Carlton Douglas Ridenhour (born August 1, 1960 in Brooklyn, New York), better known by his stage name, Chuck D, is an African-American rapper, author, and producer. Widely regarded as one of the greatest rappers of all-time, he helped create politically and socially conscious rap music in the late 1980s as the leader of the rap group, Public Enemy. Richard Professor Griff Griffin (born 1 August 1960) is an American rapper and is a member of the music group Public Enemy and head of the S1W. // A childhood friend of Chuck D, Richard Griffin was exposed to hip-hop as it came to the Long Island, New York town... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1194x2144, 393 KB) // Descripción: Chuck D y Flavor Flav, de Public Enemy, en concierto en el Bilbao Urban Musikaldia, en la plaza de toros de Vista Alegre. ... This article is about the musician. ... is the 281st day of the year (282nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 213th day of the year (214th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Roosevelt is a hamlet (and census-designated place) in Nassau County, New York, United States. ... This article is about the state. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Hip hop music is a style of music which came into existence in the United States during the mid-1970s, and became a large part of modern pop culture during the 1980s. ... Hardcore hip hop is a form of hip hop music that has confrontational, often violent lyrics, and generally sparse, gritty urban beats. ... Public Enemy’s, It Takes A Nation Of Millions To Hold Us Back, is one of the defining albums of the political hip hop genre Political hip hop is a subgenre of alternative hip hop. ... In the early 1990s, two styles of hip hop were popular. ... For the popular-music magazine, see Musician (magazine). ... Rapping is one of the elements of hip hop and the distinguishing feature of hip hop music; it is a form of rhyming lyrics spoken rhythmically over musical instruments, with a musical backdrop of sampling, scratching and mixing by DJs. ... A publisher is a person or entity which engages in the act of publishing. ... Lecturer is a term of academic rank. ... In the music industry, a record producer (or music producer) has many roles, among them controlling the recording sessions, coaching and guiding the musicians, organizing and scheduling production budget and resources, and supervising the recording, mixing and mastering processes. ... A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified for the purpose of making music. ... Rap redirects here. ... Public Enemy, also known as PE, is a hip hop group from Long Island, New York, known for their politically charged lyrics, criticism of the media, and active interest in the concerns of the African American community. ... For other meanings, see Brooklyn (disambiguation). ... Languages Predominantly American English Religions Protestantism (chiefly Baptist and Methodist); Roman Catholicism; Islam Related ethnic groups Sub-Saharan Africans and other African groups, some with Native American groups. ... Public Enemy, also known as PE, is a hip hop group from Long Island, New York, known for their politically charged lyrics, criticism of the media, and active interest in the concerns of the African American community. ...

Biography

Early career

Ridenhour was born in Flushing, Queens and moved to Roosevelt, Long Island at age eleven. After graduating from Roosevelt Junior-Senior High School, he went to Adelphi University in Long Island, graduating with a bachelor of arts degree in Graphic Design. Roosevelt is a hamlet (and census-designated place) in Nassau County, New York, United States. ... This article is about Long Island in New York State. ... Roosevelt Junior-Senior High School, as it is known today, was established in 1956, with history dating back to the mid 1800s. ... Adelphi University is a private, nonsectarian university located in Garden City, in Nassau County, New York. ... This article is about the island in New York State. ... B. A. redirects here. ... Graphics are often utilitarian and anonymous,[1] as these pictographs from the US National Park Service illustrate. ...

Career

Public Enemy

Upon hearing Ridenhour's demo track "Public Enemy Number One", fledgling producer/mogul Rick Rubin insisted on signing him to his Def Jam label.^[1] However, Ridenhour viewed the music business as a step down from the design job he had at the time. Rubin would continue calling, however, to the point where Ridenhour would have his girlfriend answer the phone as not to have to deal with him. Eventually, Ridenhour relented, insisting to Rubin that he also sign his friend William "Flavor Flav" Drayton, explaining to Rubin, "I don't know what he does, but he adds something". Frederick Jay Rick Rubin (born March 10, 1963 in Lido Beach, New York) is a Jewish American record producer and is currently the co-head of Columbia Records. ... Def Jam Recordings is an American based hip-hop record label that operates as a part of The Island Def Jam Music Group, which is owned by Universal Music Group. ... This article is about the musician. ...

As principal songwriter and main vocalist of Public Enemy, Ridenhour was the focal point of the group.^{[citation needed]} Chronologically, their major label albums were: Yo! Bum Rush the Show 1987, It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back 1988, Fear of a Black Planet 1990, Apocalypse 91...The Enemy Strikes Black 1991, Greatest Misses 1992, and Muse Sick-N-Hour Mess Age 1994. They also released a full length album soundtrack for the film He Got Game in 1998. Ridenhour also contributed (as Chuck D) to several episodes of the PBS documentary series The Blues. He has appeared as a feature artist on many other songs and albums, having collaborated with artists such as Janet Jackson, Kool Moe Dee, The Dope Poet Society, Run-DMC, Ice Cube and many others. In 1990, he appeared in Sonic Youth's "Kool Thing". In 1993, he executively produced Got 'Em Running Scared, an album by Ichiban Records group "Chief Groovy Loo and the Chosen Tribe".^[2] Yo! Bum Rush The Show is a 1987 album by Public Enemy. ... It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back is the second full-length album by American hip hop group Public Enemy, released on April 19, 1988 (see 1988 in music) on Def Jam Recordings. ... Fear of a Black Planet is the third full-length album by American hip hop group Public Enemy, released on March 20, 1990 on Def Jam Recordings. ... Greatest Misses is Public Enemys first compilation album released in 1992. ... Muse Sick-n-Hour Mess Age is an album by Public Enemy, released August 23, 1994. ... He Got Game is a 1998 drama-sports film directed by Spike Lee starring Denzel Washington and Ray Allen as a father and son trying to reconcile on the eve of the sons graduation from a Coney Island high school, and under pressure to decide which college basketball scholarship... Not to be confused with Public Broadcasting Services in Malta. ... A television documentary is a documentary or a series of documentaries that are meant to be broadcasted on television. ... Blues is a vocal and instrumental musical form which evolved from African American spirituals, shouts, work songs and chants and has its earliest stylistic roots in West Africa. ... This article is about the singer. ... Mohandas Dewese (born 8 August 1962), better known as Kool Moe Dee, was an American old-school rapper prominent in the late 1980s and early 90s. ... The Dope Poet Society is a politically charged hip hop group from Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ... Run-DMC is a famous hip hop crew founded by Jason Mizell (Jam Master Jay) and includes Joseph Run Simmons and Darryl DMC McDaniels, all from Hollis, Queens. ... OShea Jackson (born June 15, 1969), better known by his stage name Ice Cube, is an American MC, songwriter, actor, screenwriter, and film director. ... Sonic Youth is an American alternative rock band formed in New York City in 1981. ... Kool Thing was the first major label single from Sonic Youths 1990 album Goo. ... Ichiban Records is a hip hop record label founded in Atlanta, Georgia in 1985. ...

Later career

In 1996, Ridenhour released Autobiography Of Mistachuck on Mercury Records. In November 1998, he settled out of court with Christopher "The Notorious B.I.G" Wallace's estate over the latter's sampling of his voice in the song "Ten Crack Commandments". The specific sampling is Ridenhour counting off the numbers one to nine on the track "Shut Em Down".^[3] The Autobiography of Mistachuck is the debut solo album by Public Enemy frontman Chuck D, released October 22, 1996. ... Mercury Records is a record label currently headquartered in the UK, and is a subsidiary of Universal Music Group. ... In law there are two main meanings of the word settlement. ... Christopher Wallace (May 21, 1972 – March 9, 1997), also known as Biggie Smalls (the moniker of a deceased producer who was a friend of his, Stretchs and 2Pacs, and the subject of 2Pac and Stretchs song God Bless the Dead) and Frank White (from the film King... Sampling may refer to: Sampling (signal processing), converting a continuous signal into a discrete signal Sampling (music), re-using portions of sound recordings in a piece Sampling (statistics), selection of observations to acquire some knowledge of a statistical population Sampling (case studies), selection of cases for single or multiple case...

In September 1999, he launched a multi-format "supersite" on the web site Rapstation.com. A home for the vast global hip hop community, the site boasts a TV and radio station with original programming, many of hip hop's most prominent DJs, celebrity interviews, free MP3 downloads (the first was contributed by multi-platinum rapper Coolio), downloadable ringtones by ToneThis, social commentary, current events, and regular features on turning rap careers into a viable living. Since 2000, he has been one of the most vocal supporters of Internet music file sharing in the music industry. For other uses, see MP3 (disambiguation). ... This article is about the hip hop artist. ... A ringtone or ring tone is the sound made by a telephone to indicate an incoming call. ... ToneThis is a mobile media desktop application that allows people to personalize and deliver their personal music, images and videos wirelessly or via Bluetooth or USB to their mobile phone as a ringtone, wallpaper or mobile video. ... File sharing is the activity of making files available to other users for download over the Internet, but also over smaller networks. ...

He loaned his voice to Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas as DJ Forth Right MC for the radio station Playback FM. Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas is the fifth video game in the Grand Theft Auto series. ...

He appeared with Vanilla Ice on the track "Elvis Killed Kennedy", off the latter's 2001 album Bi-Polar. Robert Matthew Van Winkle (born October 31, 1967 in Dallas, Texas), best known as Vanilla Ice, is a Grammy Award nominated, American Music Award winning American rapper and actor known for the 1990 smash hit Ice Ice Baby. ... Singles from Bi-Polar Released: 2001 Released: 2001 Bi-Polar is the fifth studio album by Vanilla Ice. ...

He appeared with Henry Rollins in a cover of Black Flag's "Rise Above" for the album Rise Above: 24 Black Flag Songs to Benefit the West Memphis Three. Henry Rollins (born February 13, 1961 as Henry Lawrence Garfield) is an American singer and songwriter, spoken word artist, author, and actor. ... Black Flag was a hardcore punk band formed in 1976 in southern California, largely as the brainchild of Greg Ginn: the guitarist, primary songwriter and sole continuous member through multiple personnel changes. ...

He recently contributed a chapter to Sound Unbound: Sampling Digital Music and Culture (The MIT Press, 2008) edited by Paul D. Miller a.k.a. DJ Spooky. DJ Spooky, That Subliminal Kid (born Paul D. Miller, 1970), is a Washington DC-born electronic and experimental hip hop musician whose work is often called illbient or trip hop. He is a turntablist and producer. ...

Politics

Ridenhour is extremely politically active; he co-hosted Unfiltered on Air America Radio, testified before Congress in support of peer-to-peer MP3 sharing, and was involved in a 2004 rap political convention. He continues to be an activist, publisher, lecturer, and producer. Addressing the negative views associated with rap music, he co-wrote the essay book Fight the Power: Rap, Race, and Reality, along with Yusuf Jah (ISBN 0-385-31868-5). He argues that "music and art and culture is escapism, and escapism sometimes is healthy for people to get away from reality", but sometimes the distinction is blurred and that's when "things could lead a young mind in a direction."^[4] He also founded the record company Slam Jamz and acted as narrator in Kareem Adouard's short film Bling: Consequences and Repercussions, which examines the role of conflict diamonds in bling fashion. UNfiltered was an MTV television show created by Steven Rosenbaum that let viewers submit their own stories and film themselves. ... Former Air America logo, 2004-2007 Air America Radio is a talk radio network and program syndication service in the United States. ... Type Bicameral Houses Senate House of Representatives President of the Senate President pro tempore Dick Cheney, (R) since January 20, 2001 Robert C. Byrd, (D) since January 4, 2007 Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, (D) since January 4, 2007 Members 535 plus 4 Delegates and 1 Resident Commissioner Political... A peer-to-peer (or P2P) computer network is a network that relies on the computing power and bandwidth of the participants in the network rather than concentrating it in a relatively few servers. ... Activism, in a general sense, can be described as intentional action or inaction to bring about social or political change. ... A conflict diamond (also called a blood diamond) is a diamond mined in a war zone and sold, usually clandestinely, in order to finance an insurgent or invading armys war efforts. ... Bling Bling is a 1999 hit hip-hop song by The B.G., featuring his Cash Money labelmates Juvenile, Lil Wayne, Turk, Baby, and Mannie Fresh. ...

In an interview with Le Monde published 29 January 2008 ^[5], Chuck D stated that rap is devolving so much into a commercial enterprise, that the relationship between the rapper and the record label is that of slave to a master. He believes that nothing has changed for African-Americans since the debut of Public Enemy and, although he thinks that an Obama-Clinton alliance is great, he does not feel that the establishment will allow anything of substance to be accomplished. He also stated that French President Sarkozy is like any other European elite: he has profited through the murder, rape, and pillaging of those less fortunate and he refuses to allow equal opportunity for those men and women from Africa. In this article, he also defended a comment made by Professor Griff in the past that he says was taken out of context by the media. The real statement was a critique of the Israeli government and its treatment of the Palestinian people. Chuck D stated that it is Public Enemy's belief that all human beings are equal. For the song by the Thievery Corporation, see Le Monde (song). ...

In an interview with the magazine N'Digo published in late June 2008, he spoke of today's mainstream urban music seemingly relishing in the addictive euphoria of materialism and sexism, perhaps being the primary cause of many people harboring resentment towards the genre and its future. However he has expressed hope for its resurrection, saying "It’s only going to be dead if it doesn’t talk about the messages of life as much as the messages of death and non-movement", citing artists such as NYOil, M.I.A. and the The Roots as socially conscious artists who push the envelope creatively. "A lot of cats are out there doing it, on the Web and all over. They’re just not placing their career in the hands of some major corporation."^[6] NYOIL (pronounced N-Y Oil) is an American rapper from New York City. ... For other uses, see MIA. Mathangi Maya Arulpragasam (July 17, 1977), a British vocalist, songwriter, composer, record producer and visual artist, is a Tamil of Jaffna origin. ... The Roots, a. ...

TV appearances

• Narrated and appeared on-camera for the 2005 PBS documentary Harlem Globetrotters: The Team That Changed the World.
• Appeared on-camera for the PBS program Independent Lens: Hip-Hop: Beyond Beats and Rhymes.
• Appeared in an episode of NewsRadio as himself.
• He appeared on The Henry Rollins Show.
• He was a featured panelist (with Lars Ulrich) on the May 12, 2000 episode of the Charlie Rose show. Host Charlie Rose was discussing the Internet, copyright infringement, Napster Inc., and the future of the music industry. ^[7]
• He appeared on an episode of Space Ghost: Coast to Coast with Pat Boone. While there, Space Ghost tried (and failed) to show he was "hip" to rap, saying his favorite rapper was M. C. Escher.
• He appeared on an episode of Johnny Bravo.

For the animated television series, see Harlem Globetrotters (TV series). ... Airing weekly on PBS and distributed by ITVS, the Emmy award-winning series Independent Lens is like an independent film festival in your living room. ... This article is about the sitcom. ... The Henry Rollins Show is a weekly talk show hosted by Henry Rollins on the Independent Film Channel (IFC). ... Lars Ulrich (born December 26, 1963) is the drummer, main songwriter (with James Hetfield) and co-founder of Metallica. ... Charlie Rose is an American television interview show, with Charlie Rose as executive producer, executive editor, and host. ... This article is about the American journalist. ... For Napster, LLC (formerly Roxio), and the paid Napster music service, see Napster (pay service). ... Space Ghost at his desk Space Ghost: Coast to Coast is a spoof talk show on the cable TV channel, Cartoon Network. ... Charles Eugene Patrick Pat Boone (born June 1, 1934) is a singer whose smooth style made him a popular performer of the 1950s. ... For the Adult Swim comedy, see Space Ghost Coast to Coast Space Ghost is a character created by Hanna-Barbera Productions. ... Maurits Cornelis Escher (June 17, 1898 – March 27, 1972), usually referred to as M. C. Escher, was a Dutch graphic artist. ... Johnny Bravo is an American animated television series created by Van Partible. ...

Discography

With Spectrum City

• 1984: Lies
• 1984: Check Out The Radio

With Public Enemy

Main article: Public Enemy discography

This is a discography for the hip-hop group Public Enemy. ...

As Chuck D

• 1996: Autobiography Of Mistachuck

The Autobiography of Mistachuck is the debut solo album by Public Enemy frontman Chuck D, released October 22, 1996. ...

With Confrontation Camp

• 2000: Objects in the Mirror Are Closer Than They Appear

With Fine Arts Militia

• 2003: Fine Arts Militia

Appearances

• 1988: "Funny Vibe" (from the Living Colour album Vivid)
• 1990: "Endangered Species (Tales From The Darkside)" (from the Ice Cube album AmeriKKKa's Most Wanted)
• 1990: "Kool Thing" (from the Sonic Youth album Goo)
• 1991: "Bring The Noise" (from the Anthrax album Attack of the Killer B's)
• 1991: "Rise N Shine" (from the Kool Moe Dee album Funke, Funke Wisdom)
• 1994: "Rumbo N Da Jungo" (from the Street Fighter Soundtrack)
• 1995: "Destroy All Masters" (from One Million Strong)
• 1995: "It's The Pride" (from Pump Ya Fist)
• 1995: "Elvis Ate America" (from Original Soundtracks 1) with U2 and Brian Eno
• 1999: "Black Survivor" (from Chant Down Babylon, a remix album of several Bob Marley songs by hip-hop artists)
• 2001: "Elvis Killed Kennedy" (from the Vanilla Ice album Bi-Polar)
• 2001: "Your Realitys' a Fantasy But Your Fantasy Is Killing Me" (from the Boom Boom Satellites album Umbra)
• 2004: "Hot Gossip" (with the Jon Spencer Blues Explosion)
• 2005: "Bin Laden" (Immortal Technique feat. KRS-One and DJ Green Lantern)
• 2005: "Shock And Awe" (DJ Z-Trip album Shifting Gears)
• 2007: "Flashlight Fight" (from the The Go! Team album Proof of Youth)
• 2008: "Self Esteem" (with Nelly from Brass Knuckles)
• 2008: "What It Is" (from the Science Faxtion album Living On Another Frequency)

Living Colour is an American heavy metal band formed in New York City in 1983 by guitarist Vernon Reid. ... Vivid is Living Colours debut album, which was released on May 3, 1988. ... OShea Jackson (born June 15, 1969), better known by his stage name Ice Cube, is an American MC, songwriter, actor, screenwriter, and film director. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Sonic Youth is an American alternative rock band formed in New York City in 1981. ... Goo is an album by alternative rock band Sonic Youth, released on June 26, 1990. ... Attack of the Killer Bs is the name of the fourth EP by the Thrash Metal band Anthrax. ... Mohandas Dewese (born 8 August 1962), better known as Kool Moe Dee, was an American old-school rapper prominent in the late 1980s and early 90s. ... Street Fighter is a 1994 action movie based on Capcoms popular fighting game series Street Fighter. ... One Million Strong is a 1995 compilation of hip hop music, featuring the only collaboration between Tupac Shakur and The Notorious B.I.G.. All the songs were submitted by the artists for this album. ... Original Soundtracks 1 is a 1995 album recorded by U2 and Brian Eno (see 1995 in music). ... This article is about the Irish rock band. ... Brian Peter George St. ... Chant Down Babylon is a remix album by various hip hop artists covering songs by Bob Marley & The Wailers, released in 1999. ... A remix is an alternative version of a song, different from the original version. ... This article is about the reggae musician. ... Breakdance, an early form of hip hop dance, often involves battles, showing off skills without any physical contact with the adversaries. ... Robert Matthew Van Winkle (born October 31, 1967 in Dallas, Texas), best known as Vanilla Ice, is a Grammy Award nominated, American Music Award winning American rapper and actor known for the 1990 smash hit Ice Ice Baby. ... Singles from Bi-Polar Released: 2001 Released: 2001 Bi-Polar is the fifth studio album by Vanilla Ice. ... Boom Boom Satellites are a Japanese electronic music duo consisting of Michiyuki Kawashima and Masayuki Nakano. ... The Jon Spencer Blues Explosion (sometimes abbreviated JSBX) is a New York based band, made up of members Jon Spencer (vocals, guitar), Judah Bauer (guitar) and Russell Simins (drums). ... The Jon Spencer Blues Explosion (sometimes abbreviated JSBX) is a New York based band, made up of members Jon Spencer (vocals, guitar), Judah Bauer (guitar) and Russell Simins (drums). ... Bin Laden is a hiphop song by MC Immortal Technique and DJ Green Lantern. ... Felipe Coronel, better known as Immortal Technique, is a Hip hop MC and political activist. ... KRS-One (born Lawrence Krisna Parker on August 20, 1965 in Brooklyn, New York. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... DJ Z-Trip spinning DJ Z-Trip (born Zach Sciacca) hails from the mashup school of hip hop, yet is well-versed in many different genres of music. ... For the 1980s band, see The Go Team. ... Proof of Youth will be the second studio album by Brighton band The Go! Team, a band encompassing various genres of music such as indie rock, hip-hop and dance. ... For other uses, see Nelly (disambiguation). ... Categories: Weapon stubs | M e weapons ...

References

Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... is the 169th day of the year (170th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Charlie Rose is an American television interview show, with Charlie Rose as executive producer, executive editor, and host. ... is the 132nd day of the year (133rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ...

External links

• Public Enemy's official website
• rapstation.com, Chuck D's official website
• Chuck D at the Internet Movie Database
• Entry on Chuck D at Rolling Stone's website
• Chuck D interview with the Village Voice. October 22, 1991.
• Interview with Chuck D on public radio program / podcast The Sound of Young America
• "Bling: Consequences and Repercussions", short film narrated by Public Enemy Chuck D on Conflict Diamonds and Bling fashion
• Chuck D Interview on The Hour
• Chuck D Interview at http://www.britishhiphop.co.uk
• SWINDLE Magazine Interview
• Interviewed about politics and technology on the Creepy Sleepy Show podcast, February 2007