CiteSeer is a public search engine and digital library for scientific and academic papers. It was created by researchers Dr. Steve Lawrence, Kurt Bollacker and Dr. Lee Giles while they were at the NEC Research Institute (now NEC Labs), Princeton, New Jersey, USA. CiteSeer crawls and harvests academic and scientific documents on the web and uses autonomous citation indexing to permit querying by citation or by document ranking them by citation impact. It is hosted on the World Wide Web at the College of Information Sciences and Technology, The Pennsylvania State University, and has over 700,000 documents, primarily in the fields of computer and information science and engineering. Google search is the worlds most popular search engine. ... A digital library is a library in which collections are stored in digital formats (as opposed to print, microform, or other media) and accessible by computers. ... Dr. Steve Lawrence was among the group at NEC Research which was responsible for the creation of the Search Engine/Digital Library CiteSeer. ... Dr. Kurt Bollacker is computer scientist with a research background in the areas of machine learning, digital libraries, semantic networks, and electro-cardiographic modeling. ... Dr. C. Lee Giles is the David Reese Professor at the College of Information Sciences and Technology at the Pennsylvania State University. ... NEC Corporation is a multi-national information technologies company headquarterd in Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan. ... NEC Corporation (Jp. ... Nassau Street, Princetons main street. ... A citation index is an index of citations between publications, allowing the user to easily establish which later documents cite which earlier documents. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... WWWs historical logo designed by Robert Cailliau The World Wide Web is a system of interlinked, hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. ... The Pennsylvania State University (commonly known as Penn State) is a state-related, land-grant university. ... Computer science, or computing science, is the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their implementation and application in computer systems. ... The Ancient Library of Alexandria, an early form of information storage and retrieval. ...

CiteSeer freely provides Open Archives Initiative metadata of all indexed documents and links indexed documents when possible to other sources of metadata such as DBLP and the ACM portal. The Open Archives Initiative (OAI) is an attempt to build a low-barrier interoperability framework for digital archives (aka institutional repositories) containing digital content (aka digital libraries). It allows people (Service Providers) to harvest metadata (from Data Providers). ... The simplest definition of metadata is that it is data about data - more specifically information (data) about a particular content (data). ... DBLP, a computer science bibliography site, was originally a database and logic programming bibliography site, homed at Universität Trier, in Germany, and has existed at least since the 1980s. ... The Association for Computing Machinery, or ACM, was founded in 1947 as the worlds first scientific and educational computing society. ...

CiteSeer's goal is to improve the dissemination and access of academic and scientific literature. As a non-profit service that can be freely used by anyone, it has been considered as part of the open access movement that is attempting to change academic and scientific publishing to allow greater access to scientific literature. Open access (OA) means immediate, free and unrestricted online access to digital scholarly material[1], primarily peer-reviewed research articles in scholarly journals. ... Academic publishing describes the subfield of publishing which distributes academic research and scholarship. ...

The name is a pun. A 'sightseer' is a tourist who looks at the sights, so a 'cite seer' would be a researcher who looks at cited papers.

CiteSeer has not been comprehensively updated since roughly 2000. It should not be used as a representative sampling of current research. A comparison of DBLP (see link below) references versus CiteSeer for well known authors such as Alex Pentland (MIT) or Ramesh Jain (UCI) (Example DBLP listings for Alex Pentland - http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/indices/a-tree/p/Pentland:Alex.html or Ramesh Jain - http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/indices/a-tree/j/Jain:Ramesh.html ) shows a regular number of publications (~9) each year in DBLP through 2007, however, CiteSeer has only one of their publications after 2000. Google Scholar on the other hand appears to be current. DBLP, a computer science bibliography site, was originally a database and logic programming bibliography site, homed at Universität Trier, in Germany, and has existed at least since the 1980s. ... MIT Professor Alex (Sandy) Pentland is a pioneer in wearable computers, health systems, smart environments, and technology for developing countries. ... Mapúa Institute of Technology (MIT, MapúaTech or simply Mapúa) is a private, non-sectarian, Filipino tertiary institute located in Intramuros, Manila. ... Ramesh Jain is a scientist and entrepreneur whose decades long career has spanned several universities and startup companies. ... The University of California, Irvine is a public research university primarily situated in suburban Irvine, California, USA; a significant portion of the campus falls into the neighboring community of Newport Beach. ... MIT Professor Alex (Sandy) Pentland is a pioneer in wearable computers, health systems, smart environments, and technology for developing countries. ... Ramesh Jain is a scientist and entrepreneur whose decades long career has spanned several universities and startup companies. ... DBLP, a computer science bibliography site, was originally a database and logic programming bibliography site, homed at Universität Trier, in Germany, and has existed at least since the 1980s. ... Google Scholar Logo Google Scholar (GS) is a freely-accessible web search engine that indexes the full-text of scholarly literature across an array of publishing formats and disciplines. ...

Recent developments

New CiteSeer Engines

The CiteSeer model has recently been extended to cover academic documents in business, SmealSearch, and in e-business, eBizSearch. For enhanced access and performance, mirrors of CiteSeer are now available at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Zürich and the National University of Singapore. SmealSearch is a web portal and search engine based on the CiteSeer digital library and search engine technology created by researchers Steve Lawrence, Kurt Bollacker and Lee Giles while they were at the NEC Research Institute (now NEC Labs), Princeton, NJ, USA. It has been enhanced and modified by Lee... The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private, coeducational research university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts. ... The University of Zurich (in German: Universität Zürich) is the largest university of Switzerland, in the city of Zurich. ... University Cultural Centre The National University of Singapore (Abbreviation: NUS; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: ; Abbreviated 国大; Malay: Universiti Nasional Singapura; Tamil: சிங்கப்பூர் தேசிய பல்கலைக்கழகம்) is Singapores oldest university. ...

Mirrors of CiteSeer are available at the following links:
MIT Univ. of Zurich National Univ. of Singapore

Next Generation CiteSeer (CiteSeer^x)

The Next Generation CiteSeer project, CiteSeer^x, funded by the National Science Foundation and Microsoft Research, enhances CiteSeer both as a search engine and as a digital library. As an example, research underway expands CiteSeer's notion of "contribution" to acknowledgments in addition to citations, which would make it the first automatically generated acknowledgment index. A beta version is currently available at the CiteSeer site. Microsoft Research (MSR) is a division of Microsoft created in 1991 for researching various computer science topics and issues. ... In the creative arts and scientific literature, an acknowledgment (also spelled acknowledgement) is an expression of gratitude for assistance in creating a literary or artistic work. ... An acknowledgment index keeps track of which articles in scientific journals acknowledge which persons or organizations. ...

See also

• Citation index
• CiteULike
• The Collection of Computer Science Bibliographies
• DBLP (Digital Bibliography & Library Project)
• getCITED
• Google Scholar
• Institute for Scientific Information's Web of Science
• Libra (Academic Search)
• List of academic databases and search engines
• Scirus
• Scopus
• SmealSearch

A citation index is an index of citations between publications, allowing the user to easily establish which later documents cite which earlier documents. ... CiteULike is a social bookmarking service for academics. ... // Overview The Collection of Computer Science Bibliographies is one of the oldiest (if not the oldest) bibliography collection freely accessible in the Internet. ... DBLP, a computer science bibliography site, was originally a database and logic programming bibliography site, homed at Universität Trier, in Germany, and has existed at least since the 1980s. ... getCITED is a web site and database that lists publication and citation information on academic articles whose information is entered by members. ... Google Scholar Logo Google Scholar (GS) is a freely-accessible web search engine that indexes the full-text of scholarly literature across an array of publishing formats and disciplines. ... The Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) was founded by Eugene Garfield in 1960. ... Web of Science is an online academic database provided by Thomson Scientific. ... This article is under construction. ... This page contains a partial list of representative major databases and search engines useful in an academic setting for finding and accessing articles in academic journals, or in repositories, archives, or other collections of scientific and other articles. ... Scirus is a comprehensive science-specific search engine. ... Binomial name Scopus umbretta Gmelin, 1789 The Hammerkop (Scopus umbretta) is a medium sized (56cm) bird with a long shaggy crest. ... SmealSearch is a web portal and search engine based on the CiteSeer digital library and search engine technology created by researchers Steve Lawrence, Kurt Bollacker and Lee Giles while they were at the NEC Research Institute (now NEC Labs), Princeton, NJ, USA. It has been enhanced and modified by Lee...

External links

• Official website
• ParaCite
• Citebase
• DBLP
• CiteSeer MIT mirror
• The Collection of Computer Science Bibliographies (includes among other collections also CiteSeer and DBLP)
• CiteSeer search tool
• Digital Libraries and Autonomous Citation Indexing by Steve Lawrence, C. Lee Giles and Kurt Bollacker
• Libra Academic Search, MSRA