Anarchism

Schools Anarcha-feminism Anarchism without adjectives Anarchist communism Anarcho-primitivism Anarcho-syndicalism Christian anarchism Crypto-anarchism Eco-anarchism Green anarchism Insurrectionism Individualist anarchism Libertarian socialism Mutualism Post-Anarchism Post-left anarchy Situationist In 1872 Benjamin Tucker first met Warren and William B. Greene in Boston at the New England Labor Reform League. ... File links The following pages link to this file: Anarchism Anarchy Individualist anarchism Libertarianism Anarcho-Communism Libertarian socialism The Angry Brigade Haymarket Riot Anarcho-syndicalism Anarchist law Anarcho-punk List of creative works about anarchism Spanish Revolution Freedom Press Confederación Nacional del Trabajo Primitivism Green anarchism WOMBLES Squamish Five... Anarcha-feminism combines anarchism with feminism. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Anarchist communism, also known as Communist anarchism, Anarcho-communism, or Libertarian communism, is a political ideology related to Libertarian socialism. ... Anarcho-primitivism is an anarchist critique of the origins and progress of civilization. ... Anarcho-syndicalism is a branch of anarchism which focuses on the labor movement, hence the syndicalism qualification. ... Crypto-anarchism is a philosophy that expounds the use of strong public key cryptography to enforce privacy and therefore individual freedom. ... Eco-anarchism argues that small eco-villages (of no more than a few hundred people) are a scale of human living preferable to civilization, and that infrastructure and political systems should be re-organized to ensure that these are created. ... Green anarchists compose a diverse and open movement of people who take influences from a variety of different places. ... Insurrectionary anarchism is a practice and a tendency within the anarchist movement that ultimately aims towards causing an insurrection. ... Individualist anarchism is a philosophical tradition that opposes collectivism and has a particularly strong emphasis on the supremacy and autonomy of the individual. ... Libertarian socialism is any one of a group of political philosophies dedicated to opposing coercive forms of authority and social hierarchy, in particular the institutions of capitalism and the state. ... Mutualism is an economic theory or system based on a labor theory of value that advocates that equal amounts of labor should receive equal pay. ... Post-anarchism is the term used to represent anarchist philosophies developed since the 1980s using post-structuralist and postmodernist approaches. ... Post-left anarchy is a recent current in anarchist thought that seeks to distance itself from the traditional left and to escape the confines of ideology in general. ... The Situationist International (SI), an international political and artistic movement, originated in the Italian village of Cosio dArroscia on 28 July 1957 with the fusion of several extremely small artistic tendencies: the Lettrist International, the International movement for an imaginist Bauhaus, and the London Psychogeographical Association. ... Anarchism in culture Anarchism and religion Anarchism and society Anarchism and the arts Anarcho-punk Anarchists have traditionally been skeptical and opposed to organized religion. ... This article discusses the anarchist critiques of society and proposed solutions from the anarchist perspective. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... The anarchy symbol commonly used by anarcho-punks Anarcho-punk (sometimes known as peace-punk) is a subgenre of the punk rock movement consisting of groups and bands promoting specifically anarchist ideas. ... Anarchist theory Anarchism and capitalism Anarchism and Marxism Anarchist economics Anarchist law Anarchist symbolism This article is about the anarcho-socialist critique of captalism. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Anarchist economics entails theory and praxis relating to economic activity within the philosophical outlines of anarchism. ... Anarchist law refers to a concept about the law to use in anarchies, although some people define anarchies as communities without any law. ... This article discusses various anarchist symbols, including the circle-A and the black flag. ... Relevant lists Anarchists Communities Concepts Creative works Musicians Organizations Websites The following is a list of individuals who have been regarded as anarchists by themselves or others, arranged by surname. ... This is a list of past and present anarchist communities. ... These are concepts which, although not exclusive to anarchism, are significant in historical and/or modern anarchist circles. ... // Visual Art Freddie Baer André Breton Carlo Carrà Flavio Constantini Mike Flugennock Clifford Harper Jay Kinney (Anarchy Comics) Arthur Moyse Latuff Laura Norder Donald Rooum (Wildcat Comics, see Freedom newspaper) Mark Rothko Winston Smith Seth Tobocman Camille Pissarro Gee Vaucher John Yates Donald Judd Music A Silver Mt. ... The following is a list of notable anarchist musicians. ... This list uses the word organization in its loosest sense. ... Political philosophies descibed as anarchist show overwhelming diversity. ... Related subjects Anti-authoritarian Council communism Left-Libertarianism Autonomous Marxism Anarcho-capitalism Anti-authoritarianism is opposition to authoritarianism, which is defined as concentration of power in a leader or an elite not constitutionally responsible to the people or the doctrine that advocates such absolutism in rule, as in autocracy, despotism, dictatorship, and totalitarianism. ... Council communism was a radical Left movement originating in Germany and the Netherlands in the 1920s. ... Left-Libertarianism is an offshoot of conventional libertarianism that holds a more egalitarian theory of ownership of resources. ... Autonomism, or Autonomist Marxism is a left wing political movement and theory. ... Anarcho-capitalism refers to an anti-statist philosophy that embraces capitalism as one of its foundational principles. ...

Christian anarchism (also known as Christian libertarianism) is the belief that the only source of authority to which Christians are ultimately answerable is God, embodied in the teachings of Jesus. Christian anarchists are pacifists, and oppose the use of both proactive (offensive) and reactive (defensive) physical force. Christian anarchists feel that earthly authority such as government or the Christian Church do not, and should not, have power over them. They believe individuals seeking liberty and a path to freedom will only be guided by the grace of God if they show compassion to others and turn the other cheek when confronted with violence. As a noun, Christian is an appellation and moniker deriving from the appellation Christ, which many people associate exclusively with Jesus of Nazareth. ... God is the term used to denote the Supreme Being believed by many people, and especially followers of monotheistic religions, to be the creator, ruler and/or the sum total of, existence. ... Jesus, also known as Jesus of Nazareth, is the central figure of Christianity, in which context he is known as Jesus Christ (from Greek Ιησούς Χριστός) with Christ not being a name but rather a title meaning Anointed. He is also considered a very important prophet in Islam. ... Pacifism is opposition to war. ... The term Christian Church expresses the idea that organised Christianity (the Christian religion) is seen as an institution. ... In common speech, the word individual most often refers to a person, or, by analogy, to any specific object in a group of things. ... Liberty is generally thought of in English as a condition in which an individual has immunity from the arbitrary exercise of authority; it often also implies the right to exercise political rights such as standing for office. ... Personal liberty is one of the meanings of freedom. Freedom refers, in a very general sense, to the state of being free (i. ... Turn the other cheek is a famous phrase taken from the Christian New Testament, Matthew 5:39-40, when Jesus says: But I tell you, do not resist an evil person. ...

Christian pacifists arrive at anarchism as they oppose governments using physical force. Anarchist Biblical literalists also suggest there is complete compatibility between the Bible and anarchism. They claim that one of the reasons Jesus was so unpopular with the Sanhedrin is that he was viewed as an anarchist inspiring a rebellion and a threat to the status quo. Christian anarchism is the belief that there is only one source of authority to which Christians are ultimately answerable, the authority of God as embodied in Jesus. ... The Bible (sometimes The Book, Good Book, Word of God, The Word, or Scripture), from Greek (τα) βιβλια, (ta) biblia, (the) books, is the classical name for the Hebrew Bible of Judaism or the combination of the Old Testament and New Testament of Christianity (The Bible therefore actually refers to at least... For the tractate in the Mishnah, see Sanhedrin (tractate). ... For the Danish youth organization, see Rebel (Denmark) A rebellion is, in the most general sense, a refusal to accept authority. ... Look up Status quo in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Status quo is a Latin term meaning the present current, existing state of affairs. ...

Adherents believe freedom is justified spiritually through the teachings of Jesus, some of whom are critical of the Church. They believe all individuals can directly communicate with God and will eventually unify in peace under Monotheism. The English word spirit comes from the Latin spiritus, meaning breath. ... The concept of peace ranks among the most controversial in our time. ... Monotheism (in Greek μόνος = single and θεός = God) is the belief in a single, universal, all-encompassing deity. ...

Many regard Leo Tolstoy's The Kingdom of God is Within You [1] (1894) to be a key text in Christian anarchism. Tolstoy called for a society based on compassion, nonviolent principles and freedom. Leo Tolstoy's work was one of the inspirations behind Mahatma Gandhi's use of nonviolent resistance during India's struggle for independence. Leo Tolstoy, pictured late in life Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy (?) (Russian: Лев Никола́евич Толсто́й; commonly referred to in English as Leo Tolstoy) (September 9, 1828 – November 20, 1910, N.S.; August 28, 1828 – November 7, 1910, O.S.) was a Russian novelist, social reformer, pacifist, Christian anarchist, vegetarian, moral thinker and an influential... The 1st English edition of The Kingdom of God is Within You, 1894 The Kingdom of God is Within You is a non-fiction work written by Leo Tolstoy and was first published in Germany in 1894, after being banned in his home country of Russia. ... 1894 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Nonviolence (or non-violence) is a set of assumptions about morality, power and conflict that leads its proponents to reject the use of violence in efforts to attain social or political goals. ... Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (October 2, 1869–January 30, 1948) (Devanagari, Hindi: मोहनदास करमचन्द गांधी,Gujarati:મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી) was the spiritual and political leader of India who led the struggle for Indias independence from the British Empire, empowered by tens of millions of Indians. ... Nonviolent resistance (or nonviolent action) comprises the practice of applying power to achieve socio-political goals through symbolic protests, economic or political noncooperation, civil disobedience and other methods, without the use of physical violence. ...

Some Christian pacifists oppose war and other statist aggression through tax resistance, while others submit to taxation. Adin Ballou wrote that if the act of resisting taxes requires physical force to withhold what a government tries to take, then it is important to submit to taxation. Ammon Hennacy, who like Ballou also believed in nonresistance, managed to resist taxes without using force. Statism is a term that is used in a variety of disciplines (economics, sociology, education policy etc) to describe a system that involves a significant interventionist role for the state in economic or social affairs. ... A tax resister resists or refuses payment of a tax because of opposition to the institution collecting the tax. ... Adin Ballou Adin Ballou (1803-1890) was a founder of the Hopedale Community in Hopedale, Massachusetts, and a prominent 19th century exponent of pacifism, socialism and abolitionism. ... Ammon Hennacy Ammon Hennacy (July 24, 1893 - January 14, 1970) was a pacifist, Christian anarchist, vegetarian, social activist, member of the Catholic Worker Movement and was known for establishing the Joe Hill House of Hospitality in Salt Lake City, Utah and never paying taxes. ... Nonresistance (or non-resistance) is a sub-type of nonviolence that strictly limits resistance to the enemy. ...

Fall of the Roman Empire

Part of the series on Christianity

History of Christianity Apostles Ecumenical councils Great Schism Reformation See also: Timeline of Christianity Beliefs Jesus crucifixion as portrayed by Diego Velázquez. ... image of a Latin cross. ... This article outlines the history of Christianity and provides links to relevant topics. ... The Twelve Apostles (in Koine Greek απόστολος apostolos [1], someone sent forth/sent out, an emissary) were probably Galilean Jewish men (10 names are Aramaic, 4 names are Greek) chosen from among the disciples, who were sent forth by Jesus of Nazareth to preach the Gospel to both Jews and Gentiles... In Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy, an ecumenical council or general council is a meeting of the bishops of the whole church convened to discuss and settle matters of Church doctrine and practice. ... The East-West Schism, known also as the Great Schism (though this latter term sometimes refers to the later Western Schism), was the event that divided Chalcedonian Christianity into Western Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy. ... The Protestant Reformation was a movement which emerged in the 16th century as a series of attempts to reform the Roman Catholic Church in Western Europe. ...

The Trinity God the Father Christ the Son The Holy Spirit Within Christianity, the catholic doctrine of the Trinity states that God is a single being who exists, simultaneously and eternally, as a communion of three Persons: the Father, the Son (the eternal Logos, incarnate as Jesus of Nazareth), and the Holy Spirit. ... In many religions, the supreme God is given the title and attributions of Father. ... Christ is the English representation of the Greek word Χριστός (transliterated as Khristós), which means anointed. ... Jesus, also known as Jesus of Nazareth, is the central figure of Christianity, in which context he is known as Jesus Christ (from Greek Ιησούς Χριστός) with Christ not being a name but rather a title meaning Anointed. He is also considered a very important prophet in Islam. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ...

The Bible Old Testament New Testament Apocrypha The Gospels Ten Commandments Sermon on the Mount The Bible (From Greek βιβλια—biblia, meaning books, which in turn is derived from βυβλος—byblos meaning papyrus, from the ancient Phoenician city of Byblos which exported papyrus) is the sacred scripture of Christianity. ... Note: Judaism uses the term Tanakh instead of Old Testament, because it does not recognize the New Testament as being part of the Biblical canon. ... // What is the New Testament? The New Testament, sometimes called the Greek Testament or Greek Scriptures, is the name given to the part of the Christian Bible that was written after the birth of Jesus. ... Apocrypha is a Greek word (απόκρυφα, neuter plural of απόκρυφος), from αποκρυπτειν, to hide away. ... For the genre of Christian-themed music, see gospel music. ... The Ten Commandments on a monument in the grounds of the Texas State Capitol This 1768 parchment (612x502 mm) by Jekuthiel Sofer emulated 1675 decalogue at the Esnoga synagogue of Amsterdam The Ten Commandments, or Decalogue, is a list of religious and moral imperatives which, according to the Bible, was... The Sermon on the Mount by Carl Heinrich Bloch. ...

Christian theology Salvation · Grace Christian worship Christian theology practices theology from a Christian viewpoint or studies Christianity theologically. ... Salvation refers to deliverance from an undesirable state or condition. ... Divine grace is believed by Christians to be the sovereign favour of God exercised in the bestowment of blessings upon those who have no merit in them. ... This article is in need of attention. ...

Christian Church Catholicism Orthodox Christianity Protestantism The term Christian Church expresses the idea that organised Christianity (the Christian religion) is seen as an institution. ... This article considers Catholicism in the broadest ecclesiastical sense. ... Orthodox Christianity is a generalized reference to the Eastern traditions of Christianity, as opposed to the Western traditions which descend from the Catholic Church. ... Protestantism is a movement within Christianity, representing a split from within the Roman Catholic Church during the mid-to-late Renaissance in Europe —a period known as the Protestant Reformation. ... Christian denominations Christian movements Christian ecumenism A denomination, in the Christian sense of the word, is an identifiable religious body, organization under a common name, structure, and/or doctrine. ... Christian movements are theological, political, or philosophical intepretations of Christianity that are not generally represented by a specific church, sect, or denomination. ... Christian ecumenism is the promotion of unity or cooperation between distinct religious groups or denominations of the Christian religion, more or less broadly defined. ...

The Bible illustrates that the early Christians, shortly after Jesus' death, were living a simple and anarchist-like way of life, with "no poor" and "total equality". There are anarchic traces in much of the history of Christianity. For example, Edward Gibbon felt that Christianity contributed, perhaps passively, to the fall of the Roman Empire: The Early Christians is a term used to refer to the early followers of Jesus of Nazareth, before the emergence of established Christian orthodoxy. ... This article outlines the history of Christianity and provides links to relevant topics. ... Edward Gibbon (1737-1794). ... See also: Timeline of Christianity Beliefs Jesus crucifixion as portrayed by Diego Velázquez. ... For other uses, see Roman Empire (disambiguation) The Roman Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Ancient Roman polity in the centuries following its reorganization under the leadership of Octavian (better known as Augustus), until its radical reformation in what was later to be known as the Byzantine...

"As the happiness of a future life is the great object of religion, we may hear without surprise or scandal that the introduction... of Christianity, had some influence on the decline and fall of the Roman Empire." [2]

He goes on to suggest that military expansionism gave way to devotion and piety, and religious conflict replaced military conquest.

A Washington State University paper states that the Roman Emperor codified, and accommodated to the radical teachings of Jesus:

...the foundational Christian texts are not only anti-Roman ... but consistently dismissive of human, worldly authority. If Christianity were going to work as a religion in a state ruled by a monarch that demanded worship and absolute authority, it would have to be changed. To this end, Constantine convened a group of Christian bishops at Nicaea in 325; there, the basic orthodoxy of Christianity was instantiated in what came to be called the Nicene creed [3], the basic statement of belief for orthodox Christianity. [4]

Christianity was legalised under Emperor Constantine's Edict of Milan in 313 and First Council of Nicaea in 325, bringing an end to Christian persecution. In 392, it became Rome's sole official religion when Emperor Theodosius passed legislation prohibiting all pagan worship in the Empire and declaring Christianity the state religion. Christian anarchists point out that this merger of Church and state marks the beginning of the Constantinian shift, in which Christianity gradually came to be identified with the will of the ruling elite and, in some cases, a religious justification for the exercise of power. Contemporary bronze head of Constantine. ... The Edict of Milan (AD 313) declared that the Roman Empire would be neutral with regard to religious worship, officially ending all government-sanctioned persecution, especially of Christianity. ... For other uses, see 313 (number). ... The First Council of Nicaea, convoked by the Roman Emperor Constantine the Great in AD 325, was the first ecumenical (from Greek oikumene, worldwide) conference of bishops of the Christian Church. ... Events May 20 - First Council of Nicaea - first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church: The Nicene Creed is formulated, the date of Easter is discussed. ... Events August 22 - Arbogast elevates Eugenius as Roman Emperor. ... On the reverse of this coin minted under Valentinian II, both Valentinian and Theodosius are depicted with halos, holding a globus cruciger. ... Paganism (from Latin paganus) and Heathenry are catch-all terms which have come to connote a broad set of spiritual/religious beliefs and practices of a natural religion, as opposed to the Abrahamic religions. ... Sculpture of Constantine I in York, England. ...

The Reformation

In the 16th century, the Protestant Reformation emerged as a series of attempts to reform the Roman Catholic Church in Western Europe. The main front of the Reformation was inspired by Martin Luther and can be seen as an anarchist, or at least anti-establishment, movement based on the possibility that the individual was able to have a direct relationship with God. The earlier notion that salvation had to be earned through a range of good works and practices, interpreted and prescribed by the Church, was left behind. Instead, the concept of grace was seen to produce salvation for genuine believers who accept and follow God's revealed word. This simple and apparently controversial interpretation of the scriptures, seriously threatened a millennium of established Church power, wealth and authority. Reformists include the Anabaptists, such as the Amish and Mennonites, who were regarded as heretics by the Roman Catholic Church. The Protestant Reformation was a movement which emerged in the 16th century as a series of attempts to reform the Roman Catholic Church in Western Europe. ... It has been suggested that Catholic teachings be merged into this article or section. ... Western Europe is distinguished from Eastern Europe by differences of history and culture rather than by geography. ... Luther at age 46 (Lucas Cranach the Elder, 1529) The Luther seal Martin Luther (November 10, 1483–February 18, 1546) was a German theologian, an Augustinian monk, and an ecclesiastical reformer whose teachings inspired the Reformation and deeply influenced the doctrines and culture of the Lutheran and Protestant traditions. ... A millennium is a period of time, literally equal to one thousand years (from Latin mille, thousand, and annum, year). ... Anabaptists (Greek ana+baptizo re-baptizers, German: Wiedertäufer) are Christians of the so-called radical wing of the Protestant Reformation. ... Amish couple in a horse-drawn buggy in rural Holmes County, Ohio, the site of one of the largest concentrations of Amish in the United States The Amish are a denomination of Anabaptists noted for their restrictions on the use of modern devices such as automobiles and electricity. ... The Mennonites are a group of Christian Anabaptist (Re-baptizers) denominations named after and influenced by the teachings and tradition of Menno Simons (1496-1561). ... Heresy, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, is a theological or religious opinion or doctrine maintained in opposition, or held to be contrary, to the ‘catholic’ or orthodox doctrine of the Christian Church, or, by extension, to that of any church, creed, or religious system, considered as orthodox. ...

Other trends towards anarchism

Nonconformism

In 1533, Anglicanism was formed after Henry VIII opposed certain Vatican decisions and directives, including Pope Clement VII's refusal to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon and England's obligation to pay taxes in the form of Peter's Pence. Then over the 17th and 18th centuries several English Dissenters, such as George Fox, Isaac Watts and John Bunyan, criticised the Church of England and split away from Anglicanism. Nonconformist organisations include the Religious Society of Friends, also known as the Quakers. Events January 25 - King Henry VIII of England marries Anne Boleyn, his second Queen consort. ... The term Anglican (from the Angles meaning English) describes the people and churches that follow the religious traditions developed by the established Church of England. ... Henry VIII (28 June 1491 – 28 January 1547) was King of England and Lord of Ireland (later King of Ireland) from 22 April 1509 until his death. ... For the antipope (1378-1394) see Antipope Clement VII and other popes named Clement see Pope Clement. ... Annulment is a legal procedure for declaring a marriage null and void. ... The recently-widowed young Catherine of Aragon, by Henry VIIs court painter, Michael Sittow, c. ... Peters Pence is the practice of lay members of the Roman Catholic Church providing material support to the clergy and other preachers of the Gospel. ... English Dissenters were dissenters from who opposed State interference in religious matters and founded their own communities over the 16th to 18th century period. ... 19th-century engraving of George Fox, based on a painting of unknown date. ... Isaac Watts. ... John Bunyan. ... The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England, and acts as the mother and senior branch of the worldwide Anglican Communion, as well as a founding member of the Porvoo Communion. ... Non conformism is the term of KKK ... The Religious Society of Friends, commonly known as Quakers or Friends, is a religious community who do not have a universal set of doctrines to which all members subscribe but who embrace certain concepts that have been adopted by consensus. ...

Restorationism

Restorationism saw itself as a rediscovery of the original form of Christianity. In the 19th century, two Latter Day Saint sects with Restorationist and Anabaptist affinities grew up, the Community of Christ and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, both of which attempted to live by what is known as the Law of Consecration and Stewardship and United Order of Enoch. Communitarian in nature and sharing some aspects of anarchism, the Law of Consecration was administered both on a local and church wide basis. This article deals with the restoration of Christian authenticity in worship and living; see Supersessionism for a discussion regarding Restorationism in Dispensational Christian views towards Jewish people in the End times. ... Community of Christ Temple in Independence, Missouri, USA. Dedicated 1994 Community of Christ, previously known as the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints or RLDS church is a branch of Mormon Restorationism, and is the second largest denomination of the Latter Day Saint movement. ... The Salt Lake City temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is the largest attraction in the citys Temple Square. ...

Then in the early 20th century, the Community of Christ, under the leadership of Frederick Madison Smith, grandson of Latter Day Saint movement founder Joseph Smith, Jr., laid the basis for research and development efforts toward gathering members of the Community of Christ to the Kansas City Missouri region (the Centerplace) to build a cooperative commonwealth (Zion) networking the cooperative economies of its federated local jurisdictions organised as stakes. Raymond Zinser and Wilford Winholtz are notable Latter Day Saint advocates of the Cause of Zion. Frederick Madison Smith (January 21, 1874 - March 20, 1946) was an American religious leader and author, president of the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (renamed in 2001 the Community of Christ) from 1915 until his death. ... Joseph Smith, Jr. ...

The Doukhobors

The origin of the Doukhobors dates back to 16th and 17th century Russia. The Doukhobors ("Spirit Wrestlers") are a radical Christian sect that maintains a belief in pacifism and a communal lifestyle, while rejecting secular government. In 1899, the Doukhobors fled repression in Tsarist Russia and migrated to Canada, mostly in the provinces of Saskatchewan and British Columbia. The funds for the trip were paid for by the Quakers and Russian novelist Leo Tolstoy. Canada was suggested to Leo Tolstoy as a safe-haven for the Doukhobors by anarchist Peter Kropotkin who, while on a speaking tour across the country, observed the religious tolerance experienced by the Mennonites. The Doukhobors (Russian Духоборы/Духоборцы) are a Christian dissenting sect of Russian origin. ... Pacifism is opposition to war. ... 1899 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Motto: Multis E Gentibus Vires (From many peoples, strength) Other Canadian provinces and territories Capital Regina Largest city Saskatoon Lieutenant-Governor Lynda M. Haverstock Premier Lorne Calvert (NDP) Area 651,036 km² (7th) • Land 591,670 km² • Water 59,366 km² (9. ... Motto: Splendor Sine Occasu (Latin: Splendour without diminishment) Official languages English Capital Victoria Largest city Vancouver Lieutenant-Governor Iona Campagnolo Premier Gordon Campbell (BC Liberal) Parliamentary representation  - House seat  - Senate seats 36 6 Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 5th 944,735 km² 2. ... Leo Tolstoy, pictured late in life Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy (?) (Russian: Лев Никола́евич Толсто́й; commonly referred to in English as Leo Tolstoy) (September 9, 1828 – November 20, 1910, N.S.; August 28, 1828 – November 7, 1910, O.S.) was a Russian novelist, social reformer, pacifist, Christian anarchist, vegetarian, moral thinker and an influential... Peter Kropotkin Prince Peter Alexeevich Kropotkin (In Russian Пётр Алексе́евич Кропо́ткин) (December 9, 1842 - February 8, 1921) was one of Russias foremost anarchists and one of the first advocates of what he called anarchist communism: the model of society he advocated for most of his life was that of a communalist society... The Mennonites are a group of Christian Anabaptist denominations based on the teachings and tradition of Menno Simons. ...

Catholic Worker Movement

The Catholic Worker Movement, founded by Dorothy Day and Peter Maurin on May 1, 1933, is a Christian movement dedicated to nonviolence and simple living. Over 130 Catholic Worker communities exist in the United States where "houses of hospitality" care for the homeless. The Joe Hill House of hospitality (which closed in 1968) in Salt Lake City, Utah featured an enormous twelve feet by fifteen foot mural of Jesus Christ and Joe Hill. Logo of Catholic Worker The Catholic Worker Movement was founded by Dorothy Day and Peter Maurin in 1933. ... Dorothy Day was declared Servant of God when a cause for sainthood was opened for her by Pope John Paul II. Dorothy Day (November 8, 1897 - November 29, 1980) was a journalist turned social activist and devout member of the Catholic Church. ... Peter Maurin was co-founder, with Dorothy Day, of The Catholic Worker Movement in 1933. ... May 1 is the 121st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (122nd in leap years). ... 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... Simple living (also known as voluntary simplicity or voluntary poverty) is a lifestyle that adherents claim various reasons for pursuing, such as spiritual, health and ecological motivations or a dislike of modern Western consumerist culture. ... The Joe Hill House was a Catholic Worker Movement house of hospitality in Salt Lake City, Utah co-founded in 1961 by Ammon Hennacy. ... 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1968 calendar). ... Joe Hill Joe Hill, born Joel Emmanuel Hägglund, and also known as Joseph Hillström (October 7, 1879 – November 19, 1915) was an American labor activist and member of the Industrial Workers of the World, better known as the Wobblies. ...

The Catholic Worker Movement has consistently protested against war and violence for over seven decades. Many of the leading figures in the movement have been both anarchists and pacifists. Catholic Worker Ammon Hennacy defined Christian anarchism as: Ammon Hennacy Ammon Hennacy (July 24, 1893 - January 14, 1970) was a pacifist, Christian anarchist, vegetarian, social activist, member of the Catholic Worker Movement and was known for establishing the Joe Hill House of Hospitality in Salt Lake City, Utah and never paying taxes. ...

"...being based upon the answer of Jesus to the Pharisees when Jesus said that he without sin should be the first to cast the stone, and upon the Sermon on the Mount which advises the return of good for evil and the turning of the other cheek. Therefore, when we take any part in government by voting for legislative, judicial, and executive officials, we make these men our arm by which we cast a stone and deny the Sermon on the Mount.

The dictionary definition of a Christian is one who follows Christ; kind, kindly, Christ-like. Anarchism is voluntary cooperation for good, with the right of secession. A Christian anarchist is therefore one who turns the other cheek, overturns the tables of the moneychangers, and does not need a cop to tell him how to behave. A Christian anarchist does not depend upon bullets or ballots to achieve his ideal; he achieves that ideal daily by the One-Man Revolution with which he faces a decadent, confused, and dying world".

It is important to note that Maurin and Day were both involved in the Catholic Church and believed in the institution, thus showing it is possible to be a Christian anarchist and still choose to remain within the Church. The Pharisees (from the Hebrew perushim, from parash, meaning to separate) were, depending on the time, a political party, a social movement, and a school of thought among Jews that flourished during the Second Temple Era (536 BCE–70 CE). ... The Sermon on the Mount by Carl Heinrich Bloch. ...

Spirituality

New Age describes a broad movement of the late 20th century and contemporary Western culture. It is characterised by an eclectic and individual approach to spiritual exploration, such as mixing Christian principles with meditation and yoga practices from the East. One could describe Spirituality as anarchic, as it's based on individual freedom and choice rather than keeping within rigid boundaries. The emphasis in Spirituality is on listening to within and personally connecting with the Divine, rather than following any set traditions, rituals or doctrines. New Age describes a broad movement characterized by alternative approaches to traditional Western culture. ... Leonardo da Vincis Vitruvian Man, for many a symbol of the changes of the Western culture during the Renaissance Western culture refers to the culture that has developed in the Western world. ... Eclecticism is an approach to thought that does not hold rigidly to a single paradigm or set of assumptions or conclusions, but instead draws upon multiple theories to gain complementary insights into phenomena, or applies only certain theories in particular cases. ... According to Bogart (1991) and Perez-De-Albeniz & Holmes (2000) the different techniques of meditation can be classified according to their focus. ... // Yoga practice and intention Modern yoga practice often includes traditional elements inherited from Hinduism, such as moral and ethical principles, postures designed to keep the body fit, spiritual philosophy, instruction by a guru, chanting of mantras (sacred syllables), quieting the breath, and stilling the mind through meditation. ... The term Eastern can have multiple meanings depending on its context. ... ...

Anarchist Biblical views and principles

Many Christian anarchists hold a higher critical view of the Bible and therefore do not feel obliged to follow the complete text as law. They base their beliefs on what they think are the simple principles and historic messages of Jesus, rather than obediently following every passage in the Christian Bible. Leo Tolstoy and Ammon Hennacy subscribed to this philosophy. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with The Historical-Critical Method. ... These five broad types of question are called analytical or logical, epistemological, ethical, metaphysical, and aesthetic respectively. ...

A few of the key historic messages Christian anarchists practice are the principles of nonviolence, nonresistance and turning the other cheek, which are illustrated in many passages of the New Testament and Old Testament (e.g. the sixth commandment, Exodus 20:13 and Deuteronomy 5:17, "Thou shall not kill"). Many Christian anarchists, such as Tolstoy and Hennacy, even extend this belief to include animals through vegetarianism or veganism. Nonviolence (or non-violence) is a set of assumptions about morality, power and conflict that leads its proponents to reject the use of violence in efforts to attain social or political goals. ... Nonresistance (or non-resistance) is a sub-type of nonviolence that strictly limits resistance to the enemy. ... Turn the other cheek is a famous phrase taken from the Christian New Testament, Matthew 5:39-40, when Jesus says: But I tell you, do not resist an evil person. ... // What is the New Testament? The New Testament, sometimes called the Greek Testament or Greek Scriptures, is the name given to the part of the Christian Bible that was written after the birth of Jesus. ... Note: Judaism uses the term Tanakh instead of Old Testament, because it does not recognize the New Testament as being part of the Biblical canon. ... Vegetarianism is the practice of not eating meat, beef, poultry, fish or their by-products, with or without the use of dairy products or eggs [1]. The exclusion may also extend to products derived from animal carcasses, such as lard, tallow, gelatin, rennet and cochineal. ... The logo of the worlds first Vegan Society, registered in 1944 [1] Veganism is a lifestyle characterized by abstinence from the use or ingestion of animal products and by avoidance of products that have been tested on animals. ...

Some regard groups like the Amish and Mennonites, who even though they may not see themselves as such, as anarchists by their complete dedication to pacifism and opposition to participate in coercion or violence sanctioned by the state. However many Mennonites vote, participate in political campaigns, even run for public office, accept protection by police and governmental institutions, or serve on juries which are ostensibly not characteristic of anarchists. Being pacifists though limits their participation in the state. Amish couple in a horse-drawn buggy in rural Holmes County, Ohio, the site of one of the largest concentrations of Amish in the United States The Amish are a denomination of Anabaptists noted for their restrictions on the use of modern devices such as automobiles and electricity. ... The Mennonites are a group of Christian Anabaptist (Re-baptizers) denominations named after and influenced by the teachings and tradition of Menno Simons (1496-1561). ...

More recently, the anarchist wing of the libertarian movement has gained some followers from Christian fundamentalism, influencing them to study some writings of historical anarchists like Tolstoy, Lysander Spooner and Peter Kropotkin. This new group, who have taken the name Christian anarchists, also include anarcho-capitalists who are outside the historical anarchist movement. Unlike traditional Christian anarchists, many of these people are not strict pacifists. Many believe the right to self-defense exists for individuals, but do not believe the state should organise a military force for mutual self-defense, as statists advocate. They argue war is essentially about power and domination in which the opposition is dehumanized through propaganda and nationalistic patriotism. Many Christian anarchists consider that this group is more related to fundamentalism than to pacifism and radical Christianity. See also Libertarianism and Libertarian Party Libertarian,is a term for person who has made a conscious and principled commitment, evidenced by a statement or Pledge, to forswear violating others rights and usually living in voluntary communities: thus in law no longer subject to government supervision. ... This article concerns the self-labelled Fundamentalist Movement in Protestant Christianity. ... Lysander Spooner (January 19, 1808 - May 14, 1887) was an American political philosopher, abolitionist, and legal theorist of the 19th century. ... Peter Kropotkin Prince Peter Alexeevich Kropotkin (In Russian Пётр Алексе́евич Кропо́ткин) (December 9, 1842 - February 8, 1921) was one of Russias foremost anarchists and one of the first advocates of what he called anarchist communism: the model of society he advocated for most of his life was that of a communalist society... Anarcho-capitalism is a view that regards all forms of the state as unnecessary and harmful, particularly in matters of justice and self-defense, while being highly supportive of private property. ... Self defense refers to actions taken by a person to defend onself, ones property or ones home. ... Statism is a term that is used in a variety of disciplines (economics, sociology, education policy etc) to describe a system that involves a significant interventionist role for the state in economic or social affairs. ... North Korean propaganda showing a soldier destroying the United States Capitol building. ... Defense of the homeland is a commonplace of military patriotism: commemorating the students at the École Polytechnique, Paris, 1814 Patriotism denotes positive attitudes by a individuals to their own nation, to its national homeland, its culture, its members, and to its interests. ... In comparative religion, fundamentalism has come to refer to several different understandings of religious thought and practice, including literal interpretation of sacred texts such as the Bible or the Quran and sometimes also anti-modernist movements in various religions. ...

One challenge to the legitimacy of states and state control is found in Luke 4:5-8, during the Temptation of Christ, where the Bible quotes Satan as claiming dominion over all the nations of the earth and Jesus replies that not only will he not worship before Satan, but that God is the only authority to be "served". This passage does not directly refer to human rulers. However sometimes it may be necessary to disobey human rulers in order to obey God (Acts 4:19). Gustave Dores depiction of Satan from John Miltons Paradise Lost Satan (שָׂטָן Standard Hebrew Satan, Greek and Latin Sátanas, Tiberian Hebrew Śāṭān; Aramaic שִׂטְנָא Śaṭanâ: both words mean Adversary; accuser) is an angel, demon, or minor god in many religions. ...

The most common challenge for the Biblical literalists is integrating the passage in Romans 13:1-7 where Paul defends obedience to "governing authorities." Christian anarchists argue that this chapter is particularly worded to make it clear that organizations like the Roman Empire cannot qualify as governing authorities. If it could, then, according to Paul, "they [Christians] would have praise from the authorities" for doing good. Instead the early Christians were persecuted by the Roman Empire for doing good, and became martyrs. Further, the "governing authorities" that are legitimate in the passage were never given the authority to make laws, merely to enforce the natural laws against "doing harm to a neighbor" in verses 8-10. This interpretation makes all statute laws of states illegitimate. For other uses, see Roman Empire (disambiguation) The Roman Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Ancient Roman polity in the centuries following its reorganization under the leadership of Octavian (better known as Augustus), until its radical reformation in what was later to be known as the Byzantine... Historically, a martyr is a person who dies for their religious faith, such as when the early Christians were persecuted by the Roman Empire. ... The natural law or law of nature is a system of the justice that exists independently of the positive law of a given political order. ...

Biblical passages cited by anarchists

• Thou shall not kill (Exodus 20:13).
• Put your sword back in its place, for all who draw the sword will die by the sword (Matthew 26:52).
• Do to others what you would have them do to you (Matthew 7:12).
• Love your neighbour as yourself (Mark 12:31).
• Love your enemies, do good to those who hate you (Luke 6:27).
• But I tell you, do not resist an evil person. If someone strikes you on the right cheek, turn to him the other also (Matthew 5:39).
• My kingdom is not of this world (John 18:36).
• We must obey God rather than men (Acts 5:29).
• For our struggle is not against flesh and blood, but against the rulers, against the authorities, against the powers of this dark world and against the spiritual forces of evil in the heavenly realms (Ephesians 6:12).

Anarchist Biblical interpretations

• To seek rule by man is to reject the rule of God (1 Samuel 8).
• Honest people are too busy making an honest living to accept political power, so only the corruptible will accept political power (The Parable of the Trees Judges 9:7-15).
• The devil controls man-made governments (Matthew 4:8-10).
• The gentiles have rulers over them, but it shall not be so among Christians (Mark 10:42-45). (Notice that the word for rulers here in the Greek version is archos. Therefore some say Christians are by simple deduction an-archos or in English anarchists).

Quotes

• All violence consists in some people forcing others, under threat of suffering or death, to do what they do not want to do - Leo Tolstoy.
• In all history there is no war which was not hatched by the governments, the governments alone, independent of the interests of the people, to whom war is always pernicious even when successful - Leo Tolstoy.
• Everyone thinks of changing the world, but no one thinks of changing himself - Leo Tolstoy.
• In the name of God, stop a moment, cease your work, look around you - Leo Tolstoy.
• Oh, judge, your damn laws: the good people don't need them and the bad people don't follow them, so what good are they? - Ammon Hennacy.
• An anarchist is anyone who doesn't need a cop to tell him what to do - Ammon Hennacy.
• Being a pacifist between wars is as easy as being a vegetarian between meals - Ammon Hennacy.

Thinkers

Søren Kierkegaard

Søren Kierkegaard (1813 - 1855), a Danish philosopher and theologian who some consider to be the archetypal Christian anarchist for his theory that the claims culture and state make on an individual lie in opposition to the claim God makes on all people. Kierkegaard advocated perfect obedience to God even if that conflicted with the bourgois customs, secular law and government. He has been compared to Max Stirner, the great individualist anarchist. Kierkegaard is regarded as the father of Christian existentialism. Søren Kierkegaard was born to an affluent family in Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark. ... Max Stirner, as portrayed by Friedrich Engels. ... In politics, individualist anarchism is a variety of anarchism that emphasises the importance of the individual. ... Christian existentialism is a school of thought founded by the Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard. ...

Henry David Thoreau

Henry David Thoreau (1817 - 1862) was an American author, pacifist, nature lover, tax resister and individualist anarchist. He was an advocate of civil disobedience and a lifelong abolitionist, who dreamt of the world becoming a utopia. Though not commonly regarded as a Christian anarchist, his essay Civil Disobedience (available at wikisource) is accredited with inspiring some of Leo Tolstoy's ideas. Henry David Thoreau Henry David Thoreau (July 12, 1817 – May 6, 1862; born David Henry Thoreau) was an American author, naturalist, transcendentalist, pacifist, tax resister and philosopher who is famous for Walden (available at wikisource) on simple living amongst nature and Civil Disobedience (available at wikisource) on resistance to civil... Pacifism is opposition to war. ... A tax resister resists or refuses payment of a tax because of opposition to the institution collecting the tax. ... In politics, individualist anarchism is a variety of anarchism that emphasises the importance of the individual. ... It has been suggested that Civil and social disobedience be merged into this article or section. ... This poster depicting the horrific conditions on slave ships was influential in mobilizing public opinion against slavery in the United Kingdom and the United States. ... Utopian, in its most common and general positive meaning, refers to the human efforts to create a better, or perhaps perfect society. ... Henry David Thoreau Civil Disobedience is an essay (available at Wikisource), written by noted philosopher Henry David Thoreau. ...

Leo Tolstoy

Leo Tolstoy (1828 - 1910) is notable for having written extensively on his anarchist principles, which he arrived at via his Christian faith. Notably his books The Kingdom of God is Within You [5], The Gospel in Brief and Christianity and Patriotism which critised government and the Church in general. He called for a society based on compassion, nonviolent principles and freedom. Tolstoy was a pacifist and a vegetarian. His vision for an equitable society was an anarchist version of Georgism, to which he mentions specifically in his novel Resurrection. Leo Tolstoy, pictured late in life Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy (?) (Russian: Лев Никола́евич Толсто́й; commonly referred to in English as Leo Tolstoy) (September 9, 1828 – November 20, 1910, N.S.; August 28, 1828 – November 7, 1910, O.S.) was a Russian novelist, social reformer, pacifist, Christian anarchist, vegetarian, moral thinker and an influential... The 1st English edition of The Kingdom of God is Within You, 1894 The Kingdom of God is Within You is a non-fiction work written by Leo Tolstoy and was first published in Germany in 1894, after being banned in his home country of Russia. ... Pacifism is opposition to war. ... Vegetarianism is the practice of not eating meat, beef, poultry, fish or their by-products, with or without the use of dairy products or eggs [1]. The exclusion may also extend to products derived from animal carcasses, such as lard, tallow, gelatin, rennet and cochineal. ... Georgism, named after Henry George (1839-1897), is a philosophy and economic ideology that follows from the belief that everyone owns what they create, but everything supplied by nature, most importantly land, belongs equally to all humanity. ... Resurrection, first published in 1899, was the third and last novel written by Leo Tolstoy. ...

Nikolai Berdyaev

Nikolai Berdyaev (1874 - 1948), the orthodox Christian philosopher has been called the philosopher of freedom and is known as a Christian existentialist. He does not advocate anarchic chaos but is a supporter of anarchism, even though he wrote that "the Kingdom of God is based on anarchy". He believed that freedom ultimately comes from God, in opposition to other anarchists such as Mikhail Bakunin who have suggested that freedom comes from nature. Nikolai Berdyaev Nikolai Alexandrovich Berdyaev (Николай Александрович Бердяев) (March 18, 1874 – March 24, 1948) was a Russian religious and political philosopher. ... Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin (Trolo) (Russian — Михаил Александрович Бакунин, Michel Bakunin — on the grave in Bern), (May 30, 1814–June 13, 1876) was a well known Russian anarchist. ...

Ammon Hennacy

Ammon Hennacy (1893 - 1970) is notable for writing extensively on his work with the Catholic Workers and at the Joe Hill House of Hospitality. He was a practicing anarchist, draft dodger, vegetarian and tax resister. He also tried to reduce his tax liability by taking up a lifestyle of simple living and bartering. His autobiography The Book of Ammon describes his work in nonviolent, anarchist, social action, and provides insight into the lives of Christian anarchists in the United States of the 20th century. His other books are One Man Revolution in America and The Autobiography of a Catholic Anarchist. Ammon Hennacy is also noted for several famous quotations dealing with force, law, and state powers which continue to inspire nonviolent anarchist action today. Ammon Hennacy Ammon Hennacy (July 24, 1893 - January 14, 1970) was a pacifist, Christian anarchist, vegetarian, social activist, member of the Catholic Worker Movement and was known for establishing the Joe Hill House of Hospitality in Salt Lake City, Utah and never paying taxes. ... A tax is a compulsory charge or other levy imposed on an individual or a legal entity by a state or a functional equivalent of a state (e. ... Simple living (also known as voluntary simplicity or voluntary poverty) is a lifestyle that adherents claim various reasons for pursuing, such as spiritual, health and ecological motivations or a dislike of modern Western consumerist culture. ... Barter is a type of trade where goods or services are exchanged for a certain amount of other goods or services, i. ...

Jacques Ellul

Jacques Ellul (1912 - 1994) was a French thinker, sociologist, theologian and Christian anarchist. He wrote several books against the "technological society", and some about Christianity and politics, like Anarchy and Christianity (1991) explaining that anarchism and Christianity are socially following the same goal. Jacques Ellul Jacques Ellul (January 6, 1912–May 19, 1994) was a French philosopher, sociologist, theologian, and Christian anarchist. ...

Thomas J. Hagerty

Thomas J. Hagerty was a Catholic priest from New Mexico, USA, and one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW). Hagerty is credited with writing the IWW Preamble, assisting in the composition of the Industrial Union Manifesto and drawing up the first chart of industrial organization. He was ordained in 1892 but his formal association with the church ended when he was suspended by his archbishop for urging miners in Colorado to revolt during his tour of mining camps in 1903. Hagerty is not commonly regarded as a Christian anarchist in the Tolstoyan tradition but rather an anarcho-syndicalist. Christian anarchists like Dorothy Day and Ammon Hennacy have been members of the Industrial Workers of the World and found common cause with the axiom "an injury to one is an injury to all." Thomas J. Hagerty Father Thomas J. Hagerty was a Catholic priest from New Mexico, USA, and one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW). ... The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW or the Wobblies) is an international union headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. It contends that all workers should be united within a single union as a class and the wage system abolished. ... 1892 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1903 (MCMIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... The adjective Tolstoyan (also spelled Tolstoian) refers to the author Leo Tolstoy. ... Anarcho-syndicalism is a branch of anarchism which focuses on the labor movement, hence the syndicalism qualification. ... In epistemology, an axiom is a self-evident truth upon which other knowledge must rest, from which other knowledge is built up. ...

Other Christian anarchists

• Philip Berrigan was an internationally renowned peace activist and Roman Catholic priest. He and his brother Daniel Berrigan were on the FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list for "illegal" nonviolent actions against war. Philip was twice nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize.
• Roy Bourgeois after leaving the US armed forces gained experience in South America as a missionary and agitated against the inhuman practices of those trained in the School of the Americas [6].
• Dorothy Day of the Catholic Worker Movement.

Philip Berrigan Philip Berrigan (October 5, 1923 - December 6, 2002) was an internationally renowned peace activist, Christian anarchist and Roman Catholic priest. ... A peace activist is a political activist who strives for peace, and against war. ... This article considers Catholicism in the broadest ecclesiastical sense. ... Daniel Berrigan (born May 9, 1921) is an internationally renowned peace activist and Roman Catholic priest. ... On March 14, 1950, the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) began its Ten Most Wanted Fugitives List to increase law enforcements ability to capture dangerous fugitives. ... Nonviolence (or non-violence) is a set of assumptions about morality, power and conflict that leads its proponents to reject the use of violence in efforts to attain social or political goals. ... The Nobel Peace Prize Medal featuring a portrait of Alfred Nobel The Nobel Peace Prize is one of five Nobel Prizes bequested by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel. ... Roy Bourgeois Father Roy Bourgeois, M.M. is an American priest in the Maryknoll order of the Roman Catholic Church and founder of the human rights group SOA Watch. ... The Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation (WHISC), formerly School of the Americas (SOA), is a US Army facility at Fort Benning in Columbus, Georgia, USA. It is a training facility operated in the Spanish language especially for Latin American military personnel. ... Dorothy Day was declared Servant of God when a cause for sainthood was opened for her by Pope John Paul II. Dorothy Day (November 8, 1897 - November 29, 1980) was a journalist turned social activist and devout member of the Catholic Church. ... Logo of Catholic Worker The Catholic Worker Movement was founded by Dorothy Day and Peter Maurin in 1933. ...

Criticism

Passages such as Romans 13:1-7, 1 Peter 2:13-17 and Mark 12:13-17 show that it is appropriate to submit to human governments, and that these have roles in restraining evil. Christian anarchists counter this by stating that submission and obedience are not the same thing and that these passages reflect a call for Christians to submit to persecution at the hands of government while offering obedience only to God. They argue that when these passages are taken in context they highlight Christ's example of self-sacrifice and his loving submission to oppressors rather than returning evil for evil. A case for this is argued here: Deconstructing Romans 13: Verse 1-2

Organisations

• Christian Peacemaker Teams
• Life and Labor Commune
• Peace churches
• Plowshares Movement
• Tolstoyan Moscow Society

Christian Peacemaker Teams is an international organization set up to support teams of peace workers in conflict areas around the world. ... The Life and Labor Commune was a Tolstoyan agricultural commune founded in 1921 and disbanded as a state run collective farm in 1937. ... A peace church is a Christian group in the pacifist tradition. ... Daniel Berrigan (Born May 9, 1921) is an internationally renowned peace activist and Roman Catholic priest. ...

See also

• Mahatma Gandhi (1929) The Story of My Experiments with Truth (available at wikisource)
• Richard Bach (1970) Jonathan Livingston Seagull
• Franco Zeffirelli (1977) Jesus of Nazareth
• Richard Attenborough (1982) Gandhi
• Paulo Coelho (1988) The Alchemist
• Christian vegetarianism
• Popular opposition to the 2003 Iraq War

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (October 2, 1869–January 30, 1948) (Devanagari, Hindi: मोहनदास करमचन्द गांधी,Gujarati:મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી) was the spiritual and political leader of India who led the struggle for Indias independence from the British Empire, empowered by tens of millions of Indians. ... -1... Mahatma Gandhi drafting a document at Birla House, Mumbai, Aug 1942. ... Richard Bach (born June 23, 1936) is an American writer. ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... Jonathan Livingston Seagull was first published in 1970 and is the work of Richard Bach. ... Gianfranco Corsi (born February 12, 1923), better known as Franco Zeffirelli, is an Italian film director. ... For the album by Ash, see 1977 (album). ... Picture of Robert Powell playing Jesus of Nazareth. ... Richard Samuel Attenborough, Baron Attenborough, CBE (born 29 August 1923) is a prolific English actor, director and film producer. ... 1982 (MCMLXXXII) is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Gandhi (1982) is an Anglo-Indian film, directed by Richard Attenborough, about the life of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (also known as Mahatma Gandhi, Great Soul), leader of the nonviolent resistance movement against British colonial rule in India during the first half of the 20th century. ... Paulo Coelho (born August 24, 1947) is a famous Brazilian lyricist and novelist. ... 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on a Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... For similarly-named works, see The Alchemist (disambiguation) for this title The Alchemist is a book that was first published in Brazil in 1988 and is the most famous work of author Paulo Coelho. ... Christian vegetarianism is the dietary practice of vegetarianism or veganism based on the belief that Jesus, the twelve apostles and the early Messianic Jewish followers of Jesus (the Ebionites) were vegetarians. ... This article is about the 2003 invasion of Iraq. ...

Reference

• Leo Tolstoy (1894). The Kingdom of God is Within You [7]. ISBN 0803294042
• Ammon Hennacy (1994). The Book of Ammon. Fortkamp/Rose Hill.
• Dave Andrews (1999). Christi-anarchy: Discovering a radical spirituality of compassion. Lion Publishing. ISBN 0745942342

Leo Tolstoy, pictured late in life Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy (?) (Russian: Лев Никола́евич Толсто́й; commonly referred to in English as Leo Tolstoy) (September 9, 1828 – November 20, 1910, N.S.; August 28, 1828 – November 7, 1910, O.S.) was a Russian novelist, social reformer, pacifist, Christian anarchist, vegetarian, moral thinker and an influential... 1894 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... The 1st English edition of The Kingdom of God is Within You, 1894 The Kingdom of God is Within You is a non-fiction work written by Leo Tolstoy and was first published in Germany in 1894, after being banned in his home country of Russia. ... Ammon Hennacy Ammon Hennacy (July 24, 1893 - January 14, 1970) was a pacifist, Christian anarchist, vegetarian, social activist, member of the Catholic Worker Movement and was known for establishing the Joe Hill House of Hospitality in Salt Lake City, Utah and never paying taxes. ... 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International year of the Family. ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) is a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ...

External links

• Catholic Workers
• Christian anarchism Yahoo! Group community
• Compassionate Spirit
• Jesus Radicals
• Kingdom Now! Radical Christian Community
• Liberals Like Christ
• Lovarchy - Anarchy with a heart
• The Apostles Creed
• The Ekklesia Project
• Jesus Is an Anarchist
• The Kingdom of God Is Within You by Leo Tolstoy - Free e-text English translation
• Vine & Fig Tree - The Christian Anarchist
• Directory of Catholic Worker Communities
• Tolstoy's Legacy for Mankind: A Manifesto for Nonviolence, Part 1
• Tolstoy's Legacy for Mankind: A Manifesto for Nonviolence, Part 2

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