Philip I of Hesse and Christine of Saxony, by Jost v. Hoff

Christine of Saxony (25 December 1505 – 15 April 1549) was a German noblewoman. Philip I of Hesse Philip I of Hesse, the Magnanimous (13 November 1504 - 31 March 1567), was a leading champion of the Reformation and one of the most important German rulers of the Renaissance. ... December 25 is the 359th day of the year (360th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 6 days remaining. ... 1505 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... April 15 is the 105th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (106th in leap years). ... Events July - Ketts Rebellion Francis Xavier arrives in Japan. ...

Christine was the daughter of George, Duke of Saxony "the Bearded", Duke of Saxony and Barbara of Poland, Her maternal grandparents were Kazimierz IV Jagiellon, king of Poland and Elisabeth of Austria. George the Bearded, Duke of Saxony (27 August 1471 - 17 April 1539), was duke of Saxony from 1500 to 1539. ... The Duchy of Saxony was a medieval Duchy covering the greater part of Northern Germany. ... Barbara of Poland (15 July 1478 — 15 February 1534) was a princess of Poland and a duchess of Saxony. ... Kazimierz IV Jagiellon ((?)Polish: , Lithuanian: ; 1427 - 1492), of the House of Jagiellons, was Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1440 and King of Poland from 1447 to his death. ... Archduchess Elisabeth of Austria (1435/36/possibly 1437 – 30 August 1505), (in Polish Elżbieta Rakuszanka, Hungarian: Erszebet), was a Polish-Lithuanian queen. ...

On 11 December 1523 in Hesse, she married Landgrave Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse, called "the Magnanimous". They had 10 children. December 11 is the 345th day (346th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events April - Battle of Villalar - Forces loyal to Emperor Charles V defeat the Comuneros, a league of urban bourgeois rebelling against Charles in Spain. ... Hesse (German: Hessen) is one of Germanys sixteen federal states (Bundesländer) and has an area of 21,110 km² and just over six million inhabitants. ... Philip I of Hesse Philip I of Hesse, the Magnanimous (13 November 1504 - 31 March 1567), was a leading champion of the Reformation and one of the most important German rulers of the Renaissance. ...

Somewhat interestingly, while married to Christine, Philip practised bigamy and had another 9 children with his other (morganatic) wife, Margarete von der Saale. Polygamy, literally many marriages in ancient Greek, is a marital practice in which a person has more than one spouse simultaneously (as opposed to monogamy where each person has a maximum of one spouse at any one time). ... A morganatic marriage is a type of marriage which can be contracted in certain countries, usually between persons of unequal social rank (unebenbürtig in German), which prevents the passage of the husbands titles and privileges to the wife and any children born of the marriage. ...

Children with Philip of Hesse

1. Agnes (31 May 1527 – 4 November 1555), married:
   1. in Marburg on 9 January 1541 to Elector Morice of Saxony;
   2. in Weimar on 26 May 1555 to Duke John Frederick II of Saxe-Gotha.
2. Anna (26 October 1529 – 10 July 1591), married on 24 February 1544 to Count palatine Wolfgang of Zweibrücken.
3. William IV of Hesse-Kassel (24 June 1532 – 25 August 1592).
4. Philipp Ludwig, died joung in 1535.
5. Barbara (8 April 1536 – 8 June 1597), married:
   1. in Reichenweier on 10 September 1555 to Duke Georg I of Württemberg;
   2. in Kassel on 11 November 1568 to Count Daniel of Waldeck.
6. Louis IV of Hesse-Marburg (27 May 1537 – 9 October 1604).
7. Elisabeth (13 February 1539 – 14 March 1582), married on 8 July 1560 to Louis VI, Elector Palatine.
8. Philip II of Hesse-Rheinfels (22 April 1541 – 20 November 1583).
9. Christine (29 June 1543 – 13 May 1604), married in Gottorp on 17 December 1564 to Duke Adolf of Holstein-Gottorp.
10. Georg I of Hesse-Darmstadt, "the Pious" (10 September 1547 – 7 February 1596).

May 31 is the 151st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (152nd in leap years), with 214 days remaining. ... Events January 5 - Felix Manz, co-founder of the Swiss Anabaptists, was drowned in the Limmat River in Zürich by the Zürich Reformed state church. ... November 4 is the 308th day of the year (309th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 57 days remaining. ... Events Russia breaks 60 year old truce with Sweden by attacking Finland February 2 - Diet of Augsburg begins February 4 - John Rogers becomes first Protestant martyr in England February 9 - Bishop of Gloucester John Hooper is burned at the stake May 23 - Paul IV becomes Pope. ... Marburg is a city in Hesse, Germany, on the Lahn river. ... January 9 is the 9th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events The first official translation of the entire Bible in Swedish February 12 - Pedro de Valdivia founds Santiago de Chile. ... Maurice of Saxony, born March 21, 1521, Freiberg, Saxony, died July 9, 1553, Sievershausen, Saxony Moritz von Sachsen Duke (1541–53) and later elector (1547–53) of Saxony, whose clever manipulation of alliances and disputes gained the Albertine branch of the Wettin dynasty extensive lands and the electoral dignity. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... May 26 is the 146th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (147th in leap years). ... Events Russia breaks 60 year old truce with Sweden by attacking Finland February 2 - Diet of Augsburg begins February 4 - John Rogers becomes first Protestant martyr in England February 9 - Bishop of Gloucester John Hooper is burned at the stake May 23 - Paul IV becomes Pope. ... October 26 is the 299th day of the year (300th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 66 days remaining. ... Events April 22 - Treaty of Saragossa divides the eastern hemisphere between Spain and Portugal, stipulating that the dividing line should lie 297. ... July 10 is the 191st day (192nd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 174 days remaining. ... Events June - Capture of Zutphen by the Dutch under Maurice of Nassau. ... February 24 is the 55th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Events April 11 - Battle of Ceresole - French forces under the Comte dEnghien defeat Imperial forces under the Marques Del Vasto near Turin. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... William IV (24 June 1532 – 25 August 1592), also called Willian the Wise, was the first Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel. ... June 24 is the 175th day of the year (176th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 190 days remaining. ... Events May 16 - Sir Thomas More resigns as Lord Chancellor of England. ... August 25 is the 237th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (238th in leap years), with 128 days remaining. ... Events January 30 - The death of Pope Innocent IX during the previous year had left the Papal throne vacant. ... Events January 18 - Lima, Peru founded by Francisco Pizarro April - Jacques Cartier discovers the Iroquois city of Stadacona, Canada (now Quebec) and in May, the even greater Huron city of Hochelaga June 24 - The Anabaptist state of Münster (see Münster Rebellion) is conquered and disbanded. ... April 8 is the 98th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (99th in leap years). ... Events February 2 - Spaniard Pedro de Mendoza founds Buenos Aires, Argentina. ... June 8 is the 159th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (160th in leap years), with 206 days remaining. ... Events 17 January - A court case in Guildford recorded evidence that a certain plot of land was used for playing “kreckett” (i. ... September 10 is the 253rd day of the year (254th in leap years). ... Events Russia breaks 60 year old truce with Sweden by attacking Finland February 2 - Diet of Augsburg begins February 4 - John Rogers becomes first Protestant martyr in England February 9 - Bishop of Gloucester John Hooper is burned at the stake May 23 - Paul IV becomes Pope. ... Watershed of the river Weser Kassel (until 1926 officially Cassel) is a city situated along the Fulda River, one of the two sources of the Weser river, in northern Hessen in west-central Germany. ... November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 50 days remaining. ... Events March 23 - Peace of Longjumeau ends the Second War of Religion in France. ... May 27 is the 147th day (148th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 218 days remaining. ... Events January 6 - Alessandro de Medici assassinated August 25 - The Honourable Artillery Company, the oldest surviving regiment in the British Army, and the second most senior, was formed. ... October 9 is the 282nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (283rd in leap years). ... Events January 14 – Hampton Court conference with James I of England, the Anglican bishops and representatives of Puritans September 20 – Capture of Ostend by Spanish forces under Ambrosio Spinola after a three year siege. ... Elisabeth of Hesse (13 February 1539 – 14 March 1582) was a German noblewoman. ... February 13 is the 44th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events May 30 - In Florida, Hernando de Soto lands at Tampa Bay with 600 soldiers with the goal to find gold. ... March 14 is the 73rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (74th in leap years) with 292 days remaining in the year. ... Events January 15 - Russia cedes Livonia and Estonia to Poland February 24 - Pope Gregory XIII implements the Gregorian Calendar. ... July 8 is the 189th day of the year (190th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 176 days remaining. ... Events February 27 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation of Scotland The first tulip bulb was brought from Turkey to the Netherlands. ... Louis VI, Elector Palatine (4 July 1539, Simmern – 22 October 1583, Heidelberg) was an Elector from the branch of Palatinate-Simmern of the house of Wittelsbach. ... Philip II of Hesse-Rheinfels, also called Philip the Younger, (1541-1583) was the first and only Landgrave of Hesse-Rheinfels. ... April 22 is the 112th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (113th in leap years). ... Events The first official translation of the entire Bible in Swedish February 12 - Pedro de Valdivia founds Santiago de Chile. ... November 20 is the 324th day of the year (325th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1583 was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. ... Christine of Hesse-Kassel (29 June 1543 – 13 May 1604) was duchess of Holstein-Gottorp as a wife of Duke Adolf of Holstein-Gottorp. ... June 29 is the 180th day of the year (181st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 185 days remaining. ... // Events February 21 - Battle of Wayna Daga - A combined army of Ethiopian and Portuguese troops defeat the armies of Adal led by Ahmed Gragn. ... May 13 is the 133rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (134th in leap years). ... Events January 14 – Hampton Court conference with James I of England, the Anglican bishops and representatives of Puritans September 20 – Capture of Ostend by Spanish forces under Ambrosio Spinola after a three year siege. ... Gottorp in 1864 Gottorf (in Danish, Gottorp) is a palace and estate in the German city of Schleswig in the Bundesland of Schleswig-Holstein. ... December 17 is the 351st day of the year (352nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Events March 27 — Naples bans kissing in public under the penalty of death June 22 — Fort Caroline, the first French attempt at colonizing the New World September 10 — The Battle of Kawanakajima Ottoman Turks invade Malta Modern pencil becomes common in England Conquistadors crossed the Pacific Spanish founded a colony... Duke Adolf in the cuirass, paimting by a unknown author, 1586 Adolf of Holstein-Gottorp (25 January 1526 – 1 October 1586) was the first Duke of Holstein-Gottorp from the line of Holstein-Gottorp of the House of Oldenburg. ... September 10 is the 253rd day of the year (254th in leap years). ... Events January 16 - Grand Duke Ivan IV of Muscovy becomes the first Tsar of Russia. ... February 7 is the 38th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Events February 5 - 26 catholics crucified in Nagasaki, Japan. ...

Genetics

Though her daughter Christine, Christine of Saxony is a direct matrilineal ancestor of Nicholas II of Russia. This implies that all of her female-line relatives (including Elisabeth of Luxembourg) are members of mitochondrial haplogroup T. Matrilineality is a system in which one belongs to ones mothers lineage; it may also involve the inheritance of property or titles through the female line. ... Nicholas II of Russia (18 May 1868 - 17 July 1918) (Russian: (Nikolai II)) was the last Emperor of Russia, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Finland. ... Empress and Queen Elisabeth (1409 – 25 December 1442) was the only daughter of Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor, king of Bohemia and Hungary, by his second wife Barbara of Celje. ... In cell biology, a mitochondrion is an organelle found in the cells of most eukaryotes. ... A haplogroup is a large group of haplotypes, which are series of alleles at specific locations on the chromosome. ... Haplogroup T is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. ...