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Encyclopedia > Cinema of Belgium
European cinema

The Cinema of Belgium can often be considered a blending of Dutch Cinema and French Cinema though with its own unique national qualities. European cinema is the cinema of Europe. ... The Cinema of Albania had its start in the years 1911-1912. ... Cinema of Armenia was born on April 16, 1923, when the Armenian State Committee on Cinema was established by the government decree. ... Austria has produced a number of films in the cinema industry. ... The film industry in Azerbaijan dates back to 1898. ... A full list of films produced in Bosnia-Herzegovina. ... // Directors Slatan Dudow Rangel Valtchanov Nikola Kovachev Sophia Peer Vulo Radev Dimitar Petkov- Opashkata Na Diavola aka Devils Tail Nikola Korabov Ivan Andonov Ludmil Staikov Metodi Andonov Zornitsa-Sophia Vladimir Yanchev Nikolai Volev Actors and actresses See also List of Bulgarian actors Stoyan Bachvarov Rusi Chanev Georgi Cherkelov Stefan... The cinema of Croatia has suffered in recent years, with quality films being few and far between in comparison to other countries. ... The Czech Republic (both as an independent country and as a part of former Czechoslovakia) was a seedbed for many acclaimed film directors. ... Danish cinema pioneer Peter Elfelt, a photographer, was the first Dane to make a film. ... Cinema in Estonia started in 1908 with the production of a newsreel about Swedish King Gustav IV’s visit to Tallinn. ... Norwegian Anneke von der Lippe as the Faroese Barbara in the 1997 Danish motion picture The Faroe Islands do not have a long history of cinema. ... In Finnish cinema, Aki Kaurismäki is a big name. ... The art of motion-picture making within the nation of France or by French filmmakers abroad is collectively known as French cinema. ... The Cinema in Georgia is one of the best known and recognized cinematography of the world. ... Cinema in Germany can be traced back to the very beginnings of the medium at the end of the 19th Century and German cinema has made major technical and artistic contributions to film. ... // In the spring of 1897, the Greeks of Athens had the opportunity and privilege to watch the first cinematic attempts (short movies in journal). The projection of an animated movie resulted in excited reactions and the new-seen spectacle became a usual matter of discussion. ... Hungary has had a notable cinema industry for some time. ... Iceland has had a notable cinema industry for some time. ... The Irish film industry has grown somewhat in recent years thanks partly to the promotion of the sector by Bord Scannán na hÉireann (The Irish Film Board) and the introduction of heavy tax breaks. ... The history of Italian cinema began just a few months after the Lumière brothers had discovered the medium, when Pope Leo XIII was filmed for a few seconds in the act of blessing the camera. ... . ... Cinema of Lithuania came into existence in the late 1980s with the documentary films by director Arūnas Matelis, and was allowed to develop once Lithuania became independent on September 6, 1991. ... The Luxembourg film industry is quite small, but this is unsurprising given that the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg has a population of only about 400,000 people. ... Montenegro has been the site of many domestic films. ... The Dutch film industry has long been renowned for its documentaries. ... Norway has had a notable cinema industry for some time. ... // Directors Józef Arkusz Stanisław Bareja Aleksander Ford Wojciech Has Agnieszka Holland Jerzy Hoffman Jerzy Kawalerowicz Krzysztof Kieślowski -- The Three Colors trilogy, The Decalogue Jan Jakub Kolski Kazimierz Kutz Juliusz Machulski Andrzej Munk Marek Piwowski Roman Polański Ladislas Starevich Wladyslaw Starewicz Andrzej Wajda Krzysztof Zanussi Andrzej Zulawski... Portuguese cinema has a long tradition, reaching back to the birth of the medium in the late 19th century. ... The Cinema of Romania came into being as an affective reality. ... The Russian Empire (1896-1917) The first films seen in Russia were via the Lumiere Brothers, in Moscow and St. ... The first films seen in the Russian Empire were via the Lumière brothers, in Moscow and St. ... Serbia (both as an independent country and as part a part of former Yugoslavia) has been home to many internationally acclaimed films and directors. ... // Vlado Bahna Stanislav Barabáš Paľo Bielik Eduard Grečner Dušan Hanák Elo Havetta Juraj Herz Martin Hollý Juraj Jakubisko Ján Kadár Otakar Krivánek Viktor Kubal Leopold Lahola Andrej Lettrich Miroslav Luther Juraj Nvota Stanislav Párnický Peter Solan Martin Šulík Štefan Semjan Štefan... . ... Soviet Cinema should not be used as a synonym for Russian Cinema. Although Russian language films predominated, several of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union contributed films reflecting elements of their pre-Soviet culture, language and history, although sometimes censored by the Central Government. ... The art of motion-picture making within the nation of Spain or by Spanish filmmakers abroad is collectively known as Spanish Cinema. ... Swedish cinema is one of the most widely-known national cinemas in the world, and certainly the most prominent of Scandinavia. ... Cinema of Switzerland // List of Swiss films Charles-Georges Duvanel Kurt Früh Jean-Luc Godard Claude Goretta Leopold Lindtberg Franz Schnyder Casimir Sivan Alain Tanner Anne-Marie Blanc Zarli Carigiet Heinrich Gretler Max Haufler Emil Hegetschweiler World cinema Swiss Films Swiss Film Directory Categories: | | ... The first film showing in Turkey was held in the Yildiz Palace, Istanbul in 1896. ... Michael Caine in Get Carter (1971). ... Cinema in Ukraine One of the largest film production studios in Ukraine is the Olexandr Dovzhenko Film Studios, located in Kiev, Ukraine. ... The historical country of Yugoslavia had a notable cinema industry of its own. ... The Dutch film industry has long been renowned for its documentaries. ... France has been influential in the development of film as a mass medium and as an art form. ...

Contents

History

Early history

While the invention of the cinématographe by the French Lumière brothers is widely regarded as the birth of cinema, a number of developments in photography preceded the advent of film. Among the people pioneering work on animation devices was a Belgian professor of experimental physics Joseph Plateau. Plateau, who was active at the Ghent University invented an early stroboscopic device in 1836, the "phenakistiscope". It consisted of two disks, one with small equidistant radial windows, through which the viewer could look, and another containing a sequence of images. When the two disks rotated at the correct speed, the synchronization of the windows and the images created an animated effect. The projection of stroboscopic photographs, creating the illusion of motion, eventually led to the development of cinema. This article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The Lumière Brothers, Louis Jean (October 5, 1864–June 6, 1948) and Auguste Marie Louis Nicholas (October 19, 1862–April 10, 1954), were the creators of the cinematographic projector. ... Plateaus phenakistiscope Joseph Antoine Ferdinand Plateau (October 14, 1801 - September 15, 1883) was a Belgian physicist. ... Ghent University (in Dutch, Universiteit Gent, abbreviated UGent) is one of the three large Flemish universities. ... Temporal aliasing is the term applied to a visual phenomenon also known as the stroboscopic effect. It also accounts for the wagon-wheel effect, so called because in video or motion pictures, spoked wheels on horse-drawn wagons sometimes appear to be turning backwards. ... Year 1836 (MDCCCXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... The phenakistoscope (also spelled phenakistiscope) was an early animation device, the predecessor to the zoetrope. ...


The first public projection in Belgium took place on March 1 1896 at the Kings Gallery in Brussels. In the following years there was a surge in activity, initially dominated by the French industrial Charles Pathé. One of his assistants, Alfred Machin founded the first production studio in 1910; some of his films are still preserved in the Royal Filmarchive in Brussels. The first Belgian movie producer was Hippolyte De Kempeneer, who produced several interesting film until his studio burned down in 1923. Year 1896 (MDCCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar). ... Nickname: Map showing the location of Brussels in Belgium Coordinates: , Country Belgium Region Brussels-Capital Region Founded 979 Founded (Region) June 18, 1989 Government  - Mayor (Municipality) Freddy Thielemans Area  - Region 162 km²  (62. ... Charles Pathé (1863 – December 26, 1957) was a major French pioneer of the film and recording industries. ... The film director and Mimir the Panther Alfred Machin (born April 20, 1877 in Westhove, died June 16, 1929 in Nice, France) was one of the rare French film directors whose films expressed progressivist tendencies before World War I. Ironically it turns out during this war his films of the... Year 1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...


1930 - 1980

The 1930s however saw the first serious attempt at cinema. Several prominent figures such as Charles Dekeukeleire and Henri Storck experimented with new filming techniques and founded the Belgian Documentary School, which was long regarded as one of the highlights of Belgian Cinema. With the advent of sound, directors such as Jan Vanderheyden fully explored the possibilities of the medium, adapting popular literary works such as De Witte of Ernest Claes. De Witte proved to be a pivotal work in the history of Belgian Cinema. The film was a tremendous popular success and would spawn a future remake and a TV series that was widely acclaimed in its own right. Charles Dekeukeleire is a Belgian author-filmmaker born on February 27, 1905 in Ixelles (Brussels) and deceased on June 2, 1971 in Werchter (the Brabant Flemish). ... Henri Storck (1907, Ostend – September 17, 1999) was a Belgian author, film-maker and documentarist. ... Andreas Ernestus Josephus Claes (October, 24th 1885 in Zichem - September, 2nd 1968 in Elsene) was a Flemsih author. ...


While attempts to produce a serious feature length film were frequently met with difficulty, Belgian animated films slowly gained a reputation abroad, lead by animators such as Raoul Servais, who won several awards throughout the sixties in a career that culminated with a Golden Palm for best short feature in 1979 for Harpya. Animation refers to the process in which each frame of a film or movie is produced individually, whether generated as a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, or by repeatedly making small changes to a model (see claymation and stop motion), and then photographing the result. ... Raoul Servais (b. ... The Palme dOr (Golden Palm) is the name of the highest prize given to a film at the Cannes Film Festival. ... Also: 1979 by Smashing Pumpkins. ... Harpya is a 1979 short Belgian animated film written and directed by Raoul Servais. ...


From 1964 on, film could be subsidized by the government, making way for a new generation of filmmakers such as André Delvaux (De Man Die Zijn Haar Kort Liet Knippen, after Johan Daisne's book), Roland Verhavert (Pallieter) and Harry Kümel. André Delvaux is a Belgian film director. ... Johan Daisne was the pseudonym of Flemish language author Herman Thiery (2 September 1912–9 August 1978). ...


1980 - 2000

The 1980s however saw a break with the tradition of the 60s and 70s, which was increasingly perceived as too stagy or otherwise preoccupied with rural dramas, giving rise to more personal and gritty filmmaking, led by people such as Marc Didden (Brussels by Night) and Robbe De Hert (Blueberry Hill, Brylcream Boulevard). 1985 however saw the release of the ambitious but spectacular failure De Leeuw van Vlaanderen, written and directed by Hugo Claus, after Hendrik Conscience's novel. Belgian acclaim in animation continued with an academy award for best animated short in 1987 with A Greek Tragedy, by Nicole van Goethem. Robbe De Hert (Farnborough, Hampshire, UK, 20 September 1942) is a Belgian film director. ... Year 1985 (MCMLXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar). ... Hendrik Conscience (born December 3, 1812 in Antwerp – died September 10, 1883 in Antwerp) was a Flemish writer. ... Hugo Maurice Julien Claus (born April 5, 1929 in Bruges, Belgium) is a prolific Flemish novelist, poet, playwright, painter and film director. ... Hendrik Conscience (born December 3, 1812 in Antwerp – died September 10, 1883 in Antwerp) was a Flemish writer. ... This class was known as Short Subjects, cartoons from 1932 until 1970, and as Short Subjects, animated films from 1971 to 1973. ... Year 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar). ...


Belgian cinema finally took flight during the 1990s, gaining international prominence with such films as Man Bites Dog (with Benoit Poelvoorde), Daens (Daens) and the Dardenne brothers (Rosetta, L'Enfant). In 2000 Dominique Deruddere's Everybody Famous! was nominated for the academy award for Best Foreign Language Film. Man Bites Dog is also a daily news report series in Belgium. ... Daens is a 1992 Belgian film directed by Stijn Coninx. ... Jean-Pierre Dardenne (born Carl Higgans on April 21, 1951 in Liège, Belgium) and his younger brother Luc Dardenne (born Eric Higgans on March 10, 1954 in Liège, Belgium) are a critically acclaimed Belgian filmmaking duo. ... Rosetta is a 1999 Belgian film written and directed by Jean-Pierre and Luc Dardenne. ... LEnfant is a 2005 film directed by Jean-Pierre Dardenne and Luc Dardenne. ... Everybody Famous! (Iedereen beroemd!) is a 2000 film directed by Dominique Deruddere. ...


Present

2003 saw the release of Erik Van Looy's stylish detective movie The Alzheimer Case (known internationally as The Memory of a Killer) to wide acclaim. The film won several awards and has been in talks for a remake. The Alzheimer Case (a. ...


Classic literary works continue to be adapted, in particular the work of Willem Elsschot, and often in coproduction with Dutch filmcompanies. Belgian stamp honoring the writer Willem Elsschot (7 May 1882 - 31 May 1960), was a Flemish writer and poet (pseudonym of Alfons-Jozef De Ridder). ...


Belgium also annually hosts several film festivals, the most important among these the Filmfestival of Ghent.


Belgian films

Main article: List of Belgian films

A list of films produced in Belgium ordered by year of release. ... Cest arrivé près de chez vous (Man Bites Dog) is a satirical 1992 Belgian French language black comedy mockumentary starring Benoît Poelvoorde. ... Daens is a 1992 Belgian film directed by Stijn Coninx. ... Camping Cosmos is the second comedy in the film trilogy The Sexual Life of the Belgians (of which La Vie sexuelle des Belges 1950-78 is the first part), starring Claude Semal, Lolo Ferrari, Noël Godin. ... Rosetta is a 1999 Belgian film written and directed by Jean-Pierre and Luc Dardenne. ... Everybodys Famous! (Iedereen beroemd!) is a 2000 film directed by Dominique Deruddere. ... The Alzheimer Case (a. ... LEnfant is a 2005 film directed by Jean-Pierre Dardenne and Luc Dardenne. ...

Notable people

Directors

Chantal Akerman (born June 6, 1950) is a Belgian filmmaker and director based in Paris, who is known for her deconstructive style and pessimistic humor. ... Yaël André (born 1967, Brussels) is a Belgian film director and writer. ... Edmond Bernhard (1919, Halle - 2001) was a Belgian film director and professor at the Institut National Supérieur des Arts du Spectacle in Brussels. ... Jean-Marie Buchet is a Belgian author-filmmaker, born on February 24, 1938 in Jemappes, Belgium, near Mons. ... Jan Bucquoy (b. ... Baron Stijn Coninx Stijn Coninx (born in Neerpelt, Belgium on February 21, 1957) is a Belgian film director best known for the movie Daens. ... Jean-Pierre Dardenne (born Carl Higgans on April 21, 1951 in Liège, Belgium) and his younger brother Luc Dardenne (born Eric Higgans on March 10, 1954 in Liège, Belgium) are a critically acclaimed Belgian filmmaking duo. ... Robbe De Hert (Farnborough, Hampshire, UK, 20 September 1942) is a Belgian film director. ... Eric De Kuyper (2 September 1942, Brussels) is a Belgian experimental film director and writer. ... Charles Dekeukeleire is a Belgian author-filmmaker born on February 27, 1905 in Ixelles (Brussels) and deceased on June 2, 1971 in Werchter (the Brabant Flemish). ... André Delvaux is a Belgian film director. ... Dominique Deruddere (born June 15, 1957, Turnhout, Belgium) is a Belgian film director. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... // Noël Godin (born Liège, September 13, 1945) is a Belgian writer, critic, actor and notorious cream pie flinger or ‘entarteur’. Godin gained global attention in 1998 when his group ambushed Microsoft CEO Bill Gates in Brussels, pelting the software magnate with pies (an invention he made with his... Benoît Lamy (b. ... Boris Lehman, born in 1944, is a Belgian author-filmmaker of experimental cinema. ... Roland Lethem (born January 5, 1942 in Etterbeek, Belgium) is a Belgian filmmaker and writer. ... Ernst Moerman (1897 to 1944)was a Belgian writer and film director. ... Jean-Paul Picha Walravens, born July 2, 1942 in Brussels, Belgium is a cartoonist and film director. ... This article is considered orphaned, since there are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... Raoul Servais (b. ... Ben Stassen is a Belgian film producer and director. ... Henri Storck (1907, Ostend – September 17, 1999) was a Belgian author, film-maker and documentarist. ... Samy Szlingerbaum (1950-1986) was a Belgian screenwriter, actor and film director. ... Boris Szulzinger is a Belgian author, filmmaker and film producer. ... Henri dUrsel (1900 - 1974) was a Belgian film director and writer. ... Patrick Van Antwerpen is a Belgian author-filmmaker born on May 17, 1944 in Ixelles (Brussels) and deceased in this commune on December 3, 1990. ... Erik Van Looy is a Belgian film director born in Deurne (a district of Antwerp) on April 26, 1962. ... Thierry Zéno is a Belgian author-filmmaker born in Namur on April 22, 1950. ...

Actors and actresses

External links

  • Flanders Image- a website dedicated to the Flemish film industry
  • european-films.net - Reviews, trailers, interviews, news and previews of new and upcoming European films (in English)


 
 

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