Southeast Asian cinema
Cinema of Cambodia Cinema of Malaysia Cinema of Myanmar Cinema of the Philippines Cinema of Singapore Cinema of Thailand Cinema of Vietnam

The cinema of Myanmar has a long history that dates back to the colonial era. Image File history File links Please see the file description page for further information. ... Southeast Asian cinema refers to the film industry and films produced in, and/or by natives of, Southeast Asia. ... Cinema in Cambodia started in the 1950s, and by the 1960s the countrys film industry was experiencing a golden age, with many classic films being made and movie theaters throughout the country. ... The Malaysian cinema experience began in 1933 with the screening of Laila Majnun, a well-known Sanskrit play of two ill-fated lovers. ... The cinema of the Philippines has a history that can be traced back to the early days of filmmaking in 1897, when a theater owner named Pertierra screened imported moving pictures. ... After independence, in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, Singapore had no film industry, being more concerned with the bread-and-butter issues of economic nation-building. ... The cinema of Thailand has a history that stretches back to early days of filmmaking, when King Chulalongkorns 1897 visit to Berne, Switzerland was recorded by Francois-Henri Lavancy-Clarke. ... The cinema of Vietnam has a history that goes back to the 1920s and has largedly been shaped by wars that have been fought in the country from the 1940s to the 1970s. ...

Before World War II

The first silent film was named Myitta Nit Thuyar (Love and Liquor) was produced in 1920. During the 1920s and 1930s many Burmese-owned film companies produced films including A1, New Burma, British Burma, The Imperial, Bandoola, and Yan Gyi Aung. Some of the famous directors of this era were Nyi Pu, Sunny, Toke Kyi, and Tin Pe.^[1] A silent film is a film which has no accompanying soundtrack. ... Sunny can refer to several things: Look up sunny on Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

The first sound film was produced in 1932 in Bombay, India and was named Ngwe Pay Lo Maya (It Can’t Be Paid With Money). The director was Toke Kyi. A sound film (or talkie) is a motion picture with synchronized sound, as opposed to a silent movie. ...

Films with social issues and political themes became popular in the 1930s. The film company Parrot produced films that addressed social issues such as gambling and police corruption that were censored by the British colonial government. There were also films that were banned like Dou Daung Lan (Our Peacock Flag) in 1936 and Aung Thapyay (The Triumph of Thapyay) in 1937. The political film "Boycott" was directed by the student leader U Nu in 1937 and starred other student leaders such as Aung San and Htun Ohn. The censors allowed this film to be shown. Prime Minister U Nu U Nu (otherwise known as Thakin Nu; May 25, 1907 - February 14, 1995) was a Burmese nationalist and political figure. ... Aung San General Aung San (Burmese: ; MLCTS: ); February 13, 1915 – July 19, 1947) was a Burmese revolutionary, nationalist, general, and politician. ...

Many of the films from this era no longer exist due to tropical weather and lack of adequate preservation.

Cold War era

After World War II, Burmese cinema continued to address political themes. Many of the films produced in the early Cold War era had a strong propaganda element to them. The film Pa Le Myat Ye (Tear of Pearl), produced in the wake of the Kuomintang invasion of Burma in the 1950s, highlighted the importance of the armed forces or Tatmadaw to the country. Ludu Aung Than (The People win Through) featured anti-Communist propaganda. The script was written by U Nu who served as Prime Minister during the 1950s. ^[2] This article is becoming very long. ... The Cold War (Russian: Холодная Война Holodnaya Voina) was the protracted geopolitical, ideological, and economic struggle that emerged after World War II between a worldwide military alliance of capitalist states led by the United States and a rival alliance of communist states led by the Soviet Union. ... A high-ranking generals villa overlooking the golf course in Kalaw. ...

The famous filmmaker and author U Thu Kha started producing films during this period. His most famous film is Bawa Thanthaya (The Life Cycle). Burma held its first Academy Awards in 1952. Starting with the Socialist era in 1962 there was strict censorship and control of film scripts.

The actor Kyaw Hein became the most well-known Burmese actor.

Recent History

In the era that followed the political events of 1988, the film industry has been increasingly controlled by the government. After the 1989 move by the government to open up the economy, the movie industry was privatized. The film company Mingalar became the most powerful company in the industry. Film stars who had been involved in the political activities of the 1980s and 1990s such as Aung Lwin and Tun Wai were banned from appearing in films. The films of some directors such as Win Pe have also been banned. The government issues strict rules on censorship and largely determines who produces films as well as who gets academy awards. ^[3] 8888 Uprising (Shih lei long; lit. ... Censorship is the control of speech and other forms of human expression. ...

Over the years, the movie industry has also shifted to producing many lower budget films that are distributed cheaply as video tapes and CDs. These serve as substitutes for the lack of television and cable broadcasting in Myanmar.

Most of the movies produced nowadays are comedies. ^[4]

The novel Thway (Blood) by Ma Ma Lei was also made into a film in a joint Japanese-Myanmar production during the last decade. ^[5] Ma Ma Lei is widely acknowledged as one of the greatest female Burmese writers of the twentieth century. ...

Kyi Soe Tun is a veteran filmmaker has who has made 34 movies in his 25-year career and who also serves as the chairman of the Myanmar Motion Picture Association.

References

• Charney, Michael (forthcoming) "Ludu Aung Than: Nu's Burma and the Cold War," in Christopher Goscha (ed.), Culture of the Cold War.
• Hunter, Edward (1957) The People Win Through: a play by U Nu (New York: Taplinger Publishing Co).

Notes

1. ^ Aung Zaw, "Celluloid Disillusions," Irrawaddy, vol. 12, no. 3, March 2004, is the source of these facts regarding the early history; the article doesn't provide citations, but most of the material probably comes from a volume in the Burmese language published to commemorate the fiftieth anniversary of cinema in the country.
2. ^ Charney, forthcoming
3. ^ Aung Zaw, "Celluloid Disillusions," Irrawaddy, vol. 12, no. 3, March 2004
4. ^ Kyi Soe Tun quoted in the Bangkok Post, August 11, 2006
5. ^ Irrawaddy, August 11, 2006

External links

• Film scripts in Burmese for some Burmese films, Minlouthamya Kyeinate [Do what you'd like], Be Bagyi Yeilou Mami [So Beautiful It Can't Be Painted], Sonyei Zatlan [Water Going Up-River]
• Myanmar film festival in Thailand
• Hollywood representations of Burma