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European cinema
Cinema of Albania Cinema of Armenia Cinema of Austria Cinema of Belgium Cinema of Bulgaria Cinema of Croatia Cinema of the Czech Republic Cinema of Denmark Cinema of Estonia Cinema of the Faroe Islands Cinema of Finland Cinema of France Cinema of Germany Cinema of Greece Cinema of Hungary Cinema of Iceland Cinema of Ireland Cinema of Italy Cinema of Luxembourg Cinema of Montenegro Cinema of the Netherlands Cinema of Norway Cinema of Poland Cinema of Portugal Cinema of Romania Cinema of Russia Cinema of the Russian Empire Cinema of Serbia Cinema of the Soviet Union Cinema of Spain Cinema of Sweden Cinema of Switzerland Cinema of Turkey Cinema of the UK Cinema of Ukraine Cinema of Yugoslavia

The first films seen in the Russian Empire were via the Lumière brothers, in Moscow and St. Petersburg in May 1896. In the same month, the first film was shot in Russia, by Lumière cameraman Camille Cerf, a record of the coronation of Nicholas II at the Kremlin in Moscow. Film in Russia became a staple of fairs or rented auditoriums. After the Lumières came representatives from Pathé and Gaumont to open offices, after the turn of the century, to make motion pictures on location for Russian audiences. Theatres were already built, and film renting distributors had already replaced direct sales to exhibitors, when, in 1908, Aleksandr Drankov produced the first Russian narrative film, Stenka Razin, based on events told in a popular folk song and directed by Vladimir Romashkov. Ladislas Starevich made the first Russian animated film (and the first stop motion puppet film with a story) in 1910 - Lucanus Cervus. He continued making animated films (some of which can now be bought on DVD) until his emigration to France following the 1917 October Revolution. He was decorated by the Tsar for his work in 1911. Image File history File links Wiki_letter_w. ... Image File history File links Please see the file description page for further information. ... European cinema is the cinema of Europe. ... The Cinema of Albania had its start in the years 1911-1912. ... Cinema of Armenia was born on April 16, 1923, when the Armenian State Committee on Cinema was established by the government decree. ... Austria has produced a number of films in the cinema industry. ... The Cinema of Belgium // History Early history While the invention of the cinématographe by the French Lumière brothers is widely regarded as the birth of cinema, a number of developments in photography preceded the advent of film. ... // Directors Slatan Dudow Rangel Valtchanov Nikola Kovachev Sophia Peer Vulo Radev Dimitar Petkov- Opashkata Na Diavola aka Devils Tail Nikola Korabov Ivan Andonov Ludmil Staikov Metodi Andonov Zornitsa-Sophia Vladimir Yanchev Nikolai Volev Actors and actresses See also List of Bulgarian actors Stoyan Bachvarov Rusi Chanev Georgi Cherkelov Stefan... The cinema of Croatia has suffered in recent years, with quality films being few and far between in comparison to other countries. ... The Czech Republic (both as an independent country and as a part of former Czechoslovakia) was a seedbed for many acclaimed film directors. ... Danish cinema pioneer Peter Elfelt, a photographer, was the first Dane to make a film. ... Cinema in Estonia started in 1908 with the production of a newsreel about Swedish King Gustav IV’s visit to Tallinn. ... Norwegian Anneke von der Lippe as the Faroese Barbara in the 1997 Danish motion picture The Faroe Islands do not have a long history of cinema. ... In Finnish cinema, Aki Kaurismäki is a big name. ... The art of motion-picture making within the nation of France or by French filmmakers abroad is collectively known as French cinema. ... Cinema in Germany can be traced back to the very beginnings of the medium at the end of the 19th Century and German cinema has made major technical and artistic contributions to film. ... // Beginning In the spring of 1897, the Greeks of Athens had the opportunity and privilege to watch the first cinematic attempts (short movies in journal). The projection of an animated movie resulted in excited reactions and the new-seen spectacle became a usual matter of discussion. ... Hungary has had a notable cinema industry for some time. ... Iceland has had a notable cinema industry for some time. ... The Irish film industry has grown somewhat in recent years thanks partly to the promotion of the sector by Bord Scannán na hÉireann (The Irish Film Board) and the introduction of heavy tax breaks. ... The history of Italian cinema began just a few months after the Lumière brothers had discovered the medium, when Pope Leo XIII was filmed for a few seconds in the act of blessing the camera. ... The Luxembourg film industry is quite small, but this is unsurprising given that the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg has a population of only about 400,000 people. ... Montenegro has been the site of many domestic films. ... The Dutch film industry has long been renowned for its documentaries. ... Norway has had a notable cinema industry for some time. ... // Directors Józef Arkusz StanisÅ‚aw Bareja Aleksander Ford Wojciech Has Agnieszka Holland Jerzy Hoffman Jerzy Kawalerowicz Krzysztof KieÅ›lowski -- The Three Colors trilogy, The Decalogue Jan Jakub Kolski Kazimierz Kutz Juliusz Machulski Andrzej Munk Marek Piwowski Roman PolaÅ„ski Ladislas Starevich Wladyslaw Starewicz Andrzej Wajda Krzysztof Zanussi Andrzej Zulawski... Portuguese cinema is better known internationally for its directors Manoel de Oliveira and João César Monteiro. ... The Cinema of Romania came into being as an affective reality. ... The Russian Empire (1896-1917) The first films seen in Russia were via the Lumiere Brothers, in Moscow and St. ... Serbia (both as an independent country and as part a part of former Yugoslavia) has been home to many internationally acclaimed films and directors. ... Soviet Cinema should not be used as a synonym for Russian Cinema. Although Russian language films predominated, several of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union contributed films reflecting elements of their pre-Soviet culture, language and history, although sometimes censored by the Central Government. ... Spanish cinema is not held in as high esteem worldwide as French or American cinema. ... Swedish cinema is one of the most widely-known national cinemas in the world, and certainly the most prominent of Scandinavia. ... Cinema of Switzerland // List of Swiss films Charles-Georges Duvanel Kurt Früh Jean-Luc Godard Claude Goretta Leopold Lindtberg Franz Schnyder Casimir Sivan Alain Tanner Anne-Marie Blanc Zarli Carigiet Heinrich Gretler Max Haufler Emil Hegetschweiler World cinema Swiss Films Swiss Film Directory Categories: | | ... The first film showing in Turkey was held in the Yildiz Palace, Istanbul in 1896. ... Michael Caine in Get Carter (1971). ... Cinema in Ukraine One of the largest film production studios in Ukraine is the Olexandr Dovzhenko Film Studios, located in Kiev, Ukraine. ... The historical country of Yugoslavia had a notable cinema industry of its own. ... Imperial Russia is the term used to cover the period of history from the expansion of Russia under Peter the Great, through the expansion of the Russian Empire from the Baltic Sea to the Pacific Ocean, to the deposal of Nicholas II of Russia, the last tsar, at the start... Auguste (left) and Louis Lumière. ... Nicholas II of Russia (18 May [O.S. 6 May] 1868 – 17 July [O.S. 4 July] 1918) (Russian: , Nikolay II) was the last Emperor of Russia, King of Poland,[1] and Grand Duke of Finland. ... The Moscow Kremlin (Russian: Московский Кремль) is a historic fortified complex at the very heart of Moscow, overlooking the Moskva River (to the south), Red Square (to the east) and the Alexander Garden (to the west). ... Location Position of Moscow in Europe Government Country District Subdivision Russia Central Federal District Federal City Mayor Yuriy Luzhkov Geographical characteristics Area  - City 1,081 km² Population  - City (2007)    - Density 10,469,000   9684. ... Pathé or Pathé Frères is the name of various businesses founded and originally run by the Pathé Brothers of France. ... Gaumont is a French film production company and is the worlds oldest film company. ... A Film distributor is an independent company, a subsidiary company or occasionally an individual, which acts as the final agent between a film production company or some intermediary agent, and a film exhibitor, to the end of securing placement of the producers film on the exhibitors screen. ... A typical megaplex (AMC Ontario Mills 30 in Ontario, California). ... Ladislas Starevich (August 8, 1882 - February 26, 1965), born WÅ‚adysÅ‚aw Starewicz, was a Polish, Russian and French stop-motion animator who used insects and animals as his protagonists. ... Stop motion is an animation technique which makes things that are static appear to be moving. ... See also: 1909 in film 1910 1911 in film years in film film Events The newsreel footage of the funeral of King Edward VII of the United Kingdom is shot in Kinemacolor, making it the first color newsreel. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Immigration. ... Red October redirects here. ... 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar). ...

Oborona Sevastopolya (1911)

Competition from French, American, German, Danish, British and Italian companies, distributing their country's wares to the eager Russians, developed, but the indigenous industry made such strides over the next five years that 129 fully Russian films - even if many of them were comparatively short - were produced in 1918 alone. In 1912, the Khanzhonkov film studio was operational, and Ivan Mozzhukhin had made his first film there, a feature film of 2000 meters entitled "Oborona Sevastopolya" ("The Defense of Sevastopol"). The same year, a German concern filming in Russia introduced the director Yakov Protazanov to the world with its "Ukhod Velikovo Startsa" ("Departure of the Grand Old Man"), a biographical film about Lev Tolstoy. Tsar Nicholas himself made some home movies and appointed an official Court Cinematographer, although he is purported to have written in 1913 that film was "an empty matter...even something harmful...silliness...we should not attribute any significance to such trifles". Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Defence of Sevastopol (Russian: ) is a 1911 historical war film about the Siege of Sevastopol during the Crimean War and one of the most important films in the history of Russian cinema. ... Aleksandr Khanzhonkov Aleksandr Aleksejevich Khanzhonkov (1877 - 1945) was Russias first cinema entrepreneur. ... A film studio is a controlled environment for the making of a film. ... Ivan Mozzhukhin Ivan Ilyich Mozzhukhin (1888-1939) was a leading Russian silent film actor. ... A reel of film, which predates digital cinematography. ... Defence of Sevastopol (Russian: ) is a 1911 historical war film about the Siege of Sevastopol during the Crimean War and one of the most important films in the history of Russian cinema. ... Yakov A. Protazanov Yakov Alexandrovich Protazanov (1881–1945) was, together with Aleksandr Khanzhonkov and Vladimir Gardin, one of the founding fathers of cinema of Russia. ... Poster for Man on the Moon (1999), a biopic A biographical picture— often shortened to biopic— is a film that dramatizes the life of an actual person or people. ... Leo Nikolayevitch Tolstoy (Russian: Лев Никола́евич Толсто́й) (September 9 (August 28, O.S.), 1828 - November 20 (November 7, O.S.), 1910) was a Russian novelist, reformer, and moral thinker, notable for... Home Movies is a dialogue-driven animated series about 8-year-old Brendon Small (voiced by the creator, head writer, and lead musician of Home Movies Brendon Small), who makes films with his friends, Melissa and Jason, in his spare time. ...

Tsar Nicholas gave some special assistance to the makers of "The Defence of Sevastopol" and a few similar films, but the industry was not nationalized nor governmentally subsidized or otherwise controlled. There were also only a few rules of censorship on a national level - such as not making the Tsars characters in a dramatized film - but the filmmakers were largely free to produce for the mass audience; local officials might be more stringent in censoring or banning films. Detective films were popular, and various forms of melodrama. Basil Rathbone as Sherlock Holmes Detective fiction is a branch of crime fiction that centers upon the investigation of a crime, usually murder, by a detective, either professional or amateur. ... Poster for The Perils of Pauline (1914). ...

Ivan Mozzhukhin as Father Sergius in Yakov Protazanov's 1917 film.

The arrival of World War I in Russia in 1914 sparked a change. Imports dropped drastically, especially insofar as films from Germany and its allies left the market rapidly. Russian filmmakers early on turned to anti-German, "patriotic" films, often hastily made, even being filmed while the scripts were still being written, filling in the gap: in 1916, Russia produced 499 films, over three times the number of just three years earlier, and more of feature length. Russia's allies, in turn, began to import some of the more striking product, including further films by Protazanov and Yevgeni Bauer, a specialist in psychological film, who both impacted, among others, the burgeoning American film industry. Adversely, Russian companies were forbidden to send cameramen to the "front", and war footage had to be imported from France and England: some Russian concerns combined footage from these with enacted war material to create faux documentaries. Also, the Skobolev Committee was established by the government to oversee the making of newsreel and propaganda films. Image File history File links Moszhuserge. ... Image File history File links Moszhuserge. ... Ivan Mozzhukhin Ivan Ilyich Mozzhukhin (1888-1939) was a leading Russian silent film actor. ... Father Sergius (Отец Сергий) is a short fictional story authored by Leo Tolstoy in 1873. ... Yakov A. Protazanov Yakov Alexandrovich Protazanov (1881–1945) was, together with Aleksandr Khanzhonkov and Vladimir Gardin, one of the founding fathers of cinema of Russia. ... Combatants Allied Powers: Russian Empire France British Empire Italy United States Central Powers: Austria-Hungary German Empire Ottoman Empire Bulgaria Commanders Nikolay II Aleksey Brusilov Georges Clemenceau Joseph Joffre Ferdinand Foch Robert Nivelle Herbert H. Asquith D. Lloyd George Sir Douglas Haig Sir John Jellicoe Victor Emmanuel III Luigi Cadorna... Yevgeni Bauer (or Yevgeny Bauer or Evgeni Bauer or Evgenii Bauer or Ievgueni Bauer) (1865 - June 2, 1917, Crimea) was a Russian film director. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Documentary film is a broad category of visual expression that is based on the attempt, in one fashion or another, to document reality. ... A newsreel is a documentary film that is regularly released in a public presentation place containing filmed news stories. ... The Why We Fight Series depicts the Nazi propaganda machine. ...

And then came the Russian Revolution, on top of the ongoing international War. With audiences turning against the Tsar, film producers began turning out, after the February Revolution, a number of films with anti-Tsarist themes. These, along with the usual retinue of detective films and melodramas, filled theaters when the streets were not filled with revolutionaries. However, the destruction of the infrastructure in the major cities, the failing war-drained economy, the takeover of rural cinemas by local Soviets, and the aversion of some in the film industry to communism, caused the Russian film industry per se to effectively die out by the time Lenin on November 8, 1917 proclaimed a new country, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. The Russian Revolution of 1917 was a series of political and social upheavals in Russia, involving first the overthrow of the tsarist autocracy, and then the overthrow of the liberal and moderate-socialist Provisional Government, resulting in the establishment of Soviet power under the control of the Bolshevik party. ... The February Revolution (N.S.: March Revolution) of 1917 in Russia was the first stage of the Russian Revolution of 1917. ... Soviet redirects here. ... Communism is an ideology that seeks to establish a classless, stateless social organization based on common ownership of the means of production. ... State motto: Russian: Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! Translation: Workers of the world, unite! Capital Moscow Official language Russian Established In the USSR:  - Since  - Until November 7, 1917 November 7, 1917 December 12, 1991 (dissolution) Area  - Total  - Water (%) Ranked 1st in the USSR 17,075,200 km² 13% Population  - Total   - Density Ranked 1st in the...

Ironically, the last significant Russian film completed, in 1917, "Otets Sergii" ("Father Sergius") would become the first new film release a year later, in the new country of the Soviets. Ivan Mozzhukhin as Father Sergius in the 1917 film. ...

The R.S.F.S.R. (1917-1991) See: Cinema of the Soviet Union Soviet Cinema should not be used as a synonym for Russian Cinema. Although Russian language films predominated, several of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union contributed films reflecting elements of their pre-Soviet culture, language and history, although sometimes censored by the Central Government. ...

The Russian Federation (1991-present) See: Cinema of Russia The Russian Empire (1896-1917) The first films seen in Russia were via the Lumiere Brothers, in Moscow and St. ...

See also

• World cinema

This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

External links

• http://www.idcpublishers.com/pdf/420_brochure.pdf

Russian Nights Film Festival - www.russiannightsfest.com

• http://www.greencine.com/static/primers/early-russia-1.jsp
• http://www.lib.unc.edu/house/mrc/films/full.php?film_id=9057

Cinema of Russia Cinema of the Russian Empire (Pre 1917)  • Cinema of the Soviet Union (1917-1990)

Actors • Animation • Directors • Films A-Z • Chronology of films • Cinematographers • Composers • Editors • Producers • Screenwriters • Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The Russian Empire (1896-1917) The first films seen in Russia were via the Lumiere Brothers, in Moscow and St. ... Soviet Cinema should not be used as a synonym for Russian Cinema. Although Russian language films predominated, several of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union contributed films reflecting elements of their pre-Soviet culture, language and history, although sometimes censored by the Central Government. ... 72 meters (2005) 9th Company (2005) Adventures of a Dentist (1965) The Adventures of Buratino (1959) Aelita (1924) Afghan Breakdown (1991) Afonya (1975) The Age of Innocence (1977) Alexander Nevsky (1938) Alexander Popov (1949) Alices Birthday (2007) The Alive and the Dead (1964) The Amphibian Man (Chelovek-Amfibiya) (1961...

• Yana Hashamova, Pride and Panic: Russian Imagination of the West in Post-Soviet Film (Intellect Books, 2007)