The Silk Roads.

Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1223x794, 366 KB) // Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1223x794, 366 KB) // Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ...

Along the continental Silk Road

From Istanbul, Turkey to Mashhad, Iran:

• Constantinople (now Istanbul), Turkey
• Bursa, Turkey
• Antioch, Turkey
• Konya, Turkey
• Adana, Turkey
• Aleppo, Syria
  • following the river Euphrates until Fallujah
• Ramadi, Iraq
• Fallujah, Iraq
• Abu Ghraib, Iraq
• Baghdad, Iraq
• Baquba, Iraq
• Kermanshah, Iran
• Hamadan, Iran
• Tehran, Iran
• Hecatompylos (was probably located near Damghan), Iran
• Sabzevar, Iran
• Neyshabur, Iran
• Mashhad, Iran

From Masshad, Iran to Turpan, China (See below: northern route along the Taklamakan desert): Map of Constantinople. ... Istanbul (Turkish: , Greek: , historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see other names) is Turkeys most populous city, and its cultural and financial center. ... Bursa (formerly known as Brusa, Greek Prusa, Προύσσα) is a city in northwestern Turkey and the capital of Bursa Province. ... Antioch on the Orontes (Greek: Αντιόχεια η επί Δάφνη, Αντιόχεια η επί Ορόντου or Αντιόχεια η Μεγάλη; Latin: Antiochia ad Orontem, also Antiochia dei Siri), the Great Antioch or Syrian Antioch was an ancient city located on the eastern side (left bank) of the Orontes River about 30 km from the sea and its port, Seleucia Pieria. ... Tomb of Mevlana Rumi is a popular attraction of Konya. ... Adana (the ancient Antioch in Cilicia or Antioch on the Sarus) is the capital of Adana Province in Turkey. ... Aleppo (or Halab Arabic: ‎, ) is a city in northern Syria, capital of the Aleppo Governorate. ... Surfer Rosa The Euphrates (IPA: /juːˈfreɪtiːz/; Greek: EuphrátÄ“s; Akkadian: Pu-rat-tu; Hebrew: פְּרָת PÄ•rāth; Syriac: Prâth; Arabic: الفرات Al-Furāt; Turkish: Fırat; Kurdish: فرهات, Firhat, Ferhat, Azeri: FÉ™rat) is the western of the two great rivers that define Mesopotamia (the other... Saddam Mosque Ramadi (Arabic: ‎ ; BGN: Ar RamādÄ«) is a city in central Iraq, about 100 kilometers west of Baghdad. ... This article is about the city of Fallujah in Iraq. ... Map of Iraq highlighting Abu Ghraib The city of Abu Ghraib (BGN/PCGN romanization: AbÅ« Ghurayb; أبو غريب in Arabic) in Iraq is located 32 kilometres (20 mi) west of Baghdads city center, or some 15 km northwest of Baghdad International Airport. ... Baghdad (Arabic: ) is the capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate. ... Baquba (بعقوبه; also transliterated as Baqubah and Baqouba) is the capital of Iraqs Diyala province. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Avicennas tomb in Hamedan Hamadan or Hamedan ( Persian: همدان ) is the capital city of Hamadan Province of Iran. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Hecatompylos was a city in west Khurasan, Iran, and was the capital of the Arsacid dynasty by 200 BCE. The site is now called Å ahr-e Qumis, but the Greek name Hecatompylos means one hundred gates. ... Damghan is a town of northern Iran, in Semnan Province, 216 mi. ... Tomb of Meulana Hosein Kashefi, Sabzevar. ... Nishapur (or Neyshâbûr; نیشابور in Persian) is a town in the province of Khorasan in northeastern Iran, situated in a fertile plain at the foot of the Binalud Mountains, near the regional capital of Mashhad. ... Mashhad (also spelt Mashad, Persian: ‎ , literally the place of martyrdom) is the second largest city in Iran and one of the holiest cities in the Shia world. ...

• Merv, Turkmenistan
• Urgench, Turkmenistan
• Bukhara, Uzbekistan
• Samarkand, Uzbekistan
• Tashkent, Uzbekistan
• Shahrisabz, Uzbekistan
• Hazrat-e Turkestan, Kazakhstan
• Ürümqi, China
  

  

  Ruins of Muhammad II's palace in Old Urgench.

From Masshad, Iran to Kashi, China: Merv – Persian name: مرو; formerly Alexandria and Antiochia in Margiana (Greek: Αντιόχεια η Μαργιανή) – in current-day Turkmenistan, was a major oasis-city in Central Asia, on the historical Silk Road, located near todays Mary. ... Ruins of Muhammad IIs palace in Old Urgench. ... Bukhara (Tajik: Бухоро; Persian: ‎, Buxârâ; Uzbek: ; Russian: ), from the Soghdian βuxārak (lucky place), is the fifth-largest city in Uzbekistan, and capital of the Bukhara Province (viloyat). ... Samarkand (Tajik: Самарқанд, Persian: ‎ , Uzbek: , Russian: ), population 412,300 in 2005, is the second-largest city in Uzbekistan and the capital of Samarqand Province. ... Tashkent Tashkent (Uzbek: , Russian: , English: ) is the current capital of Uzbekistan and also of Tashkent Province. ... Shahrisabz or Shahr-e Sabz (from the Persian meaning green city), also known as Kesh, is a city in Uzbekistan approximately 50 mi. ... The Mazar of Shaikh Ahmad Yasavi in the town of Turkestan. ... Ürümqi Ürümqi (Uyghur: ئۈرۈمچی; Uyghur Latin script: Ürümqi; Simplified Chinese: 乌鲁木齐; Traditional Chinese: 烏魯木齊; pinyin: ), with a population about 1. ... Image File history File links 1950s photo of a ruined karavansarai in Old Urgench. ... Image File history File links 1950s photo of a ruined karavansarai in Old Urgench. ... Ala ad-Din Muhammad II (علاءالدين محمد ʿAlā al-Dīn Muḥammad) was the ruler of the Khwarezmid Empire from 1200 to 1220. ... Ruins of Muhammad IIs palace in Old Urgench. ...

• Herat, Afghanistan
• Bamyan, Afghanistan
  • the famous Buddhas of Bamyan destroyed by the Taliban in 2001
• Kabul, Afghanistan
• Peshawar, Pakistan
  • the Karakorum highway
• Ahmedabad, India
• Mumbai, India
• Kashi (or Kashgar), China

From Kabul, Afghanistan to Arabian Sea port at Debal, Pakistan Herāt (Persian: ‎ ) is a city in western Afghanistan, in the province also known as Herāt. ... Bamiyan province is one of the thirty_four provinces of Afghanistan. ... One of the Buddhas of Bamyan as it stood in 1963. ... Public execution of a woman by Taliban at Ghazi Sports Stadium, 1999. ... For other places with the same name, see Kabul (disambiguation). ... Peshāwar (Pashto: پښور; Urdu: پشاور) literally means City on the Frontier in Persian and is known as Pakhawar in Pashto. ... The Karakoram Highway (KKH) is the highest international road in the world. ... Ahmedabad (Gujarati: , Hindi: अहमदाबाद ) is the largest city in the state of Gujarat and the seventh-largest urban agglomeration in India, with a population of almost 51 lakhs (5. ... “Bombay” redirects here. ... Location of Kashgar Kashgars Sunday market Kashgar (also spelled Cascar[1]) (Uyghur: /; Chinese: ; pinyin: , ), is an oasis city in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of the Peoples Republic of China. ...

• Kabul, Afghanistan
• Peshawar, Pakistan
• Taxila, Pakistan
• Multan, Pakistan
• Debal, Pakistan
• Egypt
• Babylon
• Arabia
• Persia
• India
• Ceylon

The northern route along the Taklamakan desert from Kashi, China to Anxi, China: For other places with the same name, see Kabul (disambiguation). ... Peshāwar (Pashto: پښور; Urdu: پشاور) literally means City on the Frontier in Persian and is known as Pakhawar in Pashto. ... Taxila is an important archaelogical site in Pakistan containing the ruins of the Gandhāran city and university of Takshashila (also Takkasila or Taxila) an important Vedic/Hindu[1] and Buddhist[2] centre of learning from the 5th century BCE to the 2nd century CE. In 1980, Taxila was declared... It has been suggested that Hindu temples in Multan be merged into this article or section. ... Debal was a port located at modern Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. ... Babylon (in Arabic: بابل; in Syriac: ܒܒܙܠ in Hebrew:בבל) was an ancient city in Mesopotamia (modern Al Hillah, Iraq), the ruins of which can be found in present-day Babil Province, about 50 miles (80 km) south of Baghdad. ... The Arabian Peninsula The Arabian Peninsula is a mainly desert peninsula in Southwest Asia at the junction of Africa and Asia and an important part of the greater Middle East. ... For other uses of this term see: Persia (disambiguation) The Persian Empire is the name used to refer to a number of historic dynasties that have ruled the country of Persia (Iran). ... Dust storm in Taklamakan from space, June 25, 2005 The Taklamakan (also Taklimakan) is a desert of Central Asia, in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region of the Peoples Republic of China. ...

• Aksu, China
• Kuqa or Kucha, China
• Korla, China
• Jiaohe, China
• Loulan, China
• Turpan or Turfan, China
  • the Bezeklik Thousand Buddha Caves
• Kumul/Hami, China
  

  The Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasavi in the town of Hazrat-e Turkestan. Built by Timur in the 1390s.

The southern route along the Taklamakan desert from Kashi, China to Anxi, China: Aksu (also known as Ak-su, Akshu, Aqsu, Bharuka and Po-lu-chia. ... Kucha (Modern Chinese Simplified: 库车, Traditional: 庫車, pinyin Kùchē, also romanized Chiu-tzu, Kiu-che, Kuei-tzu. ... Kucha/Kuchar (Chinese Simplified: 库车; Traditional: 庫車; pinyin KùchÄ“; also romanized as Chiu-tzu, Kiu-che, Kuei-tzu. ... Location of Korla Korla (simplified Chinese: 库尔勒; traditional Chinese: 庫爾勒;pinyin: Kùěrlè) is a city south of Karashahr (Yanqi), and is the capital of the Bayinguoleng Mongolian Prefecture, the largest prefecture in China. ... Jiaohe (蛟河) is a middle-sized city attached to Jilin City in the Jilin Province of China. ... A carved wooden beam from Loulan, 3-4th century CE. The patterns show influences from ancient western civilizations. ... Turfan (Modern Chinese 吐魯番; pinyin: Tulufan, ancient Chinese Gaochang, also: Kao-chang, Turpan) is an oasis city in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region of the Peoples Republic of China. ... position in China Street of Turfan View of the Flaming mountains Emin minaret, Turfan Turfan (Uyghur: تۇرپان; Uyghur latin: Turpan; Modern Chinese 吐魯番, Pinyin: TÇ”lÇ”fán; ) is an oasis city in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Fresco painted in a Bezeklik cave. ... Kumul or Hami (Uyghur: قۇمۇل/K̢umul; Chinese: 哈密; Pinyin: Hāmì) is an oasis in Xinjiang (China); it is also the name of a modern city and the sourrounding district. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1420x1015, 528 KB)View of the Mazar of Shaikh Ahmad Yasavi in the Town of Turkestan. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1420x1015, 528 KB)View of the Mazar of Shaikh Ahmad Yasavi in the Town of Turkestan. ... A view of the Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasavi in Turkestan, Kazakhstan. ... The Mazar of Shaikh Ahmad Yasavi in the town of Turkestan. ... Statue of Timur in Shahrisabz, Uzbekistan TÄ«mÅ«r bin Taraghay Barlas (Chagatai Turkic: تیمور - TÄ“mōr, iron) (1336 – February 1405) was a 14th-century warlord of Turco-Mongol descent[1][2][3][4], conqueror of much of Western and central Asia, and founder of the Timurid Empire (1370–1405... Dust storm in Taklamakan from space, June 25, 2005 The Taklamakan (also Taklimakan) is a desert of Central Asia, in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region of the Peoples Republic of China. ...

• Hotan or Khotan, China
• Minfeng (Niya), China
• Minghoshan (Dunhuang or Tunhuang), China
  • the Mogao Caves

From Anxi, China to Xi'an, China: Khotan is an oasis town and a prefecture in the Taklamakan desert that was part of the southern silk road. ... Mosque in Khotan. ... Minfeng or New Niya (泥雅) () is a town on the southern edge of the Tarim Basin, in the Minfeng County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. ... Niya is a site on the southern edge of the Tarim Basin, in modern-day Xinjiang, China at which numerous Buddhist scriptures were recovered. ... Location of Dunhuang Dunhuang (Chinese: 敦煌, also written as 燉煌 till early Qing Dynasty; pinyin: Dūnhuáng; ) is a city in Jiuquan, Gansu province, China. ... The Mogao Caves, or Mogao Grottoes (Chinese: ; pinyin: ) form a system of 492 temples near Dunhuang, in Gansu province, China. ...

• Anxi, China
• Yumen, China
• Zhangye, China
• Wuwei, China
• Lanzhou, China
• Xi'an, China

Korea Parthia empire at its greatest extent The Parthian Empire was the dominating force on the Iranian plateau beginning in the late 3rd century BC, and intermittently controlled Mesopotamia between ca 190 BC and 224 AD. Parthia was the arch-enemy of the Roman Empire in the East and it limited... Yumen (Simplified Chinese: 玉门; Traditional Chinese: 玉門; pinyin: Yùmén, situated in western Gansu province in China, is a county-level city of over 100,000 famous for oil production and located on the Silk Road, at . ... Zhangye (simplified Chinese: 张掖; pinyin: Zhāngyì) is a prefecture-level city in Chinas Gansu province. ... Wuwei (woo-WAY) Taoist concept of a disengagement from the affairs of the world. ... Lanzhou (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Lan-chou; Postal map spelling: Lanchow) is the capital of and a prefecture-level city in the Gansu province, China. ... Xian (Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Hsi-An; Postal System Pinyin: Sian), is the capital of Shaanxi province in China and a sub-provincial city. ...

• Pyongyang, North Korea
• Seoul, South Korea

Japan Not to be confused with PyeongChang. ... Seoul   is the capital of South Korea and is located on the Han River in the countrys northwest. ...

• Nara

Nara ) is the capital city of Nara Prefecture in the Kansai region of Japan. ...

Along the Silk Road (of the sea)

• Debal
• Quanzhou
• Guangzhou
• Colombo
• Goa
• Mumbai
• Cochin
• Masulipatnam
• Lothal
• Astrakhan
• Derbent
• Aden
• Suez
• Ayas
• Venice Italy
• Rome Italy

Debal was a port located at modern Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. ... The characters 泉州 are also used for SenshÅ«, an alternate name for the former Japanese province of Izumi. ... Guangzhou is the capital and the sub-provincial city of Guangdong Province in the southern part of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Map of Colombo with its administrative districts Coordinates: District Colombo Division, Colombo District Mayor Uvaiz Mohammad Imitiyaz (Sri Lanka Freedom Party) Area    - City 37. ... Goa   (Konkani: गोंय goṃya; Marathi: गोवा govā; Portuguese: Goa) is Indias smallest state in terms of area and the fourth smallest in terms of population (after Sikkim, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh). ... “Bombay” redirects here. ... Cochin may refer to: Cochin China Kingdom of Kochi, a former princely state of India, merged with Travancore to form the State of Kerala Cochin city, the former name of the city of Kochi, in Kerala Hôpital Cochin, a famous hospital in Paris, France Cochin font, from the Adobe... Machilipatnam, also known as Masulipatnam or Bandar, is a city on the southeastern or Coromandel Coast of India. ... Ancient Lothal as envisaged by the Archaeological Survey of India. ... Astrakhan coat of arms features the Khans crown and a sabre Astrakhan (Russian: ; Tatar: Ästerxan), a major city in southern European Russia and the administrative center of Astrakhan Oblast. ... Derbent is built around a Sassanid fortress, the only one preserved in the world. ... Port of Aden (around 1910). ... SUEZ (Euronext: SZE, NYSE: SZE) is a leading French-based multinational corporation, with operations primarily in water, electricity and natural gas supply, and waste management. ... Ayas is a small town in Yumurtalık district, Adana Province, Turkey, located east of the mouth of the Ceyhan River. ... Venice (Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venezsia) is the capital of region Veneto, and has a population of 271,663 (census estimate January 1, 2004). ... Nickname: The Eternal City Motto: SPQR: Senatus PopulusQue Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC  - Mayor Walter Veltroni Area    - City 1285 km²  (580 sq mi)  - Urban...

On Southeast Asia

• Kedah (Early history of Kedah)
• Langkasuka
• Ligor
• Chi Tu
• Gangga Nagara
• Malacca
• Pan Pan
• Funan
• Vijaya of Champa
• Chenla
• Khmer / Kambuja
• Hoi An
• Srivijaya
• Pasai
• Perlak