Moraltheologie (1772-1773). He sets his face against innovation in such matters as the accepted authorship of canonical writings, verbal inspiration, and the treatment of persons and events in the Old Testament as types of the New. His views have influenced later evangelical students of the Old Testament, such as EW Hengstenberg and F. Deutzsch. Note: Judaism commonly uses the term Tanakh, but not Old Testament, because it does not recognize the concept of a New Testament. ... John 21:1 Jesus Appears to His Disciples--Alessandro Mantovani: the Vatican, Rome. ... Note: Judaism commonly uses the term Tanakh, but not Old Testament, because it does not recognize the concept of a New Testament. ... Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg (October 20, 1802 - May 28, 1869), was a German Lutheran churchman and theologian. ...

There is a full notice of Crusius in Ersch and Gruber's Allgemeine Encyclopädie. See also JE Erdmann's History of Philosophy; A. Marquardt, Kant und Crusius; and article in Herzog-Hauck, Realencyklopädie (1898). Johann Eduard Erdmann (June 13, 1805 - June 12, 1892), German philosophical writer, was born at Wolmar (now Valmiera, Latvia). ...

References

• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.