Kristina Nilsdotter of Tullgarn

Kristina (or Kerstin) Nilsdotter of Fogelvik, Heiress of Tullgarn, whom later generations have named Kristina Gyllenstierna (in her lifetime called "Fru Kristina") (1494-1559), was wife of the Swedish regent Sten Sture the Younger, and after his death herself regent and organiser of the defence against the attack from Denmark. She is one of the most important women in the history of Sweden, and regarded as a national heroine; statues are made to her memory. Image File history File links Kristina Nilsdotter Gyllenstierna, wife of Swedish regent Stenn Sture the younger Source: Svenska Familj-Journalen File links The following pages link to this file: Christina Gyllenstierna ... Image File history File links Kristina Nilsdotter Gyllenstierna, wife of Swedish regent Stenn Sture the younger Source: Svenska Familj-Journalen File links The following pages link to this file: Christina Gyllenstierna ... 1494 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... January 15 - Elizabeth I of England is crowned in Westminster Abbey. ... Sten Sture the Younger, or Sten Sture den yngre, Swedish statesman and regent of Sweden, under the Kalmar Union, 1512 - February 5, 1520. ... Sir Galahad, a hero of Arthurian legend In many myths and folk tales, a hero is a man or woman (the latter often called a heroine), traditionally the protagonist of a story, legend or saga, commonly possessed of abilities or character far greater than that of a typical person, which...

Background

Kristina was a great-granddaughter of king Charles VIII of Sweden (through her father, a younger son of Christina Karlsdotter Bonde, for whom Christina was named). She was in 1511 married to young Sten Svantesson (who took the surname Sture) partly to strengthen his political position. Charles VIII of Sweden, Charles I of Norway, a. ... Year 1511 (MDXI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ...

She was from an originally Danish family: her grandfather Erik Eriksen of Demstrup ("Gyldenstjerne") was from Danish (Jutish) ancestry and acquainted with Sweden due to the Kalmar Union that then joined these realms and made officials move between capitals. When the Union began to dissolve, he allied with the future king Charles. As reward, Charles's daughter, the heiress of Fogelvik, was married to him and he ultimately became the High Steward of Charles' court. Jutlandic or Jutish (jysk in Danish), is a term for the dialects of Danish spoken on the peninsula of Jutland. ... The Kalmar Union flag. ...

Kristina's mother was Sigrid Eskilsdotter of Venngarn, Heiress of Lindholm (whose daughter from another marriage was Cecilia Månsdotter of Eka, Gustav I's mother) and her father was Niels Eriksen, Lord of Tullgarn (also written Nils Eriksson, and surnamed Gyllenstjerna by later centuries). Kristina's family belonged to the highest Swedish nobility of this Regency era. Cecilia MÃ¥nsdotter, wife of Erik Johansson (Vasa) and mother of Gustav Eriksson (Vasa), was born around 1476 in Eka, Lillkyrka or what is now known as Eka, Örebro (Swedish: Örebro Län) in Sweden. ... Gustav I of Sweden, Gustav Vasa or Gustav Eriksson Vasa (1496 - 1560), became king of Sweden in 1523 and was the first monarch of the house of Vasa. ...

Sten Sture, her husband, stepped up to the regency quite young, upon the death of his father Svante Nilsson, the regent. At that time there was an attempt to choose a rival, Eric Trolle, a more Danish-leaning High Councillor and a clearly older, mature figure. Svante Nilsson, (1460 – January 2, 1512) was a Swedish statesman and regent of Sweden under the Kalmar Union, 1504 - January 2, 1512. ... Erik Trolle (died 1530), elected regent of Sweden, under the Kalmar Union, in 1512. ...

Rebellion and struggle

Sten Sture was mortally wounded at the Battle of Bogesund, on January 19, 1520 and the Danish army, unopposed, was approaching Uppsala, where the members of the Swedish High Council, had assembled. The councillors consented to render homage to Christian II, on condition that he give a full indemnity for the past and a guarantee that Sweden should be ruled according to Swedish laws and custom; a convention to this effect was confirmed by the king and the Danish High Council on March 31. The Battle of Bogesund was an important conflict in the campaign of Christian II to gain power over Sweden. ... is the 19th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1520 (MDXX) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... Uppsala (older spelling Upsala) is a city in central Sweden, located about 70 km north of Stockholm. ... The High Council of Sweden or Council of the Realm (in Swedish Riksrådet until 1687; sometimes Latinised as Senatus Regni Sueciae) consisted originally of those men of both noble, common and clergical background, that the king saw fit for advisory service. ... Christian II (July 2, 1481 – January 25, 1559) was a Danish monarch and King of Denmark, Norway (1513 – 1523) and Sweden (1520 – 1521), under the Kalmar Union. ... is the 90th day of the year (91st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Kristina held out stoutly at Stockholm, and the peasantry of central Sweden, roused by her patriotism, flew to arms, defeated the Danish invaders at Balundsås on March 19, and were only with the utmost difficulty finally defeated at the bloody Battle of Uppsala, on Good Friday, April 6, 1520. For other uses, see Stockholm (disambiguation). ... is the 78th day of the year (79th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Good Friday, also called Holy Friday or Great Friday, is the Friday preceding Easter Sunday. ... is the 96th day of the year (97th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1520 (MDXX) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ...

In May the Danish fleet arrived, and Stockholm was invaded by land and sea; but Kristina resisted valiantly for four months longer, and took care, when she surrendered on September 7, 1520 to exact beforehand an amnesty of the most explicit and absolute character. She had surrendered after great starvation and suffering within the city walls. is the 250th day of the year (251st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1520 (MDXX) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ...

During all this, Ebba Eriksdotter Bielke defended and commanded the city of Kalmar in the same fashion. Kalmar is a city in Småland in south east Sweden, situated by the Baltic Sea. ...

After the defeat

On November 1 the representatives of the nation swore their allegiance to King Christian, who crowned himself king of Sweden in Storkyrkan and invited the nobility to great festivities to celebrate the coronation. At a grand ball, he danced with Kristina. The festivities lasted for three days. is the 305th day of the year (306th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ...

On November 7, King Christian summoned the Swedish nobility to a meeting. Lady Kristina, as well as several other influential women, were also invited. When they arrived, the doors were shut and guards set in place. The king accused them all of the deposition of the bishop Trolle, a Danish loyalist. Lady Kristina stepped forward and stated that it would not be possible for the king to punish them for this; the document to depose the bishop had been signed by everyone in the room; and as the king had promised amnesty to everyone involved in the rebellion, and the deposition of the Danish bishop had been a part of the rebellion, it would not be possible to punish those involved. "We have proof," she added, "the document is here." At this, the document was brought forward. But there was one thing they had not considered. The deposition of a bishop was also a crime against the church, heresy; and the king had no authority to pardon them for that. Thereby, he could punish them for the rebellion without breaking his word of amnesty. So he took his revenge, now known under the name of the Stockholm Bloodbath. Kristina's husband's remains were excavated from his grave and burned publicly at the stake as a heretic, and her brother, Erik Nilsson, Lord of Tullgarn, was executed by beheading, as were many other Swedish magnates. Kristina inherited Tullgarn at that stage, little benefit as it then did her. For other uses, see Heresy (disambiguation). ... Stockholm Bloodbath - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ...

No woman was executed at the Bloodbath, but Kristina was very close to it; she was, after all, considered a great traitor and a rebellion leader, and as such King Christian called upon her and publicly asked her to choose: which did she prefer, to be burned at the stake or to be buried alive? Confronted with this choice, Kristina was unable to reply and fainted with horror. This demonstration of weakness was perhaps her salvation, as King Christian was then advised to change his mind and treat her like a "weak woman" instead. She also agreed to pay him a large part of her property. Another woman almost executed was Sigrid Eskilsdotter Banér, who was almost executed by drowning when she in the last moment agreed to pay the king her property.

Kristina, with a good number of noble ladies of Sweden, (among them being Sigrid Eskilsdotter Banér and the mother and sisters of Gustav Vasa), was taken captive and held in the feared and infamous "Blue Tower" in Copenhagen Castle, Denmark, from 1521. Kristina had the company of her two little son's in the prison. Only after a few years did the new kings of Denmark and Sweden reach an agreement that they were to be returned to their families in Sweden in 1525. Before she returned, she turned down the proposal of the powerful Søren Norrby; it was rumored, that she had intended to marry Norrby as a mean to conquer the Swedish throne for her and her children: Gustav Vasa interrogated her about this, but she denied it. Gustav Vasa, originally Gustav Eriksson Vasa (May 12, 1496–September 29, 1560) was King of Sweden from 1523 until his death. ... Christiansborg Palace Christiansborg Palace Christiansborg Palace at night Christiansborg Palace on Slotsholmen in central Copenhagen is the home of Denmarks three supreme powers: the royal power, the legislative power, and the judicial power. ... Events January 21 - The Swiss Anabaptist Movement was born when Conrad Grebel, Felix Manz, George Blaurock, and about a dozen others baptized each other in the home of Manzs mother on Neustadt-Gasse, Zürich, breaking a thousand-year tradition of church-state union. ...

Later life and family

In 1527 Kristina remarried, to Johan Turesson, Lord of Falun. Gustav Vasa saw her as a threat when she first returned, as she was as great a national-symbol as he was, and the marriage was arranged as a form of retirement for her; she thereby promised not to involve herself further in politics. In 1527, a rebellion broke out in Dalarna in Sweden lead by the so called Daljunkern (The Youngster from Dalarna), claiming to be the son of Sten Sture and Christina Gyllenstierna and draw followers from among others those who opposed the reformation just staged by the king, and in 1528, King Gustav had captured Daljunkern; he had Christina write a statement where she declared that Daljunkern was not her son but:"To my knowledge a thief and impostor", and daljunkern was thereby decapitated. Events June 19 - Battle of Landriano - A French army in Italy under Marshal St. ...

From her first marriage she had two sons: Nils and Svante Sture, the latter of whom later was elevated to 1st Count of Vestervik and Stegeholm by King Eric XIV. From the second marriage she had a son Gustaf Johansson who at the same time became Count of Enköping (later changed to county of Bogesund). Through daughters of these two counts, Kristina became within a century an ancestress of most of Sweden's highest nobility ^[1]. Her distant direct descendant, Sibylla of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha married Prince Gustav Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten, and with Sibylla's son, king Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden, Kristina's blood returned to the Swedish throne. Nils Stensson Sture (born 1512, died either before 1527 or in 1528) may have been the Daljunkern, a revolt-leader in Sweden. ... Svante Nilsson, (1460 – January 2, 1512), Swedish statesman and regent of Sweden, under the Kalmar Union, 1504 - January 2, 1512. ... This article is about the style or title of nobility. ... Sudreim-Bjarkoy-Giske dynasty was a dynasty of claimants and heirs to the Norwegian throne in 14th and 15th centuries. ... Princess Sibylla of Sweden, Duchess of Västerbotten (born Princess Sibylla of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duchess in Saxony); 18 January 1908 – 28 November 1972) was the wife of Prince Gustav Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten. ... Gustaf Adolf, Gustaf Adolf Oscar Fredrik Arthur Edmund (April 22, 1906–January 26, 1947), Prince of Sweden, Duke of Västerbotten, was the eldest son of Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden and his first wife Princess Margaret of Connaught. ... Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden (Carl Gustaf Folke Hubertus; born 30 April 1946) is the current Swedish monarch and head of state of the Kingdom of Sweden. ...

See also

• Mette Dyre
• List of Swedish queens
• Ingeborg Tott
• Anna Leuhusen

This is a list of Swedish queens consort: Queen Blanka by Albert Edelfelt Christina Queen regnant of Sweden Hedwig Elizabeth Charlotte of Holstein-Gottorp. ... Ingeborg Åkesdotter (Tott), (born in the 1440s, dead in Jönköping in 1507), was the consort of the Swedish regent Sten Sture the elder from 1460; when her husband became regent in 1470, she became what would now be called first lady and functioned as the queen of Sweden...

References

• Herman Lindqvist, "Historien om Sverige", ("The History of Sweden"), (Swedish).
• Gert Z. Nordström, "Stockholms blodbad", ("Stockholm's Bloodbath"), (Swedish).
• Ohlmarks, Åke, "Alla Sveriges drottningar", ("All the queens of Sweden"), (Swedish).