Part of a series of articles on Christianity

Foundations Jesus Christ Holy Trinity (Father, Son, Holy Spirit) Holy Bible · Christian Theology New Covenant · Supersessionism Apostles · Church · Kingdom · Gospel History of Christianity · Timeline Christianity is a monotheistic[1] religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament. ... Image File history File links Christian_cross. ... This article is about Jesus of Nazareth. ... Christ is the English translation of the Greek word (Christós), which literally means The Anointed One. ... For other uses, see Trinity (disambiguation). ... In many religions, the supreme God is given the title and attributions of Father. ... Christian views of Jesus consist of the teachings and beliefs held by Christian groups about Jesus, including his divinity, humanity, and earthly life. ... In various religions, most notably Trinitarian Christianity, the Holy Spirit (in Hebrew רוח הקודש Ruah haqodesh; also called the Holy Ghost) is the third consubstantial Person of the Holy Trinity. ... This Gutenberg Bible is displayed by the United States Library of Congress. ... Christians believe that Jesus is the mediator of the New Covenant (see Hebrews 8:6). ... Supersessionism (sometimes referred to as replacement theology by its critics) is a belief that Christianity is the fulfillment and continuation of the Old Testament, and that Jews who deny that Jesus is the Messiah are not being faithful to the revelation that God has given them, and they therefore fall... The Twelve Apostles (, apostolos, Liddell & Scott, Strongs G652, someone sent forth/sent out) were men that according to the Synoptic Gospels and Christian tradition, were chosen from among the disciples (students) of Jesus for a mission. ... The phrase One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church appears in the Nicene Creed () and, in part, in the Apostles Creed (the holy catholic church, sanctam ecclesiam catholicam). ... The Kingdom of God or Reign of God (Greek basileia tou theou,[1]) is a foundational concept in Christianity, as it is the central theme of Jesus of Nazareths message in the synoptic Gospels. ... For other uses, see Gospel (disambiguation). ... The history of Christianity concerns the history of the Christian religion and the Church, from the Apostles to contemporary times. ... The purpose of this chronology is to give a detailed account of Christianity from the beginning of the current era to the present. ...

Holy Bible Old Testament · New Testament Decalogue · Sermon on the Mount Birth · Resurrection · Great Commission Inspiration · Books · Canon · Apocrypha Hermeneutics · LXX · English Translation Note: Judaism commonly uses the term Tanakh. ... John 21:1 Jesus Appears to His Disciples--Alessandro Mantovani: the Vatican, Rome. ... This 1768 parchment (612x502 mm) by Jekuthiel Sofer emulated the 1675 Decalogue at Amsterdam Esnoga synagogue. ... The Sermon on the Mount was, according to the Gospel of Matthew 5-7, a particular sermon given by Jesus of Nazareth (estimated around AD 30) on a mountainside to his disciples and a large crowd. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ... The Death of Jesus and the Resurrection of Jesus are two events in the New Testament in which Jesus is crucified on one day (the Day of Preparation, i. ... In Christian tradition, the Great Commission is the instruction of the resurrected Jesus Christ to his disciples, that they spread the faith to all the world. ... Biblical inspiration is the doctrine in Christian theology concerned with the divine origin of the Bible and what the Bible teaches about itself. ... The canonical list of the Books of the Bible differs among Jews, and Catholic, Protestant, and Eastern Orthodox Christians, even though there is a great deal of overlap. ... The biblical canon is a list of books written during the formative periods of the Jewish or Christian faiths. ... Apocrypha (from the Greek word απόκρυφα meaning those having been hidden away[1]) are texts of uncertain authenticity or writings where the authorship is questioned. ... Biblical Hermeneutics, part of the broader hermeneutical question, relates to the problem of how one is to understand Holy Scripture. ... The Septuagint: A page from Codex vaticanus, the basis of Sir Launcelot Lee Brentons English translation. ... The efforts of translating the Bible from its original languages into over 2,000 others have spanned more than two millennia. ... The Bible has been translated into many languages. ...

Christian Theology History of Theology · Apologetics Creation · Fall of Man · Covenant · Law Grace · Faith · Justification · Salvation Sanctification · Theosis · Worship Church · Sacraments · Future This is an overview of the history of theology in Greek thought, Christianity, Judaism and Islam from the time of Christ to the present. ... Theology (Greek θεος, theos, God, + λογια, logia, words, sayings, or discourse) is reasoned discourse concerning religion, spirituality and God or the gods. ... Christian apologetics is the field of study concerned with the systematic defense of Christianity. ... Creation (theology) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... In Abrahamic religion, The Fall of Man or The Story of the Fall, or simply The Fall, refers to humanitys fall from a state of innocent bliss to a state of sinful understanding. ... Covenant, meaning a solemn contract, oath, or bond, is the customary word used to translate the Hebrew word berith (ברית, Tiberian Hebrew bÉ™rîṯ, Standard Hebrew bÉ™rit) as it is used in the Hebrew Bible. ... Note: Judaism commonly uses the term Tanakh. ... In Christianity, divine grace refers to the sovereign favor of God for humankind, as manifest in the blessings bestowed upon all —irrespective of actions (deeds), earned worth, or proven goodness. ... Faith in Christianity centers on faith in the existence of God, who created the universe. ... In Christian theology, justification is Gods act of making or declaring a sinner righteous before God. ... In theology, salvation can mean three related things: freed forever from the punishment of sin Revelation 1:5-6 NRSV - also called deliverance;[1] being saved for something, such as an afterlife or participating in the Reign of God Revelation 1:6 NRSV - also called redemption;[2]) and a process... Sanctification or in its verb form, sanctify, literally means to set apart for special use or purpose, that is to make holy or sacred (compare Latin sanctus holy). Therefore sanctification refers to the state or process of being set apart, i. ... In Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic theology, theosis, meaning divinization (or deification or, to become god), is the call to man to become holy and seek union with God, beginning in this life and later consummated in the resurrection. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... In Christian theology, ecclesiology is a branch of study that deals with the doctrines pertaining to the Church itself as a community or organic entity, and with the understanding of what the church is —ie. ... In Catholic belief and practice, a sacrament is a rite that mediates divine grace, constituting a sacred mystery. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

History and Traditions Early · Councils · Creeds · Missions Great Schism · Crusades · Reformation Fourth-century inscription, representing Christ as the Good Shepherd. ... In Christianity, an Ecumenical Council or general council is a meeting of the bishops of the whole church convened to discuss and settle matters of Church doctrine and practice. ... A creed is a statement or confession of belief — usually religious belief — or faith. ... A Christian mission has been widely defined, since the Lausanne Congress of 1974, as that which is designed to form a viable indigenous church-planting movement. ... For the later Papal Schism in Avignon, see Western Schism. ... The Siege of Antioch, from a medieval miniature painting, during the First Crusade. ... Reformation redirects here. ... Eastern Christianity Eastern Orthodoxy · Oriental Orthodoxy Syriac Christianity · Eastern Catholicism Eastern Christianity refers collectively to the Christian traditions and churches which developed in Greece, the Balkans, the rest of Eastern Europe, Asia Minor, the Middle East, northeastern Africa and southern India over several centuries of religious antiquity. ... The Eastern Orthodox Church is a Christian body that views itself as the historical continuation of the original Christian community established by Jesus and the Twelve Apostles, preserving the traditions of the early church unchanged, accepting the canonicity of the first seven ecumenical councils held between the 4th and the... The term Oriental Orthodoxy refers to the communion of Eastern Christian Churches that recognize only the first three ecumenical councils — the First Council of Nicaea, the First Council of Constantinople and the Council of Ephesus — and reject the dogmatic definitions of the Council of Chalcedon. ... Syriac Christianity is a culturally and linguistically distinctive community within Eastern Christianity. ... The Eastern Catholic Churches are autonomous particular Churches in full communion with the Pope in Rome. ... Western Christianity Western Catholicism · Protestantism Thomism · Anabaptism · Lutheranism Anglicanism · Calvinism · Arminianism Evangelicalism · Baptist · Methodism Restorationism · Liberalism · Adventism Fundamentalism · Pentecostalism Western Christianity comprises Catholicism, Anglicanism, Protestantism. ... The Roman Catholic Church or Catholic Church (see terminology below) is the Christian Church in full communion with the Bishop of Rome, currently Pope Benedict XVI. It traces its origins to the original Christian community founded by Jesus Christ and led by the Twelve Apostles, in particular Saint Peter. ... Protestantism is one of three main groups within Christianity, whose beliefs are centered on Jesus. ... Thomism is the philosophical school that followed in the legacy of Thomas Aquinas. ... Anabaptists (Greek ανα (again) +βαπτιζω (baptize), thus, re-baptizers [1], German: Wiedertäufer) are Christians of the Radical Reformation. ... Lutheranism is a movement within Christianity that began with the theological insights of Martin Luther in the 16th century. ... The term Anglican (from Medieval Latin ecclesia anglicana, meaning the English Church) is used to describe the people, institutions and churches as well as the liturgical traditions and theological concepts developed by the established Church of England, the Anglican Communion and the Continuing Anglican Churches (a loosely affiliated group of... Calvinism is a system of Christian theology and an approach to Christian life and thought within the Protestant tradition articulated by John Calvin, a Protestant Reformer in the 16th century, and subsequently by successors, associates, followers and admirers of Calvin, his interpretation of Scripture, and perspective on Christian life and... For the Armenian nationality, see Armenia or the Armenian language. ... The word evangelicalism usually refers to religious practices and traditions which are found in conservative, almost always Protestant Christianity. ... Baptist is a term describing a tradition within Christianity that may also refer to individuals belonging to a Baptist church or a Baptist denomination. ... Methodism or the Methodist movement is a group of historically related denominations of Protestant Christianity. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The term Adventist can refer to One who believes in the Second Advent (usually known as the Second coming) of Jesus. ... Fundamentalist Christianity, or Christian fundamentalism, is a movement that arose mainly within British and American Protestantism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries by conservative evangelical Christians, who, in a reaction to modernism, actively affirmed a fundamental set of Christian beliefs: the inerrancy of the Bible, the virgin birth... The Pentecostal movement within Evangelical Christianity places special emphasis on the direct personal experience of God through the baptism of the Holy Spirit, as shown in the Biblical account of the Day of Pentecost. ... Topics in Christianity Denominations · Movements · Ecumenism Preaching · Prayer · Music · Liturgy Calendar · Symbols · Art · Criticism A denomination, in the Christian sense of the word, is an identifiable religious body under a common name, structure, and/or doctrine. ... Christian movements are theological, political, or philosophical intepretations of Christianity that are not generally represented by a specific church, sect, or denomination. ... The word ecumenism (also oecumenism, Å“cumenism) is derived from Greek (oikoumene), which means the inhabited world, and was historically used with specific reference to the Roman Empire. ... A sermon is an oration by a prophet or member of the clergy. ... This article is about the many forms of prayer within Christianity. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... // Partial list of Christian liturgies (past and present) Roman Catholic church (churches in communion with the Holy See of the Bishop of Rome) Latin Rite Novus Ordo Missae Tridentine Mass Anglican Use Mozarabic Rite Ambrosian Rite Gallican Rite Eastern Rite, e. ... The liturgical year, also known as the Christian year, consists of the cycle of liturgical seasons in some Christian churches which determines when Feasts, Memorials, Commemorations, and Solemnities are to be observed and which portions of Scripture are to be read. ... Christian art is art that spans many segments of Christianity. ... Throughout the history of Christianity, a wide range of Christians and non-Christians alike have offered criticisms of Christianity, the Church, and Christians themselves. ...

Important Figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Wycliffe Luther · Calvin · Wesley · Pope Paul of Tarsus (b. ... The (Early) Church Fathers or Fathers of the Church are the early and influential theologians and writers in the Christian Church, particularly those of the first five centuries of Christian history. ... This article covers the events of, reaction to, and historical legacy of Roman Emperor Constantine Is promotion, legitimization, and conversion to Christianity. ... Athanasius of Alexandria (also spelled Athanasios) (c. ... Augustinus redirects here. ... For entities named after Saint Anselm, see Saint Anselms. ... Saint Thomas Aquinas [Thomas of Aquin, or Aquino] (c. ... Gregory Palamas Gregory Palamas (Γρηγόριος Παλαμάς) (1296 - 1359) was a monk of Mount Athos in Greece and later Archbishop of Thessalonica known as a preeminent theologian of Hesychasm. ... This does not cite its references or sources. ... Martin Luther (November 10, 1483 – February 18, 1546) was a German monk,[1] priest, professor, theologian, and church reformer. ... John Calvin (July 10, 1509 – May 27, 1564) was a French Protestant theologian during the Protestant Reformation and was a central developer of the system of Christian theology called Calvinism or Reformed theology. ... John Wesley (June 17, 1703–March 2, 1791) was an 18th-century Anglican clergyman and Christian theologian who was an early leader in the Methodist movement. ... The current Pope is Benedict XVI (born Joseph Alois Ratzinger), who was elected at the age of 78 on 19 April 2005. ...

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Christian Theology is reasoned discourse concerning Christian faith. Christian theologians use rational analysis and argument to understand, explain, test, critique, defend or promote Christianity. Theology might be undertaken to help the theologian understand Christianity more truly,^[1] make comparisons between Christianity and other traditions,^[2] defend Christianity against critics, facilitate Christianity’s reform,^[3] assist in the propagation of Christianity,^[4] draw on the resources of the Christian tradition to address some present situation or need,^[5] or for a variety of other reasons. Theology (Greek θεος, theos, God, + λογια, logia, words, sayings, or discourse) is reasoned discourse concerning religion, spirituality and God or the gods. ... It has been suggested that reasoning be merged into this article or section. ... Christianity is a monotheistic[1] religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Look up understanding in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... An explanation is a statement which points to causes, context and consequences of some object (or process, state of affairs etc. ... The word critic comes from the Greek κριτικός, kritikós - one who discerns, which itself arises from the Ancient Greek word κριτής, krités, meaning a person who offers reasoned judgement or analysis, value judgement, interpretation, or observation. ... Comparative religion is a field of religious study that analyzes the interpretive differences of common themes, myths, rituals and concepts among the worlds religions. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Proselytism is the practice of attempting to convert people to another opinion, usually another religion. ...

Given the overwhelming influence exercised by Christianity, especially in pre-modern Europe, Christian theology permeates much of Western culture, and an understanding of Christian theology is as crucial to an understanding of Western culture as is an understanding of Western culture to the understanding of Christian theology. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Western World. ... Culture (from the Latin cultura stemming from colere, meaning to cultivate), generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures that give such activity significance. ...

The emergence of Christian theology

The emergence of Christian theology has sometimes been presented as the triumph of Hellenistic rationality over the Hebraic faith of Jesus and the early disciples. The early African theologian Tertullian, for instance, complained that the ‘Athens’ of philosophy was corrupting the ‘Jerusalem’ of faith.^[6] More recent discussions have qualified and nuanced this picture. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus, anglicized as Tertullian, (ca. ...

• From the very beginning of the Christian movement, followers of Jesus tried to make sense of the impact of Jesus of Nazareth, and began arguing about differing ways of making sense. There has never been an uncontested, unrationalized Christian faith.^[7].
• These processes of making sense initially drew upon the ideas and narratives of contemporary Judaism, which was already Hellenized in various degrees. As time went by, ideas and narratives from other Hellenistic context were drawn on, but the Jewish scriptures remained a key driver of theological development, and too sharp a distinction between Hebraic and Hellenistic is unsustainable. Some elements of early Christian theologizing previously thought to be thoroughly 'Hellenistic' (e.g., the Prologue of John's Gospel) are now regularly argued to be thoroughly Jewish.
• The ideas and narratives drawn on in this process were transformed as they were given a new context in Christian practices of devotion, community - formation and evangelism - and the extent to which borrowings from Hellenistic culture (for instance) were given new meanings in this process should not be underestimated.^[8]
• One of the characteristics of those strands of early Christianity (in the second and third centuries) sometimes called 'proto-orthodox' (because they are the most direct ancestors of the forms of Christianity that in the fourth century were defined as Orthodox), invested a great deal of time and energy in communication between widely spread conversations, and in pursuing a deep interest in each other’s beliefs and practices. This concern and communication seems to have been as much a driver of the development of theological activity as the desire to communicate Christianity to, or make it acceptable in, a Hellenistic culture.^[9]

The history of Christian theology

See:

• the main theology article, which includes material on the history of the word ‘theology’ in Christianity, and
• the main article on the history of theology, which presents the story of Christian, Jewish and Islamic theology.

Theology (Greek θεος, theos, God, + λογια, logia, words, sayings, or discourse) is reasoned discourse concerning religion, spirituality and God or the gods. ... This is an overview of the history of theology in Greek thought, Christianity, Judaism and Islam from the time of Christ to the present. ...

Divisions of Christian Theology

There are large numbers of ways of categorizing Christian different approaches to Christian theology.

Sub-disciplines

Christian theologians may be specialists in one or more theological sub-disciplines. These are the kinds of phrases that one finds in quite a few job titles: ‘Professor of x’, ‘Senior Lecturer in y’:

• Biblical Studies - interpretation of the Bible, often with particular emphasis on historical-critical investigation;
• Biblical hermeneutics - interpretation of the Bible, often with particular emphasis on the nature and constraints of contemporary interpretation;
• Exegesis) - interpretation of the Bible, often with particular emphasis on interpretation for ecclesial use;
• Biblical Theology - interpretation of the Bible, often with particular emphasis on links between biblical texts and the topics of systematic or dogmatic theology.

• Historical Theology - studying Christian theology as it has developed (and is developing) in history.
• Patristics or Patrology - studies the teaching of Church Fathers, or the development of Christian ideas and practice in the period of the Church Fathers.

• Systematic theology (doctrinal theology, dogmatic theology or philosophical theology) - focused on the attempt to arrange and interpret the ideas current in the religion. This is also associated with Constructive Theology.
• Constructive Theology - generally another name for Systematic Theology; also specifically a Postmodernist approach to Systematic theology, applying (among other things) Feminist theory, Queer theory, Deconstructionism, and Hermeneutics to theological topics.
• Dogmatic theology - studying theology (or dogma) as it developed in different church denominations.

• Natural theology - the discussion of those aspects of theology that can be investigated without the help of revelation, scriptures or tradition (sometimes contrasted with "positive theology") - the discussion of those aspects of theology.
• Apologetics - studying Christian theology as it compares to other worldviews in order to give a defense of faith and to challenge others' beliefs.
• Philosophical Theology - philosophical analysis of theological topics.
• Theology and the Arts - interdisciplinary study examining the relationship between theology and the arts (i.e., literature, music, film, painting, etc.)

• Moral Theology - explores the moral and ethical dimensions of the religious life
• Pragmatic or practical theology - studying theology as it relates to everyday living and service to God, including serving as a religious minister.
• Homiletics - in theology the application of the general principles of rhetoric to the specific department of public preaching.
• Spiritual theology - studying theology as a means to orthopraxy: Scripture and tradition are both used as guides for spiritual growth and discipline

Biblical studies is the academic study of the Christian and Jewish Scriptures. ... Biblical Hermeneutics, part of the broader hermeneutical question, relates to the problem of how one is to understand Holy Scripture. ... Exegesis (from the Greek to lead out) involves an extensive and critical interpretation of a text, especially of a holy scripture, such as of the Old and New Testaments of the Bible, the Talmud, the Midrash, the Quran, etc. ... Biblical Theology is a discipline within Christian theology which studies the Bible from the perspective of understanding the progressive history of God revealing himself to Man following the Fall and throughout the Old Testament and New Testament. ... Historical theology is a branch of theological studies that investigates the socio-historical and cultural mechanisms that give rise to theological ideas, systems, and statements. ... in 1930 was when the first traces of humans where discovered by cochroaches. ... Patristics is the study of early Christian writers, known as the Church Fathers. ... The (Early) Church Fathers or Fathers of the Church are the early and influential theologians and writers in the Christian Church, particularly those of the first five centuries of Christian history. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Constructive Theology is the re-definition of what has historically been known as Systematic theology. ... Constructive Theology is the re-definition of what has historically been known as Systematic theology. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Postmodernism is an idea that has been extremely controversial and difficult to define among scholars, intellectuals, and historians, because the term implies to many that the modern historical period has passed. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Feminist theory is the extension of feminism into theoretical, or philosophical, ground. ... This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ... In contemporary philosophy and social sciences, the term deconstruction denotes a process by which the texts and languages of (particularly) Western philosophy appear to shift and complicate in meaning when read in light of the assumptions they suggest about and absences they reveal within themselves. ... Hermeneutics may be described as the development and study of theories of the interpretation and understanding of texts. ... DOGMATIC THEOLOGY, the name usually given in modern times to the systematic study of Christian doctrine or of dogma in the widest sense possible. ... For the film Dogma, see Dogma (film) Dogma (the plural is either dogmata or dogmas, Greek , plural ) is the established belief or doctrine held by a religion, ideology or any kind of organization, thought to be authoritative and not to be disputed or doubted. ... A denomination, in the Christian sense of the word, is an identifiable religious body under a common name, structure, and/or doctrine. ... Natural theology is the knowledge of God accessible to all rational human beings without recourse to any special or supposedly supernatural revelation. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Worldview is Chicago Public Radios daily international-affairs radio show, hosted by Jerome McDonnell. ... The attempt to provide proofs or arguments for the existence of God is known as natural theology. ... Theology and the Arts is an academic subdiscipline of theological studies which examines the relationship between: theology (i. ... Ethics is a branch of philosophy dealing with right and wrong in human behaviour. ... It has been suggested that Moral reflex be merged into this article or section. ... Ethics (from the Ancient Greek εθικος (ethikos), meaning arising from habit; also Morality), a major branch of philosophy, is the study of value, or morals and morality. ... In most Protestant churches, a minister is a member of the ordained clergy who leads a congregation or participates in a role in a parachurch ministry; such a person may also be called a Pastor, Preacher, Bishop, Chaplain or Elder. ... Homiletics (Gr. ... Orthopraxy is a term derived from Greek meaning correct practice. It refers to accepted religious practices and may include both ritual practices as well as interpersonal acts. ... Many religions and spiritual movements hold certain written texts (or series of spoken legends not traditionally written down) to be sacred. ... The word tradition comes from the Latin word traditio which means to hand down or to hand over. ...

Major topics

These topics crop up again and again in Christian theology; they are the main recurrent ‘loci’ around which Christian theological discussion revolves.

• The Bible. the nature and means of its inspiration, etc; including Hermeneutics - the development and study of theories of the interpretation and understanding of texts
• Christology - the study of Jesus Christ, of his nature(s), and of the relationship between his divinity and humanity;
• Creation
• Ecclesiology (sometimes a subsection of missiology)- the study of the Christian Church, including her institutional structure, her sacraments and practices (especially the worship of God)
• Eschatology - the study of the last things, or end times. Covers subjects such as death and the afterlife, the end of history, the end of the world, the last judgment, the nature of hope and progress, etc.
• Missiology (sometimes a subsection of ecclesiology) - God's will in the world, missions, evangelism, etc.
• Pneumatology - the study of the Holy Spirit, sometimes also 'geist' as in Hegelianism and other philosophico-theological systems;
• providence.
• Soteriology - the study of the nature and means of salvation; might include Hamartiology - the study of sin; Law and Gospel - the study of the relationship between Divine Law and Divine Grace; justification; sanctification.
• Theological anthropology - the study of humanity, especially as it relates to the divine
• Theology proper - the study of God’s attributes, nature, and relation to the world. Might include Theodicy - Attempts at reconciling the existence of evil and suffering in the world with the nature and justice of God; and Apophatic theology (or negative theology; sometimes contrasted with "cataphatic theology") - the discussion of what God is not, or the investigation of how language about God breaks down. See the nature of God in Western theology.

This Gutenberg Bible is displayed by the United States Library of Congress. ... ķ Look up inspiration in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Hermeneutics may be described as the development and study of theories of the interpretation and understanding of texts. ... Christology is that part of Christian theology which studies and attempts to define Jesus the Christ. ... This article is about Jesus of Nazareth. ... Christ is the English translation of the Greek word (Christós), which literally means The Anointed One. ... Creation (theology) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... In Christian theology, ecclesiology is a branch of study that deals with the doctrines pertaining to the Church itself as a community or organic entity, and with the understanding of what the church is —ie. ... The term Christian Church, or Catholic Church, as it was known by Christians beginning in the second century, expresses the idea that organised Christianity (the Christian religion) is seen as an institution. ... Institutions are structures and mechanisms of social order and cooperation governing the behavior of two or more individuals. ... A sacrament is a Christian rite that mediates divine grace. ... Worship usually refers to specific acts of religious praise, honour, or devotion, typically directed to a supernatural being such as a god or goddess. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... // In Judeo-Christian theology, the End Times are depicted as a time of tribulation that precede the predicted coming of a Messiah figure. ... The afterlife (or life after death) is a generic term referring to a continuation of existence, typically spiritual, experiential, or ghost-like, beyond this world, or after death. ... in 1930 was when the first traces of humans where discovered by cochroaches. ... Antarctica Oceania Africa Asia Europe North America South America Middle East Caribbean Central Asia East Asia North Asia South Asia Southeast Asia SW. Asia Australasia Melanesia Micronesia Polynesia Central America Latin America Northern America Americas C. Africa E. Africa N. Africa Southern Africa W. Africa C. Europe E. Europe N... Judgment Day redirects here. ... Hope is an emotional belief in a positive outcome related to events and circumstances within ones personal life. ... Missiology, or mission science, is the area of practical theology which investigates the mandate, message and work of the Christian missionary. ... Pneumatology is the study of spiritual beings and phenomena, especially the interactions between humans and God. ... In various religions, most notably Trinitarian Christianity, the Holy Spirit (in Hebrew רוח הקודש Ruah haqodesh; also called the Holy Ghost) is the third consubstantial Person of the Holy Trinity. ... In theology, Divine Providence, or simply Providence, is the sovereignty, superintendence, or agency of God over events in peoples lives and throughout history. ... In Christianity, salvation is arguably the most important spiritual concept, second only to the divinity of Jesus. ... In theology, salvation can mean three related things: freed forever from the punishment of sin Revelation 1:5-6 NRSV - also called deliverance;[1] being saved for something, such as an afterlife or participating in the Reign of God Revelation 1:6 NRSV - also called redemption;[2]) and a process... Hamartiology is the branch of Christian theology that is concerned with the study of sin. ... This article is about sin in the context of morality. ... The relationship between Gods Law and the Gospel is a major topic in Lutheran and Reformed theology. ... Note: Judaism commonly uses the term Tanakh. ... In Christianity, divine grace refers to the sovereign favor of God for humankind, as manifest in the blessings bestowed upon all —irrespective of actions (deeds), earned worth, or proven goodness. ... Humanity refers to the human race or mankind as a whole, to that which is characteristically human, or to that which distinguishes human beings from other animals or from other animal species primal nature. ... This article discusses the term God in the context of monotheism and henotheism. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... In religion and ethics, Evil refers to the morally objectionable aspects of the behaviour and reasoning of human beings — those which are deliberately void of conscience, and show a wanton penchant for destruction. ... Negative theology, also known as the Via Negativa (Lat. ... The nature of God in monotheistic religions is a broad topic in Western philosophy of religion and theology, with a very old and distinguished history; it was one of the central topics in medieval philosophy. ...

A classical pattern

Ethics is a branch of philosophy dealing with right and wrong in human behaviour. ... In Christian theology, ecclesiology is a branch of study that deals with the doctrines pertaining to the Church itself as a community or organic entity, and with the understanding of what the church is —ie. ... Pastoral theology is the branch of theology concerned with the practical application of theology in the pastoral context. ... Liturgics is the academic discipline dedicated to the study of liturgy. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Missiology, or mission science, is the area of practical theology which investigates the mandate, message and work of the Christian missionary. ...

Controversial topics

Within the major topics listed above, there have been many particular flashpoints for controversy, which have therefore been occasions for more than their fair share of theological writing:

• Absolution (sacerdotal remittance of sin);
• Antinomianism (i.e., the rejection of moral constraints upon those who have been converted);
• The Apostolic Succession (i.e., of bishops and/or the Pope from the original Apostles);
• Believer's Baptism: doctrine that only the baptism by immersion of believing adults is valid;
• Christian polygamy;
• Christian vegetarianism;
• Ecumenism (the move to reunite churches;
• Icon veneration;
• The Immaculate Conception of Mary;
• Indulgences (i.e., remissions by the Church of some penalties for sin);
• Legalism (i.e., the claim that only those who obey the law will be saved);
• Mary (Mary as Theotokos (the idea that was therefore the "Mother of God"; as perpetually virgin; the Assumption of Mary;
• The Papal Primacy (i.e., the belief that the Pope is the successor of St. Peter and therefore head of Christianity);
• Purgatory (a "holding place" after death where souls are purified before entering heaven);
• Observance of the Sabbath;
• Sacerdotalism (priesthood as intermediary and sacred office);
• The Sacraments; Transubstantiation;
• Sainthood and canonization;
• Tradition (i.e., its authority relative to Scripture).

Absolution in a liturgical church refers to the pronouncement of Gods forgiveness of sins. ... Antinomianism (from the Greek αντι, against + νομος, law), or lawlessness (in the Greek Bible: ανομια), in theology, is the idea that members of a particular religious group are under no obligation to obey the laws of ethics or morality as presented by religious authorities. ... In Christianity, the doctrine of Apostolic Succession (or the belief that the Church is apostolic) maintains that the Christian Church today is the spiritual successor of the Church of the Apostles. ... A pastor prepares to baptize a new believer in Christ in the name of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. ... Christian vegetarianism is based on extending the compassionate teachings of Jesus, the twelve apostles and the early church to all living beings through vegetarianism or veganism. ... The word ecumenism (also oecumenism, œcumenism) is derived from Greek (oikoumene), which means the inhabited world, and was historically used with specific reference to the Roman Empire. ... Christ the Redeemer (1410s, by Andrei Rublev) An icon (from Greek , eikon, image) is an image, picture, or representation; it is a sign or likeness that stands for an object by signifying or representing it, or by analogy, as in semiotics; in computers an icon is a symbol on the... Veneration is a religious symbolic act giving honor to someone by honoring an image of that person, particularly applied to saints. ... Mary, mother of Jesus as the Immaculate Conception. ... In the theology of Roman Catholicism, an indulgence is the remission of the temporal punishment due to God for a Christians sins. ... Legalism has several meanings. ... Saint Mary and Saint Mary the Virgin both redirect here. ... Theotokos of Kazan Theotokos (Greek: , translit. ... In Roman times, Vestal Virgins were strictly celibate or they were punished by death. ... The Assumption has been a subject of Christian art for centuries. ... The current Pope is Benedict XVI (born Joseph Alois Ratzinger), who was elected at the age of 78 on 19 April 2005. ... According to tradition, Peter was crucified upside-down, as shown in this painting by Caravaggio. ... Purgatory commonly refers to a doctrine in the Roman Catholic Church, which posits that those who die in a state of grace undergo a purification in order to achieve the holiness necessary to enter heaven. ... == == <nowiki>[[[[[[[[[{{pov|date=18:21, 30 January 2007 (UTC)}} {{Christian theology}} {{dablink|This article concerns the Sabbath in Christianity. ... Sacerdotalism (from Latin sacerdos, priest, literally one who presents sacred offerings, sacer, sacred, and dare, to give) is a term applied (usually in a hostile sense) to the system, method, and spirit of a priestly order or class, under which the functions, dignity, and influence of the members of the... In Catholic belief and practice, a sacrament is a rite that mediates divine grace, constituting a sacred mystery. ... Transubstantiation (in Latin, transsubstantiatio) is the change of the substance of bread and wine into that of the body and blood of Christ that, according to the belief of the Roman Catholic Church, occurs in the Eucharist and that is called in Greek (see Metousiosis). ... General definition of saint In general, the term Saint refers to someone who is exceptionally virtuous and holy. ... Canonization is the process of declaring someone a saint and involves proving that a candidate has lived in such a way that he or she qualifies for this. ... A tradition is a story or a custom that is memorized and passed down from generation to generation, originally without the need for a writing system. ...

Controversial movements

Christians have had theological disagreements since the time of Jesus. Theological disputes have given rise to many schisms and different Christian denominations, sects and movements. This article is about Jesus of Nazareth. ... The word schism (IPA: or ), from the Greek σχίσμα, skhísma (from σχίζω, skhízō, to split), means a division or a split, usually in an organization or a movement. ... A denomination, in the Christian sense of the word, is an identifiable religious body under a common name, structure, and/or doctrine. ...

Pre-Reformation

• Arianism: doctrines regarding Christ's divinity;
• Donatism
• Ebionitism
• Gnosticism: Generally rejected the goodness of the physical to emphasize the spiritual, also emphasized "hidden teachings".
• Judaizers
• Manichaeism
• Marcionism
• Monarchianism: doctrines regarding Christ's divinity.
• Monophysitism: doctrines regarding Christ's divinity
• Montanism
• Nazarenes
• Nicolationism
• Nontrinitarianism
• Novatianism
• Pelagianism: denial of original sin and helplessness of sinner to save himself, affirmation of free will.
• Quartodecimanism: Easter controversy
• Sabellianism: doctrines regarding the Trinity, also known as "modalism."
• Simonianism

This article is about theological views like those of Arius. ... The Donatists (founded by the Berber Christian Donatus Magnus) were followers of a belief considered a heresy by the broader Catholic community. ... The Ebionites (from Hebrew; אביונים, Ebyonim, the poor ones) were an early sect of mostly Jewish followers of Jesus, which flourished in the early centuries of the Common Era, one of several ancient Jewish Christian groups that co-existed from the 1st to the 5th century CE in and around the... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Judaizers is a pejorative term used by Pauline Christianity, particularly after the third century, to describe Jewish Christian groups like the Ebionites and Nazarenes who believed that followers of Jesus needed to keep the Law of Moses. ... Manichean priests, writing at their desk, with panel inscription in Sogdian. ... In Early Christianity Marcionism is the dualist belief system that originates in the teachings of Marcion of Sinope at Rome around the year 144 (115 years and 6 months from the Crucifixion, according to Tertullians reckoning in Adversus Marcionem, xv). ... Monarchianism, or Monarchism as it is sometimes called, is a set of beliefs that emphasize God as being one, that God is the single and only ruler. ... Divinity has a number of related uses in the field of religious belief and study. ... Monophysitism (from the Greek monos meaning one, alone and physis meaning nature) is the christological position that Christ has only one nature, as opposed to the Chalcedonian position which holds that Christ has two natures, one divine and one human. ... Montanism was an early Christian sectarian movement of the mid-2nd century A.D., named after its founder Montanus. ... -1... Nontrinitarianism is any of various Christian beliefs that reject the doctrine of the Trinity, that God is three distinct persons in one. ... The Novatianists following Novatius, or Novatian, held a strict view that refused readmission to communion of those baptized Christians who had denied their faith or performed the formalities of a ritual sacrifice to the pagan gods, under the pressures of the persecution sanctioned by Emperor Decius, in 250 A.D... Pelagianism is the belief that original sin did not taint human nature (which, being created from God, was divine), and that mortal will is still capable of choosing good or evil without Divine aid. ... Quartodecimanism (fourteenism, derived from Latin) refers to the practice of fixing the celebration of Passover for Christians on the fourteenth day of Nisan in the Old Testaments Hebrew Calendar (for example Lev 23:5, in Latin quarta decima). This was the original method of fixing the date of the... The Easter controversy was a series of controversies about the proper date to celebrate Easter. ... In Christianity, Sabellianism (also known as modalism) is the belief that the Father, Son and Holy Spirit are different modes or aspects of one God, rather than three distinct persons. ... In Christianity, Sabellianism (also known as modalism) is the second-century belief that the three persons of the Trinity are merely different modes or aspects of God, rather than three distinct persons. ... The death of Simon Magus. ...

Post-Reformation

Since the Reformation emphasized the rights of Christians to expound their own views of theology, most theological distinctions have occurred between the various Protestant denominations. Some elaboration of Roman Catholic doctrines however have been promulgated since that time. The differences between many of the denominations are relatively minor, and this has helped ecumenical efforts in recent times. The word ecumenical comes from a Greek word that means pertaining to the whole world. ...

• Adventism: typified by the Seventh-day Adventist Church.
• Anabaptism
• Anglicanism
• Anglo-Catholicism: high church theology of Anglicanism.
• Arminianism: reaction to Calvinism. Key doctrine of Anglican and Methodist churches, adopted by some Baptists and Congregationalists.
• Brethrenism: Anabaptist-Pietist, with Open and Exclusive streams.
• Calvinism.
• Charismaticism: charismatic movement in traditional Protestant and Roman Catholic churches, often associated with glossolalia.
• Congregationalism: form of governance used in Congregationalist, Baptist and Pentecostal churches in which each congregation is self-governing and independent of all others.
• Counter-Reformation or Catholic Reformation.
• Creation Spirituality: Panentheist theology.
• Deism: replaces faith with reason, believes God does not intervene in earthly affairs.
• Evangelicalism: conservative Protestant theology. Some churches have evangelical and liberal streams.
• Latitudinarianism: broad church theology of Anglicanism.
• Liberalism: Belief in interpreting the Bible to allow for the maximum amount of individual freedom.
• Low church: puritanical / Evangelical theology of Anglicanism.
• Methodism: form of governance and doctrine used in Methodist Church.
• Modernism: Belief that truth changes so doctrine must change in light of new information or trends.
• Mormonism: LDS church. Consider the Book of Mormon and others to be additional divine scriptures; rejects the doctrine of the Trinity and many other differences.
• New Thought: Movement based on Nineteenth century New England belief in positive thinking. Several denominations arose from it including Unity Church, Religious Science and the more divergent Christian Science.
• Nonconformism: advocacy of religious liberty. Includes Quakers, Methodists, Baptists, Congregationalists and Salvationists.
• Nontrinitarianism: Rejection of the doctrine of Trinity.
• Pentecostalism: doctrine that charismatic gifts have been restored to the church.
• Pietism: A stream of Lutheranism placing renewed emphasis on the Bible and a universal priesthood.
• Presbyterianism: form of governance used in Presbyterian and Reformed churches.
• Puritanism: Movement to cleanse Episcopalianism of any "ritualistic" aspects.
• Restoration Movement: 19th century attempt to return to a New Testament model of the church
• Restorationism: includes the Millerites-Seventh-day Adventists and Latter Day Saints.
• Salvationism: Salvation Army. It is an offshoot of the Methodist Church
• Tractarianism: Oxford Movement. It led to Anglo-Catholicism.
• Ultramontanism: A French Roman Catholic reaction to church-state separation.
• Unification Church
• Unitarianism: Rejects Trinity and divinity of Christ.
• Universalism: In various forms, the belief that all people will receive salvation.
• Wesleyanism: A stream of Methodism. The title was reintroduced by a schism in the New Zealand church.

The term Adventist can refer to One who believes in the Second Advent (usually known as the Second coming) of Jesus. ... Seventh-day Adventist Churchs logo The Seventh-day Adventist Church is a Christian denomination which, as its name suggests, is best known for its teaching that Saturday, the seventh day of the week, is the Sabbath and that the second advent of Jesus Christ is imminent. ... Anabaptists (re-baptizers, from Greek ana and baptizo; in German: Wiedertäufer) are Christians of the so-called radical wing of the Protestant Reformation. ... Look up doctrine in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The terms Anglo-Catholic and Anglo-Catholicism describe people, groups, ideas, customs and practices within Anglicanism that emphasise continuity with Catholic tradition. ... High Church is a term that may now be used in speaking of viewpoints within a number of denominations of Protestant Christianity in general, but it is one which has traditionally been employed in Churches associated with the Anglican tradition in particular. ... The term Anglican describes those people and churches following the religious traditions of the Church of England, especially following the Reformation. ... For the Armenian nationality, see Armenia or the Armenian language. ... The Methodist movement is a group of denominations of Protestant Christianity. ... Baptist is a term describing a tradition within Christianity that may also refer to individuals belonging to a Baptist church or a Baptist denomination. ... Congregational churches are Protestant Christian churches practicing congregationalist church governance, in which each congregation independently and autonomously runs its own affairs. ... Calvinism is a system of Christian theology and an approach to Christian life and thought within the Protestant tradition articulated by John Calvin, a Protestant Reformer in the 16th century, and subsequently by successors, associates, followers and admirers of Calvin, his interpretation of Scripture, and perspective on Christian life and... The charismatic movement began with the adoption of certain beliefs typical of those held by Pentecostal Christians —specifically what are known as the biblical charisms of Christianity: speaking in tongues, prophesying, etc. ... Glossolalia (from the Greek, γλώσσα (glossa), tongue and λαλώ (lalô), I speak) comprises unintelligible utterances, often as part of religious practice. ... Congregational churches are Protestant Christian churches practicing congregationalist church governance, in which each congregation indepedently and autonomously runs its own affairs. ... The Counter-Reformation or the Catholic Reformation was a strong reaffirmation of the doctrine and structure of the Catholic Church, climaxing at the Council of Trent, partly in reaction to the growth of Protestantism. ... Creation Spirituality is a set of beliefs about God and humanity derived mainly from the Old and New Testament of the Bible, ranging from the prologue to Johns Gospel to the Book of Revelation. ... Panentheism (Greek words: pan=all and Theos=God) is the view that God is immanent within all creation and that the universe is part of God or that God is the animating force behind the universe. ... Deism is a religious philosophy and movement that became prominent in England, France, and the United States in the 17th and 18th centuries. ... The word evangelicalism usually refers to religious practices and traditions which are found in conservative, almost always Protestant Christianity. ... Latitudinarian was initially a pejorative term applied to a group of 17th century British theologians who believed in conforming to official Church of England practices but who felt that matters of doctrine, liturgical practice, and ecclesiastical organization were of relatively little importance. ... Liberalism is an ideology, philosophical view, and political tradition which holds that liberty is the primary political value. ... Low church is a term of distinction in the Church of England, initially designed to be pejorative. ... A Puritan of 16th and 17th century England was any person seeking purity of worship and doctrine, especially the parties that rejected the Laudian reform of the Church of England. ... The word evangelicalism usually refers to religious practices and traditions which are found in conservative, almost always Protestant Christianity. ... Methodism or the Methodist movement is a group of historically related denominations of Protestant Christianity. ... Modernism is a trend of thought that affirms the power of human beings to make, improve, deconstruct and reshape their built and designed environment, with the aid of scientific knowledge, technology and practical experimentation, thus in its essence both progressive and optimistic. ... Mormonism is a term used to describe religious, ideological, and cultural aspects of the various denominations of the Latter Day Saint movement. ... The Book of Mormon (originally, The Book of Mormon: An Account Written by the Hand of Mormon upon Plates Taken from the Plates of Nephi) is one of the sacred texts of the Latter Day Saint movement, named after the prophet/historian Mormon, who according to the text compiled most... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with New Thought Movement. ... This article is about the region in the United States of America. ... Please wikify (format) this article as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Religious Science, also known as Science of Mind, was founded in 1927 by Ernest Holmes (1887-1960) and is a religious movement within the New Thought Movement. ... It has been suggested that Christian Science practitioner be merged into this article or section. ... Non conformism is the term of KKK ... Nontrinitarianism is any of various Christian beliefs that reject the doctrine of the Trinity, that God is three distinct persons in one. ... For other uses, see Trinity (disambiguation). ... The Pentecostal movement within Evangelical Christianity places special emphasis on the direct personal experience of God through the baptism of the Holy Spirit, as shown in the Biblical account of the Day of Pentecost. ... Pietism was a movement within Lutheranism, lasting from the late-17th century to the mid-18th century. ... The Lutheran movement is a group of denominations of Protestant Christianity by the original definition. ... Presbyterianism is a form of Protestant Christianity, primarily in the Reformed branch of Western Christianity, as well as a particular form of church government. ... The Puritans were members of a group of radical Protestants which developed in England after the Reformation. ... For information related to dispensational Christian views regarding the end times, see restorationism. ... John 21:1 Jesus Appears to His Disciples--Alessandro Mantovani: the Vatican, Rome. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... William Miller The Millerite tradition is a diverse family of denominations and Bible study movements that have arisen since the middle of the 19th century, traceable to the Adventist movement sparked by the teachings of William Miller. ... Seventh-day Adventist Churchs logo The Seventh-day Adventist Church is a Christian denomination which, as its name suggests, is best known for its teaching that Saturday, the seventh day of the week, is the Sabbath and that the second advent of Jesus Christ is imminent. ... Shield of The Salvation Army The Salvation Army is a non-military evangelical Christian organization founded in 1865 by one time Methodist minister William Booth. ... For the 20th century Oxford Movement or Group see Moral Rearmament The Oxford Movement was a loose affiliation of High Church Anglicans who sought to demonstrate that the Church of England was a direct descendant of the Christian church established by the Apostles. ... The Oxford Movement was a loose affiliation of High Church Anglicans, most of them members of the University of Oxford, who sought to demonstrate that the Church of England was a direct descendant of the Christian church established by the Apostles. ... Ultramontanism is a religious philosophy within the Roman Catholic community that places strong emphasis on the prerogatives and powers of the pope. ... The Unification Church is a new religious movement started by Sun Myung Moon in Korea in the 1940s. ... It has been suggested that Unitarian Christianity be merged into this article or section. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Universality (philosophy). ...

Contemporary Theological movements

In addition to the movements listed above, the following are some of the movements found amongst Christian theologians:

• Black theology
• Covenant Theology, an interpretive grid that understands God's plans in the Old and New Testaments as being a result of God's covenant with his chosen people. Covenant theology is one way to approach the subdiscipline of biblical theology; compare to Dispensationalism.
• Anarchism
• Black theology
• Conservative Christianity.
• Covenant Theology (a.k.a. Federalism)
• Dispensationalism - an interpretative grid that views God's relationship with the created order as passing through successive "dispensations", in each of which the covenants of the previous era may no longer be valid. Dispensationalism is one way to approach the subdiscipline of biblical theology; compare to Covenant Theology.
• Evangelicalism
• Feminist theology
• Feminist theology
• Fundamentalism
• Holocaust theology (In response to the horrors of the Holocaust especially in relation to Theodicy)
• Liberal theology
• Liberation theology
• Lutheranism
• Methodism
• Narrative theology - studying a narrative presentation of the faith rather than dogmatic development.
• Neo-orthodoxy (also known as "dialectical theology" and "crisis theology"
• New Church
• New Covenant Theology
• Orthodox Christianity
• Paleo-Orthodoxy
• Pentecostalism
• Personalism
• Postliberal theology
• Postmodern theology
• Process theology
• Queer Theology
• Quakerism
• Restorationism
• Revisionist theology
• Roman Catholicism
• Thomism
• Transcendental Theology

Black theology is a Christian theology of liberation. ... Covenant Theology is not to be confused with the Covenanters Covenant Theology (also known as Covenantalism or Federal theology or Federalism) is a conceptual overview and interpretive framework for understanding the overall flow of the Bible. ... Christian anarchism is the belief that the only source of authority to which Christians are ultimately answerable is God, embodied in the teachings of Jesus. ... Black theology is a Christian theology of liberation. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Covenant Theology is not to be confused with the Covenanters Covenant Theology (also known as Covenantalism or Federal theology or Federalism) is a conceptual overview and interpretive framework for understanding the overall flow of the Bible. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The word evangelicalism usually refers to religious practices and traditions which are found in conservative, almost always Protestant Christianity. ... Feminist theology is a movement, generally in the Western religious traditions (mostly Christianity and Judaism), to reconsider the traditions, practices, scriptures, and theologies of those religions from a feminist perspective. ... Feminist theology is a movement, generally in the Western religious traditions (mostly Christianity and Judaism), to reconsider the traditions, practices, scriptures, and theologies of those religions from a feminist perspective. ... Fundamentalist Christianity, or Christian fundamentalism, is a movement that arose mainly within British and American Protestantism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries by conservative evangelical Christians, who, in a reaction to modernism, actively affirmed a fundamental set of Christian beliefs: the inerrancy of the Bible, the virgin birth... Holocaust theology refers to a body of theological and philosophical debate, soul-searching, and analysis, with the subsequent related literature, that attempts to come to grips with various conflicting views about the role of God in this human world and the dark events of the European Holocaust that occurred during... This article is becoming very long. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Liberation theology is a sometimes controversial school of theological thought. ... Lutheranism is a movement within Christianity that began with the theological insights of Martin Luther in the 16th century. ... Methodism or the Methodist movement is a group of historically related denominations of Protestant Christianity. ... Narrative theology was a late 20th century theological development which supported the idea that the Churchs use of the Bible should focus on a narrative presentation of the faith, rather than on the development of a systematic theology. ... Neo-orthodoxy is an approach to theology that was developed in the aftermath of the First World War (1914-1918). ... Swedenborgianism is a term based on the ecclesiastical organization of certain beliefs relating to Emanuel Swedenborgs writings and, as such, is considered a religious movement by some. ... New Covenant Theology here is a technical term referring to a theological view of redemptive history primarily found in Baptist circles and contrasted with Covenant Theology and Dispensationalism. ... The Eastern Orthodox Church is a Christian body that views itself as the historical continuation of the original Christian community established by Jesus and the Twelve Apostles, preserving the traditions of the early church unchanged, accepting the canonicity of the first seven ecumenical councils held between the 4th and the... Thomas Oden Paleo-Orthodoxy is a Christian theological movement of the late 20th and early 21st centuries. ... The Pentecostal movement within Evangelical Christianity places special emphasis on the direct personal experience of God through the baptism of the Holy Spirit, as shown in the Biblical account of the Day of Pentecost. ... Personalism is the school of thought that consists of three main principles: Only persons are real (in the ontological sense), Only persons have value, and Only persons have free will. ... Narrative theology was a late 20th century theological development which supported the idea that the Churchs use of the Bible should focus on a narrative presentation of the faith, rather than on the development of a systematic theology. ... Process theology (also known as neoclassical theology) is a school of thought influenced by the metaphysical process philosophy of Alfred North Whitehead (1861–1947). ... Queer Theology is exploration of the nature of God and human-kinds relationship with God through the experience of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people (although, as used within this field of theology, the term Queer can extend beyond LGBT people). ... The Religious Society of Friends (commonly known as Quakers) is a Christian religious denomination that began in England in the 17th century by people who were dissatisfied with the existing denominations and sects of Christianity. ... For information related to dispensational Christian views regarding the end times, see restorationism. ... The Roman Catholic Church or Catholic Church (see terminology below) is the Christian Church in full communion with the Bishop of Rome, currently Pope Benedict XVI. It traces its origins to the original Christian community founded by Jesus Christ and led by the Twelve Apostles, in particular Saint Peter. ... Thomism is the philosophical school that followed in the legacy of Thomas Aquinas. ... Transcendentalism was the name of a group of new ideas in literature, religion, culture and philosophy which emerged in New England in the early- to mid-nineteenth century. ...

Notes

1. ^ See, e.g., Daniel L. Migliore, Faith Seeking Understanding: An Introduction to Christian Theology (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2004)
2. ^ See, e.g., David Burrell, Freedom and Creation in Three Traditions (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1994)
3. ^ See, e.g., John Shelby Spong, Why Christianity Must Change or Die (New York: Harper Collins, 2001)
4. ^ See, e.g., Duncan Dormor et al (eds), Anglicanism, the Answer to Modernity (London: Continuum, 2003)
5. ^ See, e.g., Timothy Gorringe, Crime, Changing Society and the Churches Series (London:SPCK, 2004)
6. ^ Tertullian, De praescriptione haereticorum 7.
7. ^ See, for example, Stephen Sykes, The Identity of Christianity (London: SPCK, 1984) or Wayne Meeks, 'Inventing the Christ: multicultural process and poetry among the first Christians', Studia Theologica 58.1, pp.77-96, for arguments along these lines
8. ^ Larry Hurtado, Lord Jesus Christ (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2003)
9. ^ See Rowan Williams, 'Does it make sense to speak of pre–Nicene orthodoxy?' in idem (ed.) The Making of Orthodoxy (Cambridge: CUP, 1989), pp.1-23.

• Appiah-Kubi,K and Torres ,S,eds. African Theology en Route,Orbis Books,1979
• Bonino,J.M.Doing theology in a Revolutionary situation ,Philadelphia:Fotress

Press,1975.

• Elwood,D.J.,ed.Asian Christian Theology; Emerging Themes.Philadelphia;Westminster Press,1979
• Koyanaama ,K. Waterbuffalo theology,Orbis books ,1974
• Miranda,J.Being and the Messiah.Orbis Books,1974.
• Moore,B.,ed.The Challenge of Black theology in South aAfrica.Atlanta;John Knox

Press,1974.

• Muzorewa,H,African Theology ;Its Origin and Development;Orbis Books,1984.
• Sobrino,J.Christology on the Crossroads.Orbis Books,1978wilmore,g.s. *Andcone,J.H.,eds.Black Theology;A Documentary History,1966.1979.Orbis

Books,1979

References

• Introduction to the Reformed Tradition by John H. Leith (1978). ISBN 0-8042-0479-9)
• The Story of Christianity by Justo L. Gonzalez (1984, 1985, 1999). ISBN 1-56563-522-1)
• The History of Christian Thought by Jonathan Hill (2003). ISBN 0-7459-5093-0 and 0830827765
• Christian Theology: An Introduction by Alister McGrath. ISBN 0-631-22528-5
• Christian Theology Reader by Alister McGrath. ISBN 0-631-20637-X
• The Foundations of New Testament Christology by Reginald H. Fuller (1965). ISBN 0-684-15532-X
• Systematic Theology, an ecumenical trilogy by Thomas Oden
  • Volume 1: The Living God (1992). ISBN 0-06-066363-4
  • Volume 2: The Word of Life (1992). ISBN 0-06-066364-2
  • Volume 3: Life in the Spirit (1994). ISBN 0-06-066362-6

Alister E. McGrath (b. ... Alister E. McGrath (b. ... Reginald Horace Fuller (b. ... Christian ecumenism is the promotion of unity or cooperation between distinct religious groups or denominations of the Christian religion, more or less broadly defined. ... Dr. Thomas C. Oden Thomas Clark Oden (October 21, 1931 - ) is an American Christian theologian associated with Drew University in New Jersey. ...

Quotations

This article discusses the term God in the context of monotheism and henotheism. ... Universe is a word derived from the Old French univers, which in turn comes from the Latin roots unus (one) and versus (a form of vertere, to turn). Physicists concept of the Universe is motivated[] by the attempt to describe the whole of space-time, including all matter and energy... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Christians believe that Jesus is the mediator of the New Covenant (see Hebrews 8:6). ... John Haddon Leith (September 10, 1919 - August 13, 2002) was an important Presbyterian theologian and ordained minister who was the Pemberton Professor of Theology at Union Theological Seminary & Presbyterian School of Christian Education in Virginia from 1959 to 1990. ...

See also

• Heresy
• Eastern Orthodoxy
• Roman Catholicism
• Protestant Reformation
• Biblical canon
• Ecumenism
• Fundamentalist Christianity
• Liberal Christianity
• Neo-Orthodoxy
• Emerging Church
• Word of Faith
• Christian anarchism
• Christian ecumenism
• Christian worship
• List of Christian theologians
• List of Methodist theologians
• Theology
• Wesleyan Quadrilateral