NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Citalopram

Citalopram is an antidepressant drug used to treat depression associated with mood disorders. It is also used on occasion in the treatment of body dysmorphic disorder and anxiety. In pharmacology and toxicology, a route of administration is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison or other substance is brought into contact with the body. ... A recent form of antidepressant medication - Prozac Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, Venlafaxine An antidepressant, in the most common usage, is a psychiatric medication taken to alleviate clinical depression or dysthymia (milder depression). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... On the Threshold of Eternity. ... A mood disorder is a condition whereby the prevailing emotional mood is distorted or inappropriate to the circumstances. ... Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a mental disorder that involves a disturbed body image. ... what up?? Anxiety is a physiological state characterized by cognitive, somatic, emotional, and behavioral components (Seligman, Walker & Rosenhan, 2001). ...

Citalopram belongs to a class of drugs known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). It is sold under the brand-names Celexa™ (U.S., Forest Laboratories, Inc.), Cipramil™ , Citrol™, Seropram™ (Europe and Australia), Recital™ (Israel, Thrima Inc. for Unipharm Ltd.), Zetalo (India), Celepram™, Ciazil™ (Australia), Zentius™ (South America, Roemmers) and Cipram™ (Denmark, H. Lundbeck A/S). SSRI redirects here; for other uses, see SSRI (disambiguation). ... Forest Laboratories is a pharmaceutical company based in New York, New York, USA. It is Chaired by Howard Solomon, father of Novelist Andrew Solomon. ...

History

Citalopram was originally created in 1989^[1] by the pharmaceutical company Lundbeck. The patent expired in 2003, allowing other companies legally to produce generic versions. H. Lundbeck A/S (also known as Lundbeck) is a Danish international pharmaceutical company engaged in the research and development, production, marketing and sale of drugs for the treatment of psychiatric and neurological disorders. ... For other uses, see Patent (disambiguation). ... A generic drug (pl. ...

Lundbeck has recently released an updated formulation called escitalopram (also known as Cipralex™ or Lexapro™), which is the S-enantiomer of the racemic citalopram (see below), and acquired a new patent for it. In the United States, Forest Laboratories licenses the rights for both Celexa and Lexapro from Lundbeck, which is based in Denmark. Lexapro pills Escitalopram (Lexapro, Cipralex, Sipralexa and Seroplex)[1] is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class. ... In chemistry, enantiomers (from the Greek á¼Î½Î¬Î½Ï„Î¹Î¿Ï‚, opposite, and Î¼ÎÏÎ¿Ï‚, part or portion) are stereoisomers that are nonsuperimposable complete mirror images of each other, much as ones left and right hands are the same but opposite. ... In chemistry, a racemate is a mixture of equal amounts of left- and right-handed stereoisomers of a chiral molecule. ... Citalopram is an antidepressant drug used to treat depression associated with mood disorders. ...

Indications

Approved

Citalopram is primarily used to treat the symptoms of depression but can also be prescribed for social anxiety disorder, panic disorder or obsessive-compulsive disorder. Also prescribed in Huntington's disease and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. On the Threshold of Eternity. ... Social anxiety is an experience of fear, apprehension or worry regarding social situations and being evaluated by others. ... Panic Disorder is a psychiatric condition characterized by reccurring panic attacks in combination with significant behavioral change or at least a month of ongoing worry about the implications or concern about having other attacks. ... Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome, afflicting 8% of all women. ...

Unapproved/Off-label/Investigational

Citalopram has been found to significantly reduce the symptoms of diabetic neuropathy^[2] and premature ejaculation.^[3] There is also evidence that citalopram may be effective in the treatment of post-stroke pathological crying.^[4] Diabetic neuropathies are neuropathic disorders that are associated with diabetes mellitus. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Emotional lability or pseudobulbar affect is described in labile affect. ...

Dosage

Initially, 10 or 20mg once daily, in the morning or evening, with or without food. If response is inadequate, consider an increase to 40 mg/day in 20 mg increments at intervals of no less than 1 week. Some elderly patients may respond to 10 mg/day. Titrate to a maximum of 40 mg/day if needed and tolerated. Hepatic impairment: 30 mg/day (maximum dosage). If Celexa therapy is to be discontinued, taper the dose over 1-2 weeks.

Side effects and drug interactions

Citalopram is generally considered safe and well-tolerated in the therapeutic dose range of 20 to 60 mg/day. A doctor must always monitor a patient taking an SSRI like citalopram. Distinct from some other agents in its class, Citalopram exhibits linear pharmacokinetics and minimal drug interaction potential, making it a better choice for the elderly or comorbid patients.^[5] This article does not cite any references or sources. ... SSRI is an acronym that stands for several things: It is a class of antidepressants called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor SSRI also is used as the stock symbol for Silver Standard Resources Inc. ... Pharmacokinetics (in Greek: pharmacon meaning drug, and kinetikos meaning putting in motion) is a branch of pharmacology dedicated to the determination of the fate of substances administered externally to a living organism. ... A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance affects the activity of a drug, i. ... In medicine and in psychiatry, comorbidity is either The presence of one or more disorders (or diseases) in addition to a primary disease or disorder; or The effect of such additional disorders or diseases. ...

Citalopram can have a number of adverse effects. In clinical trials, over 10% of patients reported one or more of the following side effects: fatigue, drowsiness, dry mouth, increased sweating (hyperhidrosis), trembling, headache, dizziness, sleep disturbances, insomnia, cardiac arrythmia, blood pressure changes, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, heightened anorgasmia in females, impotence and ejaculatory problems in males. In rare cases (around over 1% of cases), some allergic reactions, convulsions, mood changes, anxiety and confusion have been reported. Also sedation may be present during treatment of citalopram. If this occurs it is advisable to take the dose at bedtime instead of in the morning. â€œFatigue (physical)â€ redirects here. ... Somnolence (or drowsiness) is a state of near-sleep, a strong desire for sleep, or sleeping for unusually long periods. ... Xerostomia is the medical term for a dry mouth due to a lack of saliva. ... Perspiration (also called sweating or sometimes transpiration) is the production and evaporation of a fluid, consisting primarily of water as well as a smaller amount of sodium chloride (the main constituent of table salt), that is excreted by the sweat glands in the skin of mammals. ... Primary hyperhidrosis is the condition characterized by abnormally increased perspiration, in excess of that required for regulation of body temperature. ... For the film see Tremors (film). ... A headache (cephalalgia in medical terminology) is a condition of pain in the head; sometimes neck or upper back pain may also be interpreted as a headache. ... // Pre-syncope is a sensation of feeling faint. ... A sleep disorder (somnipathy) is a disorder in the sleep patterns of a person or animal. ... This article is about the sleeping disorder. ... Cardiac arrhythmia is a group of conditions in which the muscle contraction of the heart is irregular or is faster or slower than normal. ... A sphygmomanometer, a device used for measuring arterial pressure. ... For other uses, see Nausea (disambiguation). ... Emesis redirects here. ... Types 5-7 on the Bristol Stool Chart are often associated with diarrhea Diarrhea (in American English) or diarrhoea (in British English) is a condition in which the sufferer has frequent watery, loose bowel movements (from the Greek word Î´Î¹Î¬ÏÏÎ¿Î¹Î±; literally meaning through-flowing). Acute infectious diarrhea is a common cause... Anorgasmia (also known as Retarded Ejaculation in males) is a form of sexual dysfunction, sometimes classified as a psychiatric disorder, where the patient cannot achieve orgasm, even with adequate stimulation. ... Erectile dysfunction (ED) or impotence is a sexual dysfunction characterized by the inability to develop or maintain an erection of the penis. ... Ejaculation is the ejecting of semen from the penis, and is usually accompanied by orgasm. ... An allergy is an abnormal, acquired sensitivity to a given substance, including pollen, drugs, or numerous environmental triggers. ... This article is about epileptic seizures. ... A mood swing is an extreme or rapid change in mood. ... what up?? Anxiety is a physiological state characterized by cognitive, somatic, emotional, and behavioral components (Seligman, Walker & Rosenhan, 2001). ... Severe confusion of a degree considered pathological usually refers to loss of orientation (ability to place oneself correctly in the world by time, location, and personal identity), and often memory (ability to correctly recall previous events or learn new materal). ...

Another uncommon side effect is bruxism (teeth grinding).^[6] When patients start using Citalopram they may experience a feeling similar to electricity or minor shocks in their upper body and in their hands. This is caused by the chemical changes occurring in the brain and they pass with time. Occasionally, panic attacks, thoughts of suicide or self-harm may occur or increase in the first few weeks, before the antidepressant effect starts.^[7] Bruxism (from the Greek Î²ÏÏ…Î³Î¼ÏŒÏ‚ (brugmÃ³s), gnashing of teeth] is the grinding of the teeth, typically accompanied by the clenching of the jaw. ... Panic attacks are sudden, discrete periods of intense anxiety, fear and discomfort that are associated with a variety of somatic and cognitive symptoms[1]. The onset of these episodes is typically abrupt, and may have no obvious trigger. ... For other uses, see Suicide (disambiguation). ... Self-harm (SH) is deliberate injury to ones own body. ...

Citalopram and other SSRIs have been shown to cause sexual side effects in some patients, both males and females.^[8] Although usually reversible, these sexual side effects can sometimes last for months, years or possibly indefinitely even after the drug has been completely withdrawn. This disorder is known as Post SSRI Sexual Dysfunction. Post SSRI Sexual Dysfunction (PSSD) is a type of sexual dysfunction caused by the previous use of SSRI antidepressants. ...

Citalopram is contraindicated in individuals taking MAOIs. It is considered relatively safe in overdose, although fatal cases of dosages 840 mg to 1960 mg have been reported.^[9] In medicine, a contraindication is a condition or factor that increases the risk involved in using a particular drug, carrying out a medical procedure or engaging in a particular activity. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Discontinuation or withdrawal syndrome has been reported when treatment is stopped. Tapering off of Citalopram therapy, as opposed to abrupt discontinuation, is recommended in order to diminish the occurrence of discontinuation symptoms. SSRI discontinuation syndrome, also known as SSRI withdrawal syndrome or SSRI cessation syndrome, is a condition that can occur during or following the interruption, lowering of dose or discontinuation of regular SSRI or SNRI antidepressant drug usage. ...

Stereochemistry

Citalopram has a stereocenter, to which a 4-fluoro phenyl group and an N,N-dimethyl-3-aminopropyl group bind. Due to this chirality the molecule exists in (two) enantiomeric forms (mirror images). They are termed S-(+)-citalopram and R-(−)-citalopram. A stereocenter in organic chemistry generally refers to a carbon atom in a chemical compound that has four different types of atoms or groups of atoms attached to it. ... Some important fluorocarbons. ... The structure of the phenyl group In chemistry, the phenyl group or phenyl ring (often abbreviated as -Ph) is the functional group with the formula -C6H5 where the six carbon atoms are arranged in a cyclic ring structure. ... The term chiral (pronounced ) is used to describe an object which is non-superimposable on its mirror image. ... In chemistry, enantiomers (from the Greek á¼Î½Î¬Î½Ï„Î¹Î¿Ï‚, opposite, and Î¼ÎÏÎ¿Ï‚, part or portion) are stereoisomers that are nonsuperimposable complete mirror images of each other, much as ones left and right hands are the same but opposite. ...

Citalopram is sold as a racemic mixture, consisting of 50% R-(−)-citalopram and 50% S-(+)-citalopram. Only the S-(+) enantiomer has the desired antidepressant effect. Lundbeck now markets the S-(+) enantiomer, the generic name of which is escitalopram. Whereas citalopram is supplied as the hydrobromide, escitalopram is sold as the oxalate salt (hydrooxalate).^[10] In both cases, the salt forms of the amine makes these otherwise lipophilic compounds water-soluble. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1100x1079, 174 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Escitalopram Citalopram ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (991x1100, 227 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Citalopram ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1100x865, 20 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Citalopram ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1100x865, 20 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Citalopram ... In chemistry, a racemate is a mixture of equal amounts of left- and right-handed stereoisomers of a chiral molecule. ... H. Lundbeck A/S (also known as Lundbeck) is a Danish international pharmaceutical company engaged in the research and development, production, marketing and sale of drugs for the treatment of psychiatric and neurological disorders. ... Lexapro pills Escitalopram (Lexapro, Cipralex, Sipralexa and Seroplex)[1] is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into hydrogen bromide. ... An oxalate (called also: ethanedioate) is a salt or ester of oxalic acid. ... A magnified crystal of salt In chemistry, salt is a term used for ionic compounds composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions, so that the product is neutral and without a net charge. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

References

Main campus in downtown Rochester, Minnesota. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 206th day of the year (207th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 206th day of the year (207th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 206th day of the year (207th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

Category: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors In pharmacology, a psychoanaleptic is a medication which produces an arousing effect upon the patient. ... A recent form of antidepressant medication - Prozac Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, Venlafaxine An antidepressant, in the most common usage, is a psychiatric medication taken to alleviate clinical depression or dysthymia (milder depression). ... A section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System containing Psychoanaleptics. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Harmala, also known at various times as Telepathine and Banisterine, is a blanket term for a group of naturally occurring beta-carbolines including harmine, harmaline, and others. ... Iproniazid is a monamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) that was developed as the first anti-depressant (Also first psychiatric drug). ... Isocarboxazid is a nonselective hydrazine-derived monoamine oxidase inhibitor used in treatment resistant depression. ... Nialamide (EsprilÂ®, NiamidÂ®, NiaquitilÂ®, NuredalÂ®, NyazinÂ®, and PsicodistenÂ®) was one of the first MAOI (monoamine oxidase inhibitor) antidepressants. ... Pargyline is a monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitor indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe hypertension. ... Phenelzine (brand name Nardil) is an antidepressant drug that belongs to the monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) class of drugs. ... Selegiline (l-deprenyl, EldeprylÂ® or AniprylÂ® [veterinary]) is a drug used for the treatment of early-stage Parkinsons disease and senile dementia. ... Toloxatone is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor antidepressant. ... Tranylcypromine (sold under the brand name ParnateÂ®) is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) used as an antidepressant drug. ... Rasagiline (trade name AzilectÂ®) is a irreversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase used as a monotherapy in early Parkinsons disease or as an adjunct therapy in more advanced cases. ... These drugs, a subset of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), inhibit only isoenzyme A and are reversible. ... Brofarmine is a psychiatric drug primarily used to treat depression and anxiety. ... Î²-Carboline (9H-pyrid-[3,4-b]-indole) is an organic amine that is the prototype of a class of compounds known as Î²-Carbolines. ... Moclobemide (sold as AurorixÂ®, ManerixÂ®) is a psychiatric drug primarily used to treat depression and social anxiety. ... A neurotransmitter uptake inhibitor is a drug which inhibits the reuptake of the neurotransmitter, thus extending the duration of its effect. ... A serotonin uptake inhibitor is a drug which acts as a neurotransmitter uptake inhibitor on serotonin receptors. ... SSRI redirects here; for other uses, see SSRI (disambiguation). ... Alaproclate is an antidepressant that increases serotonin levels by inhibiting the uptake of 5-HT. Today, its primarily used to stagment the cravings for cocaine. ... Dapoxetine is the International Nonproprietary Name of a drug currently being considered for approval by the FDA for the treatment of premature ejaculation in men, which would make it the first drug approved for such treatment. ... Lexapro pills Escitalopram (Lexapro, Cipralex, Sipralexa and Seroplex)[1] is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class. ... Etoperidone is a 5-HT agonist used primarily in the 1970s to impede the effects of LSD. ... Fluoxetine pills. ... Fluvoxamine (brand name as LuvoxÂ®, FaverinÂ®, FevarinÂ® and DumyroxÂ®) is an antidepressant which functions pharmacologically as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. ... Paroxetine or paroxetine hydrochloride is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant. ... Zoloft bottles, with blue and green tablets Sertraline hydrochloride (also sold under brand names Zoloft, Lustral, Apo-Sertral, Asentra, Gladem, Serlift, Stimuloton, Xydep, Serlain, Concorz) is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class. ... // General Remars and History Zimelidine is a pyridylallylamine and has a structure different from other antidepressants. ... Chemical structure of the tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline. ... There are also several chemically unrelated tetracyclic antibiotics based on Tetracycline. ... Clomipramine (brand-name AnafranilÂ®) is a tricyclic antidepressant. ... Nefazodone hydrochloride (trade name Serzone) is an antidepressant drug marketed by Bristol-Myers Squibb. ... Trazodone (trade names Desyrel, Molipaxin, Trittico, Thombran, Trialodine) is a psychoactive compound with sedative, anxiolytic, and antidepressant properties. ... Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (NRIs) are compounds that increase amounts of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine in the brain by inhibiting its reuptake at synapses. ... A adrenergic uptake inhibitor is a drug which blocks the reuptake of adrenergic neurotransmitters. ... Atomoxetine is the first non-stimulant drug approved for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ... Reboxetine is an antidepressant drug used in the treatment of clinical depression, panic disorder and ADD/ADHD. Its mesilate ( methanesulfonate) salt is sold under tradenames including EdronaxÂ®, NoreboxÂ®, ProliftÂ®, SolvexÂ® or VestraÂ®. Reboxetine has two chiral centers, but it only exists as two enantiomers, (R,R)-(-)- and (S,S)-(+)-reboxetine. ... Viloxazine is a bicyclic antidepressants[2] that inhibits the reuptake of serotonin, and to a lesser extent, dopamine and norepinephrine. ... Chemical structure of the tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline. ... There are also several chemically unrelated tetracyclic antibiotics based on Tetracycline. ... Amitriptyline (or Amitryptyline) hydrochloride (sold as Elavil, Tryptanol, Endep, Elatrol, Tryptizol, Trepiline, Laroxyl) is a tricyclic antidepressant drug. ... Amoxapine (Asendin®; Asendis®; Defanyl®; Demolox®; Moxadil®) is a tricyclic antidepressant of the dibenzoxazepine class. ... Butriptyline (Dl-10,11-Dihydro-N,N,beta-trimethyl-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene-5-propylamine) is a tricyclic antidepressant with sedative properties and uses similar to that of amitriptyline. ... Desipramine is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) that inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine. ... Lofepramine (trademarked Gamanil) is a tricyclic antidepressant prescribed primarily for sleeping and eating disorders. ... Dibenzepin (NoverilÂ®) is a muscarinic antagonist. ... Dosulepin hydrochloride (sometimes known outside the USA as dothiepin hydrochloride) is an antidepressant of the tricyclic family. ... Doxepin is a tricyclic antidepressant, known under many brand-names such as AponalÂ®, the original preparation by Boehringer-Ingelheim, now part of the Roche group; AdapineÂ®, SinquanÂ® and SinequanÂ® (Pfizer Inc. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Iprindole (C19H28N2), a 5-HT2 antagonist, is a tricyclic antidepressant that can be fatal when combined with MDMA. Categories: | ... Melitracen (or melitracene) is a tricyclic antidepressant. ... Nortriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant marketed under the tradenames Aventyl® and Pamelor®. It is used to treat depression. ... Opipramol (Opipramol-neuraxpharmÂ®, InsidonÂ®), 4-[3-(5H-Dibenz[b,f]azepin-5-yl)propyl]-1-piperazinethanol, is a anxiolytic primarily used in Germany. ... Protriptyline (VivactilÂ®) is a tricyclic antidepressant indicated for depression and ADHD. Categories: | ... Trimipramine is an tricyclic antidepressant with sedative and anxiolytic properties. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ... This does not cite any references or sources. ... Vanoxerine, also known as GBR-12909, is a piperazine derivative which is a potent and selective dopamine reuptake inhibitor. ... Phenmetrazine is an amphetamine-like drug. ... Chemical structure of the tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline. ... Amineptine is an atypical tricyclic antidepressant that selectively inhibits the reuptake of dopamine and to a lesser extent norepinephrine, thus exerting a powerful and fast-acting antidepressant effect. ... Serotonin Norepinephrine Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are a class of antidepressant used in the treatment of clinical depression and other affective disorders. ... Desvenlafaxine succinate, marketed under the name Pristiq, is an antidepressant of the serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor class from Wyeth. ... Duloxetine (brand names Cymbalta, Yentreve, and in parts of Europe, Xeristar or Ariclaim) is a drug which primarily targets major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), pain related to diabetic peripheral neuropathy and in some countries stress urinary incontinence (SUI). ... Milnacipran is an antidepressant of the serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor class. ... Nefazodone hydrochloride (trade name Serzone) is an antidepressant drug marketed by Bristol-Myers Squibb. ... Venlafaxine hydrochloride (Effexor) is an antidepressant of the serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) class. ... A Norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor is a class of drugs that is both: Dopamine reuptake inhibitor Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor An example is Bupropion. ... Bupropion (INN; also amfebutamone,[1] brand names Wellbutrin, Zyban, Budeprion and Buproban) is an atypical antidepressant, which acts as a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor and dopamine reuptake inhibitor,[2] and a nicotinic antagonist. ... Serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine-reuptake-inhibitors (SNDRI) are a class of psychoactive antidepressants. ... Brasofensine is a serotonin-noradrenaline-dopamine reuptake inhibitor. ... Tesofensine is a serotonin-noradrenaline-dopamine reuptake inhibitor, which also seems to increase the action of acetylcholine in the brain, probably due to downstream effects. ... Nomifensine is a dopamine reuptake inhibitor that increases the amount of synaptic dopamine available to receptors by blocking dopamines re-uptake transporter. ... Tianeptine (INN) (StablonÂ®, CoaxilÂ®, TatinolÂ®), is structurally similar to the tricyclic antidepressants. ... Tianeptine (INN) (StablonÂ®, CoaxilÂ®, TatinolÂ®), is an SSRE, or Selective Serotonin Reuptake Enhancer, structurally similar to the tricyclic antidepressants. ... An Adrenergic antagonist is a pharmaceutical substance that acts to inhibit the action of the adrenergic receptors. ... There are also several chemically unrelated tetracyclic antibiotics based on Tetracycline. ... Mianserin is a tetracyclic antidepressant that has antihistaminic and hypnosedative, but almost no anticholinergic, effect. ... Mirtazapine is an antidepressant introduced by Organon International in 1996 used for the treatment of mild to severe depression. ...

Contents

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