Inside Citadel Hill.

Firing of the noon gun.

Citadel Hill is a glacial drumlin located on the Halifax Peninsula. It measures approximately 120 feet above sea level and affords a commanding view of the entrance to Halifax Harbour, as well as nearby George's Island and McNabs Island. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 1008 KB) Inside the walls of Citadel Hill in Halifax, Nova Scotia on September 4, 2004. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 1008 KB) Inside the walls of Citadel Hill in Halifax, Nova Scotia on September 4, 2004. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1600 × 1200 pixel, file size: 974 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) self-authored, released to public domain I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1600 × 1200 pixel, file size: 974 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) self-authored, released to public domain I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under... Drumlin in Cato, New York Drowned drumlin in Clew Bay Drumlin at Withrow Moraine and Jameson Lake Drumlin Field National Natural Landmark A drumlin (Irish droimnín, a little hill ridge) is an elongated whale-shaped hill formed by glacial action. ... Aerial Photo of the Peninsula The peninsula, bordered by Halifax Harbour, the Northwest Arm, and the Bedford Basin, is the part of Halifax that was first settled. ... For considerations of sea level change, in particular rise associated with possible global warming, see sea level rise. ... Halifax Harbour, October 13, 2006. ... Georges Island is a glacial drumlin and the largest island entirely within the harbour limits of Halifax Harbour located in the Halifax Regional Municipality. ... McNabs Island is the largest island in Halifax Harbour located in Halifax Regional Municipality. ...

The hill's strategic value was the primary reason that the British military chose to establish a presence on the eastern side of the peninsula along The Narrows during the late 1740s to counter a growing French presence at Fortress Louisbourg several hundred miles east; the town of Halifax having been established in 1749. A series of 4 different defensive fortifications have occupied the summit of Citadel Hill since this time, with the construction and levelling resulting in the summit of the hill being dropped by 40-70 feet. Events and Trends The War of Austrian Succession (1740-1748) rages. ... Fortress Louisbourg (in French, Forteresse de Louisbourg) is a Canadian National Historic Site and the location of a partial reconstruction of an 18th century French fortress at Louisbourg, Nova Scotia. ... The City of Halifax was the capital of the province Nova Scotia, and the largest city in Atlantic Canada. ... Events While in debtors prison, John Cleland writes Fanny Hill (Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure). ...

Citadel Hill and the associated harbour defence fortifications, afforded the Royal Navy the most secure and strategic anchorage in eastern North America astride the Great Circle Route to western Europe and gave Halifax the nickname "Warden of The North." The massive British military presence in Halifax focused through Citadel Hill and the Royal Navy's dockyard is thought to be the main reason that Nova Scotia (consisting of all of the present-day Maritimes and part of Quebec's Gaspe Peninsula), the 14th colony following Britain's victory in the Seven Years' War, remained loyal to the Crown throughout and after the American Revolutionary War. The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore the Senior Service). ... A great circle is a circle on the surface of a sphere that has the same diameter as the sphere, dividing the sphere into two equal hemispheres. ... The Maritime provinces. ... The Gaspé Peninsula or just the Gaspé (la Gaspésie in French) is a North American peninsula on the south shore of the Saint Lawrence River, in Quebec. ... Combatants Kingdom of Prussia Kingdom of Great Britain Electorate of Hanover Kingdom of Portugal Electorate of Brunswick Electorate of Hesse-Kassel Archduchy of Austria Kingdom of France Empire of Russia Kingdom of Sweden Kingdom of Spain Electorate of Saxony Kingdom of Naples and Sicily Kingdom of Sardinia The Seven Years... Combatants United States France Spanish Empire Dutch Republic Oneida Tuscarora Polish volunteers Quebec volunteers Prussian volunteers Kingdom of Great Britain Iroquois Confederacy Hessian mercenaries Loyalists Commanders George Washington Nathanael Greene Gilbert de La Fayette Comte de Rochambeau Bernardo de Gálvez Tadeusz KoÅ›ciuszko Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben King George...

The first fort was part of the western perimeter wall for the old city which was protected by five stockaded forts. The others were Horsemans Fort, Cornwallis Fort, Fort Lutrell and Grenadier Fort. Citadel Hill hosted a three-story octagonal blockhouse from 1776–1789, covering a 14-gun battery. Year 1776 (MDCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Thursday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... 1789 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...

The current star-shaped fortress, or citadel, is formally known as Fort George and was completed in 1856, following 28 years of construction. This massive masonry-construction fort was designed to repel a land-based attack by United States forces and was inspired by the designs of Louis XIV's commissary of fortifications Sébastien Le Prestre, Seigneur de Vauban – a star-shaped hillock fortress with internal courtyard and clear harbour view from armoured ramparts. The British constructed a similar citadel in Quebec City known as the Citadel of Quebec. This article is about a type of fortification. ... 1856 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Sébastien Le Prestre, Seigneur de Vauban and later Marquis de Vauban (May 15, 1633 - March 30, 1707), commonly referred to as Vauban, was a Marshal of France and the foremost military engineer of his age, famed for his skill in both designing fortifications and in breaking through them. ... The Citadel (fr: Citadelle) is a military fort atop Cape Diamant, adjoining the Plains of Abraham in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. ...

Fort George and its predecessors was the focal point of the British, and later Canadian, military's "Halifax Defence Complex" which included (at various years):

• Fort Needham
• HMC Dockyard
• Fort George (Citadel Hill)
• Fort Massey
• Fort Ogilvie
• Prince of Wales Tower
• Connaught Battery
• York Redoubt
• Practice Battery
• Sandwich Point
• Camperdown
• Fort Chebucto
• Fort Charlotte (Georges Island)
• Fort Clarence
• Fort Ives (McNabs Island)
• Fort Hugonin (McNabs Island)
• Sherbrooke Tower (McNabs Island)
• Strawberry Hill (McNabs Island)
• Fort McNab (McNabs Island)
• Devil's Point

Fort George was constructed to defend against smoothbore weaponry; it became obsolete following the introduction of more powerful rifled guns in the 1860s. British forces upgraded Fort George's armaments to permit it to defend the harbour as well as land approaches, using heavier and more accurate long-range artillery. The role of Fort George in the defense of Halifax Harbour had evolved by the turn of the 20th century to becoming a command centre for other, more distant harbour defensive works, as well as providing barrack accommodations. Georges Island is a glacial drumlin and the largest island entirely within the harbour limits of Halifax Harbour located in the Halifax Regional Municipality. ... McNabs Island is the largest island in Halifax Harbour located in Halifax Regional Municipality. ... McNabs Island is the largest island in Halifax Harbour located in Halifax Regional Municipality. ... McNabs Island is the largest island in Halifax Harbour located in Halifax Regional Municipality. ... McNabs Island is the largest island in Halifax Harbour located in Halifax Regional Municipality. ... McNabs Island is the largest island in Halifax Harbour located in Halifax Regional Municipality. ... Smoothbore refers to a firearm which does not have a rifled barrel. ... // The First Transcontinental Railroad in the USA was built in the six year period between 1863 and 1869. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999...

Although never attacked, Citadel Hill's various fortifications were garrisoned by the British Army until 1906 and afterward by the Canadian Army throughout the First and Second World Wars; Fort George having been used as temporary barracks during 1939-1940 and as the coordinating point for the city's anti-aircraft defences. The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces. ... 1906 (MCMVI) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Canadian Forces Land Force Command (LF) is responsible for army operations within the Canadian Armed Forces. ... “The Great War ” redirects here. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Year 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...

According to Thomas Head Raddall, Citadel Hill was "like Vesuvius over Pompeii, a smiling monster with havoc in its belly". Following the war, the facility was designated a National Historic Site and today is under the responsibility of Parks Canada. Fort George has been restored to the mid-Victorian period. Thomas Head Raddall (13 November 1903 - 1 April 1994) was a Canadian writer best known for his historical fiction. ... Mount Vesuvius (Italian: Monte Vesuvio) is a volcano east of Naples, Italy, located at 40°49′N 14°26′ E. It is the only active volcano on the European mainland, although it is not currently erupting. ... National Historic Site is a designation for a protected area of historic significance. ... Parks Canada is a Canadian government agency whose purpose is to protect and present nationally significant examples of Canadas natural and cultural heritage and foster public understanding, appreciation and enjoyment in ways that ensure their ecological and commemorative integrity for present and future generations. ... Queen Victoria (shown here on the morning of her accession to the Throne, 20 June 1837) gave her name to the historic era The Victorian era of the United Kingdom marked the height of the British Industrial Revolution and the apex of the British Empire. ...

Modern Use

One of the most enduring and recognized symbols of Citadel Hill's role in shaping Halifax is the daily ceremonial firing of the noon gun (sometimes called the 12 o' clock cannon). The artillery is also used for formal occasions such as 21-gun salutes. A gun salute being fired by members of the The 21-gun salute is a ceremonial military honour performed when 21 rounds are fired from a cannon, rifle, or other form of firearm. ...

Fort George has a "living history" program featuring animators/actors portraying life in the fort where soldiers of the "78th Highland Regiment", the "Royal Artillery", "Soldier's Wives", and "Civilian Tradespersons" re-enact life from the Victorian Era.

There are guided and self-guided tours available as well as a weaponry museum, audio-visual presentations and exhibits which serve to communicate the Citadel's role in shaping Halifax's and North America's history.

In July 2006, Halifax Citadel celebrated the 100th anniversary of the withdrawal of the last British military forces from Canada. The citadel hosted over 1,000 re-enactors from around the world.

Approaching the Christmas season, Citadel Hill annually hosts a "Victorian Christmas". Visitors are treated to crafts, carolers and games. Christmas is an annual holiday that celebrates the birth of Jesus. ...

Town Clock

It is said that Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, the commander-in-chief of military forces in British North America, wished to correct the tardiness of the Halifax garrisons of the British Army and Royal Navy so he commissioned a clock tower in 1800 prior to his return to England. The Town Clock opened on October 20, 1803 at a location on the east slope of Citadel Hill on Barrack (now Brunswick) Street and has kept time for the community ever since. HRH The Prince Edward Augustus, Duke of Kent and Strathearn The Prince Edward Augustus, Duke of Kent and Strathearn (2 November 1767 – 23 January 1820) was a member of the British Royal Family, the fourth son of King George III and the father of Queen Victoria. ... Commander-in-Chief (in NATO-lingo often C-in-C or CINC pronounced sink) is the commander of all the military forces within a particular region or of all the military forces of a state. ... British North America was an informal term first used in 1783, but uncommon before the Report on the Affairs of British North America (1839), called the Durham Report. ... // ON MAY 5 1853 MR.FADER HAD SEX WITH A MAN NAME MR WIEN THEN THEY HAD SON NAMEDMRS COTURE AND MR MANOOGIAN WENT INTO MRS HASKELLS OFFICE NAKED AND DANCED AROUND AND MASTERBATED ON HER CHEST AND SHE LICKED IT OFF THEN THEY HAD ORAL SEEX WITH NAPLOEAN OF... The town clock from behind, on Citadel Hill. ... October 20 is the 293rd day of the year (294th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1803 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Halifax citadel

• Halifax Citadel National Historic Site of Canada
• Halifax Citadel Regimental Association
• Aerial view
• http://www.mikecampbell.net/citadelhill.htm
• Satellite Photo of Citadel Hill
• Halifax Citadel on Stickymap

Coordinates: 44°38.9′N, 63°34.8′W Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...