| ? Cinchona |
Cinchona pubescens - habit | | Scientific classification | | | | Species | | See text Image File history File links Name Cinchona pubescens (habit) Family Rubiaceae Credits : US Geological Survey - Photo by Forest & Kim Starr File links The following pages link to this file: Cinchona ...
Scientific classification or biological classification is how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. ...
Jump to: navigation, search Divisions Land plants (embryophytes) Non-vascular plants (bryophytes) Hepaticophyta - liverworts Anthocerotophyta - hornworts Bryophyta - mosses Vascular plants (tracheophytes) Lycopodiophyta - clubmosses Equisetophyta - horsetails Pteridophyta - true ferns Psilotophyta - whisk ferns Ophioglossophyta - adderstongues Seed plants (spermatophytes) †Pteridospermatophyta - seed ferns Pinophyta - conifers Cycadophyta - cycads Ginkgophyta - ginkgo Gnetophyta - gnetae Magnoliophyta - flowering plants...
Jump to: navigation, search Classes Magnoliopsida - Dicots Liliopsida - Monocots The flowering plants (also angiosperms) are a major group of land plants. ...
Orders see text Dicotyledons or dicots are flowering plants whose seed contains two embryonic leaves or cotyledons. ...
Families Gentianaceae (gentian family) Apocynaceae (dogbane family) Gelsemiaceae Loganiaceae (logania family) Rubiaceae (coffee family) The Gentianales are an order of flowering plants, included within the asterid group of dicotyledons. ...
Genera See text The Rubiaceae are a family of dicotyledon plants, variously called the madder, bedstraw, or coffee family. ...
| Cinchona L., is the name of a genus in Rubiaceae family, large evergreens that can grow over 10 metres tall. There are over 40 species in the genus, many of which have spread from their South American center of origin to countries all over the world (especially India and Java). Carolus Linnaeus ~Carl Linnaeus~, also known after his ennoblement as Carl von Linné ( listen?), and in English usually under the Latinized name Carolus Linnaeus (May 23, 1707 – January 10, 1778), was a Swedish botanist who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of taxonomy. ...
In biology, a genus (plural genera) is a grouping in the classification of living organisms having one or more related and morphologically similar species. ...
Genera See text The Rubiaceae are a family of dicotyledon plants, variously called the madder, bedstraw, or coffee family. ...
A family of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso in 1997 A family is a domestic group of people, or a number of domestic groups, typically affiliated by birth or marriage, or by comparable legal relationships including domestic partnership, adoption, surname and in some cases ownership (as was the case in the Roman...
A Silver Fir shoot showing three successive years of retained leaves In botany, an evergreen plant is a plant which retains its leaves year-round, with each leaf persisting for more than 12 months. ...
The metre, or meter (symbol: m) is the SI base unit of length. ...
Jump to: navigation, search In biology, the most commonly used definition of species was first coined by Ernst Mayr. ...
South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ...
 Cinchona pubescens - flowers The trees in this genus are the source of a variety of alkaloids, the most important of which is quinine, an anti-fever agent especially useful against malaria. The medicinally important part of the tree is the bark, which is stripped from the tree, dried and powdered. As a medicinal, cinchona bark is also known as Peruvian Bark. Image File history File links Name Cinchona pubescens (flowers) Family Rubiaceae Credits : US Geological Survey - Photo by Forest & Kim Starr File links The following pages link to this file: Cinchona ...
Image File history File links Name Cinchona pubescens (flowers) Family Rubiaceae Credits : US Geological Survey - Photo by Forest & Kim Starr File links The following pages link to this file: Cinchona ...
An alkaloid is a nitrogenous organic molecule that has a pharmacological effect on humans and animals. ...
Jump to: navigation, search Molecular structure of quinine Tonic Water containing quinine. ...
Antipyretics are drugs that prevent or reduce fever by lowering the body temperature from a raised state. ...
Jump to: navigation, search Red blood cell infected with Malaria (Italian: bad air; formerly called ague or marsh fever in English) is an infectious disease which in humans causes about 350-500 million infections and approximately 1. ...
Peruvian Bark is the bark of one of several Evergreen trees and was used from the early 17th century until the mid 19th century as a drug to treat chills and fevers, including those resulting from malaria. ...
The name of the genus is due to Linnaeus, who named the tree in 1742 after a countess of Chinchon, the wife of a viceroy of Peru, who, in 1638, was introduced by natives to the medicinal properties of the bark. Stories of the medicinal properties of this bark, however, are perhaps noted in journals as far back as the 1560s-1570s (see the Ortiz link below). The Italian botanist Pietro Castelli wrote a pamphlet noteworthy as being the first Italian publication that mentions the cinchona. By the 1630s (or 1640s, depending on the reference), the bark was being exported to Europe. In the late 1640s, the method of use of the bark was noted in the Schedula Romana, and in 1677 the use of the bark was noted in the London Pharmacopoeia. Carolus Linnaeus ~Carl Linnaeus~, also known after his ennoblement as Carl von Linné ( listen?), and in English usually under the Latinized name Carolus Linnaeus (May 23, 1707 – January 10, 1778), was a Swedish botanist who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of taxonomy. ...
// Events January 24 - Charles VII Albert becomes Holy Roman Emperor. ...
The countess of Chinchón almost always refers to one of two women, wives of a count of Chinchón: The European discoverer, in 1638, of the South American native remedy chinchona bark, after whom the plant and bark are named A woman the subject of a celebrated portrait by...
Events and Trends In 1564 William Shakespeare was born. ...
Centuries: 15th century - 16th century - 17th century Decades: 1520s 1530s 1540s 1550s 1560s - 1570s - 1580s 1590s 1600s 1610s 1620s Years: 1570 1571 1572 1573 1574 1575 1576 1577 1578 1579 Significant Events and Trends Transition from the Muromachi to the Azuchi-Momoyama period in Japan Categories: 1570s ...
Jump to: navigation, search Pietro Castelli (1574-1662), Italian physician and botanist. ...
Events and Trends Thirty Years War in full swing in Europe September 8, 1636 - A vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony establishes Harvard College as the first college founded in the Americas. ...
Centuries: 16th century - 17th century - 18th century Decades: 1590s 1600s 1610s 1620s 1630s - 1640s - 1650s 1660s 1670s 1680s 1690s Years: 1640 1641 1642 1643 1644 1645 1646 1647 1648 1649 Events and Trends The personal union of the crowns of Spain and Portugal ends due to a revolution in the...
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See also
Chinchona officinalis Jesuits Bark, also called the Peruvian Bark, is the historical name of the most celebrated specific remedy for all forms of malaria. ...
The Catholic Encyclopedia is an English-language encyclopedia published in 1913 by the Roman Catholic Church, designed to give authoritative information on the entire cycle of Catholic interests, action and doctrine. // History The writing of the encyclopedia began on January 11, 1905 under the supervision of five editors: Charles G...
External links
Further reading - Cinchona project - Ortiz
- Maricela Argudo's Cinchona Project
- Cinchona Bark
- Using Bark to Cure the Bite
- Cinchona Alkaloids
- Puruvian Bark
- Cinchona photo
- Photos of Cinchona pubescens
 Cinchona pubescens - fruit |
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