? Chickpea
Left: Bengal variety; right: European variety
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Fabales Family: Fabaceae Genus: Cicer Species: C. arietinum
Binomial name
Cicer arietinum L.

The chickpea, chick pea, garbanzo bean, ceci bean, bengal gram (Cicer arietinum), or chana is an edible pulse of the family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae. http://www. ... Scientific classification or biological classification is how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. ... Divisions Green algae land plants (embryophytes) non-vascular embryophytes Hepatophyta - liverworts Anthocerophyta - hornworts Bryophyta - mosses vascular plants (tracheophytes) seedless vascular plants Lycopodiophyta - clubmosses Equisetophyta - horsetails Pteridophyta - true ferns Psilotophyta - whisk ferns Ophioglossophyta - adderstongue ferns seed plants (spermatophytes) †Pteridospermatophyta - seed ferns Pinophyta - conifers Cycadophyta - cycads Ginkgophyta - ginkgo Gnetophyta - gnetae Magnoliophyta - flowering... Classes Magnoliopsida - Dicots Liliopsida - Monocots The flowering plants (also called angiosperms) are a major group of land plants. ... Orders see text Dicotyledons or dicots are flowering plants whose seed contains two embryonic leaves or cotyledons. ... Families Fabaceae (legumes) Quillajaceae Polygalaceae (milkwort family) Surianaceae The Fabales are an order of flowering plants, included in the rosid group of dicotyledons. ... Subfamilies Faboideae Caesalpinioideae Mimosoideae References GRIN-CA 2002-09-01 The name Fabaceae belongs to either of two families, depending on viewpoint. ... Species Cicer acanthophyllum Cicer anatolicum Cicer arietinum-chickpea Cicer atlanticum Cicer bijugum Cicer canariense Cicer chorassanicum Cicer cuneatum Cicer echinospermum Cicer fedtschenkoi Cicer flexuosum Cicer graecum Cicer incisum Cicer judaicum Cicer kermanense Cicer macracanthum Cicer microphyllum Cicer mogolatvicum Cicer montbretii Cicer multijugum Cicer oxyodon Cicer pinnatifidum Cicer pungens Cicer rechingeri... In biology, binomial nomenclature is the formal method of naming species. ... Carolus Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as Carl von Linné â–¶(?), and in English usually under the Latinized name Carolus Linnaeus (May 23, 1707 – January 10, 1778), was a Swedish botanist who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of taxonomy. ... The Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) defines pulses as annual leguminous crops yielding from one to twelve grains or seeds of variable size, shape and color within a pod. ... Subfamilies Faboideae Caesalpinioideae Mimosoideae References GRIN-CA 2002-09-01 The name Fabaceae belongs to either of two families, depending on viewpoint. ... Genera See text The Subfamily Faboideae is in the flowering plant family, Fabaceae. ...

The plant is 20-50 cm high and has small feathery leaves on both sides of the stem. One seed-pod contains 2-3 peas. The flowers are white or reddish blue. Chickpeas need a subtropical or tropical climate and more than 400 mm annual rain. They can be grown in a temperate climate, but yields will be much lower.

Cultivation and uses

Several dozen distinct chickpea cultivars are grown. European cultivars are large (typically around 10-15 mm diameter) and most commonly pale yellow. There were several other cultivars, with black and reddish seeds that are rarely grown today. The black cultivar was mainly used as fodder. Asian cultivars are smaller (typically 5-8 mm) and dark brown in color. The chickpea is not known in a wild state. It is grown in the Mediterranean, western Asia and India. In India the plants are eaten as salad as well. This Osteospermum Pink Whirls is a successful cultivar. ...

Chickpeas can be eaten in salads, cooked in stews, ground into a flour called gram flour (also known as besan, and used in Indian cuisine), ground and shaped in balls and fried as falafel, cooked and ground into a paste called hummus, or roasted and spiced and eaten as a snack. The plant can also be used as a green vegetable. In India, where they are referred to as "chana", chickpeas form an important source of protein, which is important in a predominantly vegetarian culture. Gram flour, not to be confused with Graham flour, also known as chana flour, besan or chickpea flour, is an ingredient used in Indian cuisine. ... Regional cuisines Indian cuisine can be broken down into three distinct regional styles: North Indian Rajasthan/Gujarat Punjab Kashmir Benaras Mughlai/durbar South Indian Kerala Andhra Kannada/Mysore Tamil cuisine Maharashtrian Eastern Bengali Assamese Thanks to Indias geography, wheat is a staple of North Indian foods, while rice is... Falafel balls Falafel (Arabic: فلافل ( ▶(?)) Hebrew: פלאפל (falafel)), also known in Egypt as taamiyya (Arabic طعمية), is a fried ball or patty of spiced fava beans or chickpeas. ... A plate of hummus with olive oil and paprika Hummus (Arabic: حمٌص; Greek: Χούμους; Hebrew: חומוס; also rendered as houmous, hommus, or humus) is a dip made of chickpea paste with various additions, such as olive oil, fresh garlic, lemon juice, paprika, and tahini (sesame seed paste). ...

History of cultivation

Domesticated chickpeas are first known from the aceramic levels of Jericho (PPNB) and Cayönü in Turkey and the pottery Neolithic in Hacilar, Turkey. They are found in the late Neolithic in Thessaly, at Kastanas, Lerna and Dimini at ca. 3500 BC. In the southern French cave of L'Abeurador Dept. Aude chickpeas have been found in Mesolithic layers, dated by radiocarbon dating to 6790±90 BC. Jericho (Arabic أريحا [â–¶]; ʼArīḥā; Hebrew יְרִיחוֹ [â–¶]; Standard Hebrew YÉ™riḥo; Tiberian Hebrew YÉ™rîḫô, YÉ™rîḥô) is a town in the West Bank, near the Jordan River. ... Cayönü is a neolithic settlement in eastern Turkey. ... The Neolithic, (Greek neos = new, lithos = stone, or New Stone Age) was a period in the development of human technology that is traditionally the last part of the Stone Age. ... Thessaly (Θεσσαλια; modern Greek Thessalía; see also List of traditional Greek place names) is one of the 13 peripheries of Greece, and is further sub-divided into 4 prefectures. ... For the municipality, see Myloi (Argolida), Greece, the seat of the municipality of Lerna In classical Greece, Lerna was a region of springs and a former lake near the east coast of the Peloponnesus, south of Argos. ... Dimini (Greek: Διμήνι), older forms: Diminio and Diminion was a village nearby the city of Volos, in Thessaly (central Greece), in the prefecture of Magnesia. ... Aude is a département in south-central France named after the Aude River. ... The Mesolithic (Greek mesos=middle and lithos=stone or the Middle Stone Age) is the period between the Paleolithic and Neolithic periods. ... Radiocarbon dating is a radiometric dating method that uses the naturally occurring isotope carbon-14 to determine the age of carbonaceous materials up to ca 60,000 years. ...

By the Bronze age they were known in Italy and Greece. In classical Greece, they were called erébinthos, and eaten both as a staple and as dessert, raw when young. The Romans knew several varieties known, for example venus-, ram- and punic chickpeas. They were eaten as a broth and roasted as a snack. The Roman gourmet Apicius gives several recipes for chickpeas. Carbonised chickpeas have been found at the Roman legionary fort at Neuss (Novaesium), Germany in layers of the 1st century AD, as well as rice. The Bronze Age is a period in a civilizations development when the most advanced metalworking has developed the techniques of smelting copper from natural outcroppings and alloys it to cast bronze. ... Liquid in which meat, fish, cereal grains, or vegetables have been simmered and strained out. ... Apicius was a name applied to three celebrated Roman epicures, the first of whom lived during the Republic; the second of whom, Marcus Gavius (or Gabius) Apicius—the most famous in his own time—lived under the early Empire; the third of whom, probably no relation, was the late 4th... Categories: Stub | Cities in Germany ...

Chickpeas are mentioned in Charlemagne's Capitulare de villis (ca. 800 AD) as cicer italicum, to be grown in each imperial demesne. Albertus Magnus knows three varieties, red, white and black. According to Culpeper "chick-pease or cicers" are less "windy" than peas and more nourishing. They are under the dominion of Venus and have a number of medical uses: they increase sperm and milk, provoke menstruation and urine and are helpful against kidney stones. The wild cicers were thought to be especially potent. Charlemagne (ca. ... Generic plan of a mediaeval manor; open-field strip farming, some enclosures, triennial crop rotation, demesne and manse, common woodland, pasturage and meadow Manorialism or Seigneurialism describes the organization of rural economy and society in medieval western and parts of central Europe, characterised by the vesting of legal and economic... Albertus Magnus (fresco, 1352, Treviso, Italy) Albertus Magnus (1193? – November 15, 1280), also known as Saint Albert the Great and Albert of Cologne, was a Dominican friar who became famous for his universal knowledge and advocacy for the peaceful coexistence of science and religion. ... Nicholas Culpeper - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... This old parchment shows the anciently-held link between the 12 signs of the Zodiac and the various parts of the body Medical astrology is an ancient medical system that associates various parts of the body, diseases, and drugs as under the influence of the Sun, Moon, and planets, along...

Chickpeas were grown in some areas of Germany for use as a coffee substitute in the First World War. Roasted coffee beans and a cup of coffee Coffee is a beverage, usually served hot, prepared from the roasted seeds of the coffee plant. ... Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. ...

Etymology

The name "chickpea" derives eventually from the Latin name cicer through the French chiche. The name Cicero is derived from this plant. "Garbanzo" is from the Spanish language, an alteration (perhaps influenced by Old Spanish garroba or algarroba) of the Old Spanish arvanço, perhaps from Greek erebinthos.[1] Species Cicer acanthophyllum Cicer anatolicum Cicer arietinum-chickpea Cicer atlanticum Cicer bijugum Cicer canariense Cicer chorassanicum Cicer cuneatum Cicer echinospermum Cicer fedtschenkoi Cicer flexuosum Cicer graecum Cicer incisum Cicer judaicum Cicer kermanense Cicer macracanthum Cicer microphyllum Cicer mogolatvicum Cicer montbretii Cicer multijugum Cicer oxyodon Cicer pinnatifidum Cicer pungens Cicer rechingeri... Marcus Tullius Cicero (standard English pronunciation ; Classical Latin pronunciation ) (January 3, 106 BC – December 7, 43 BC) was an orator and statesman of Ancient Rome, and is generally considered the greatest Latin orator and prose stylist. ... This article is about the international language known as Spanish. ...

Trivia

It has been suggested (among other explanations) that the chickenpox disease gets its name from chick peas, which resembled the chickenpox blisters that appeared on the skin. Chickenpox, also spelled chicken pox, is the commonly known name for varicella disease, frequently but not exclusively contracted in childhood. ... A blister caused by a second-degree burn. ...