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Most cities in Europe have different names in different languages. Some cities have also undergone name changes for political or other reasons. This article attempts to give all known different names for all major European cities. It also includes some smaller towns that are important because of their location or history.
This article also lists cities of Turkey, Soviet Union. A number of important Mediterranean Basin cities are also included.
This article does not offer any opinion about what the "original", "official", "real", or "correct" name of any city is or was. Cities are listed alphabetically by their current best-known name in English. The English version is followed by variants in other languages, in alphabetical order by name, and then by any historical variants and former names.
Foreign names that are the same as their English equivalents may be listed, to provide an answer to the question "What is that name in..."?.
A | English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) | | Aabenraa | Åbenrå (Danish), Apenrade (German) | | Aachen | Aix-la-Chapelle (French), Aken (Dutch), Akwizgran (Polish), Aquae Grani or Aquisgranum (Latin), Aquisgrà (Catalan), Aquisgrán (Spanish), Aquisgrana (Italian, Portuguese), Cáchy (Czech), Åxhe (Walloon) | | Aalst | Aalst (Dutch), Alost (French) | | Aarhus | Århus (Danish) | | Abbeville | Abbatis Villa (Latin), Abbeville (French) | | Adrianople | Adhrianúpolis - Αδριανούπολις (Greek), Adrianopel (German), Adrianopla (Portuguese), Adrianopol (Polish, Romanian, Slovak), Adrianopole (Romanian), Adrianopoli (Italian), Adrianopolis (Czech, Dutch), Adrianópolis (Spanish), Drinápoly (Hungarian), Drinopol (variant in Czech and Slovak), Edirne (Czech, Dutch, Serbian, Slovak, Turkish), Hadrianople (variant in English), Odrin (Bulgarian) | | Aiud | Aiud (Romanian), Nagyenyed (Hungarian), Strassburg (German) | | Aix-en-Provence | Aix-en-Provence (French), Aquae Sextiae (Latin) | | Aix-les-Bains | Aix-les-Bains (French), Aquae Gratianae (Latin) | | Albacete | Albacete (Spanish), al-Basīt (Arabic) | | Alba Iulia | Alba Iulia (Romanian), Apulum (Latin), Gyulafehérvár (Hungarian), Karlsburg (German), Weißenburg (old German name) | | Alexandroupolis | Alexandhrúpolis - Αλεξανδρούπολις (Greek), Alexandropolis (Dutch), Dedeağaç (Turkish) | | Algeciras | Algeciras (Spanish), al-Jazīra (Arabic) | | Algiers | Algeri (Italian), Alger (French, Romanian), Algier (German, Polish), Algiers (Dutch), al-Jazā'ir (Arabic), Alžir (Serbian), Alžyras (Lithuanian), Argel (Portuguese, Spanish), Cezayir (Turkish), Icosium (Latin) | | Alicante | Akra Leuke (Ancient Greek), Alacant (Catalan), Alicante (Spanish), Alikantė (Lithuanian), al-Laqant (Arabic), Lucentum (Latin) | | Almaty | Alma-Ata (Dutch, Portuguese, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Turkish), Ałma Ata (Polish), Almata (Lithuanian), Almaty (Kazakh) | | Amsterdam | Amstardam (Irish), Amstardām (Arabic), Amsterdam (Dutch, French, Italian, Polish, Swedish), Amsterdamas (Lithuanian), Amsterdão (Portuguese), Amsterodam (Czech), Amszterdam (Hungarian), Aemstelredamme / Amstelredam (old Dutch names) | | Ankara | Ancara (Portuguese), Ancyra (Latin), Angora (former English name, Italian [obs.]), Ankara (Polish, Turkish), Ánkira - Άγκυρα (Greek), Anqara (Arabic) | | Anklam | Anklam (German), Nakło nad Pianą (Polish) | | Antioch | Antakya (Turkish), Antioche (French), Antiochia (Italian, German, Polish, Slovak), Antiochie (Czech), Antiohia (Romanian), Antiokia (Finnish, Swedish), Antioquía (Portuguese, Spanish) | | Antwerp | Amberes (Spanish), Amvérsa - Αμβέρσα (Greek), Antuérpia (Portuguese), Antverpen (Russian, Serbian, Ukrainian), Antverpenas (Lithuanian), Antverpene (Latvian), Antverpy (Czech, Slovak), Antwīrb (Arabic), Antwerpen (Dutch, Finnish, German, Swedish), Antwerpia (Polish), Anvers (French), Anversa (Italian), Anviesse (Walloon) | | Aquileia | Akwileja (Polish), Aquileia (Italian), Aquileja (German), Oglej (Slovene) | | Archangel | Arcángel (Spanish), Archangelsk (German), Archangelskas (Lithuanian), Archangielsk (Polish), Arhanđel (Serbian), Arhanghelsk (Romanian), Arkangeli (Finnish), Arkhangel'sk (Russian) | | Arlon | Arlon (French), Aarlen (Dutch), Arel (German) | | Arnhem | Arnheim (German), Arnhem (Dutch, Polish), Arnhim (Frisian) | | Arras | Arasu - アラス (Japanese), Arazzo (medieval Italian), Arras (French, German, Italian, Swedish), Atrecht (Dutch) | | Aschaffenburg | Aschaffenburg (German), Aschaffenburgo (Spanish) | | Ashkhabad | Ašchabád (Czech, Slovak), Aschchabad / Aschgabad / Aschgabat (German), Ašgabat (Finnish), Aşgabat / Aşkabat (Turkish), Aşhabad (Romanian), Ašhabad (Serbian), Ashgabat (Turkmen), Ashkhabad (Russian), Ashxobod (Uzbek), Asjchabad (Dutch), Aszchabad (Polish), Išq Ābād (Arabic) | | Assisi | Ascesi (medieval Italian), Asís (Spanish), Assis (Portuguese), Assise (French), Assisi (Dutch, German, Italian), Asyż (Polish) | | Astana | Akmolinsk (Russian), Akmola (Finnish), Akmola (variant in Russian), Akmoła (former Polish), Aqmola (former Kazakh), Astana (Kazakh, Polish), Tselinograd (former Russian) | | Athens | Afiny (Russian, Ukrainian), An Aithin (Irish), Ateena (Finnish), Aten (Norwegian, Swedish) Aten - אַטען (Yiddish), Atena (Croatian, Romanian), Atėnai (Lithuanian), Atenas (Portuguese, Spanish), Atēnas (Latvian), Atene (Italian), Atenes (Catalan), Atény (Czech, Slovak), Ateny (Polish), Athen (Danish, German, Norwegian, Swedish), Athén (Hungarian), Aþena (Icelandic), Athenae (Latin), Athene (Dutch), Athènes (French), Athény (alternative Czech name), Athína - Αθήνα (Greek), Atīnā (Arabic), Atina (Bulgarian, Serbian, Turkish) | | Augsburg | Augsbourg (French), Augsburg (German, Polish), Augsburgo (Spanish), Augšpurk / Aušpurk (Czech), Augusta (Italian), Oogsborg (Low Saxon) | | Avignon | Avenio (Latin), Avignon (French), Avignone (Italian), Avinhão (Portuguese), Aviñón (Spanish), Awinion (Polish) |
B | English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) | | Baia Mare | Baia Mare (Romanian), Gross-Schlatten (German), Nagybanya (Hungarian) | | Baku | Bakoe (Dutch), Bakou (French), Bākū (Arabic), Bakü (Turkish) | | Bar (Montenegro) | Antivari (Italian), Bar (Croatian, Serbian); Dioclea or Doclea (Latin; ancient city nearby), Duklja (Croatian, Macedonian, Serbian; same ancient city and medieval state) | | Barcelona | Barcellona (Italian), Barcelona (Portuguese, Spanish, Polish), Barcelone (French), Barcino (Latin), Barna (Spanish abbreviation), Baršalūna (Arabic), Barselona (Lithuanian, Russian, Serbian, Turkish, Ukrainian), Varkelóni - Βαρκελόνη (Greek), Bårçulone (Walloon) | | Basel | Bâle (French), Basilea (Italian, Romansh, Spanish), Basileia (Portuguese), Basilej (Czech), Basle (variant in English), Bazel (Dutch), Bázel (Hungarian), Bazel' (Russian, Serbian, Ukrainian), Bazelis (Lithuanian), Bāzil (Arabic), Bazilej (Slovak), Bazylea (Polish), Vasilía - Βασιλεία (Greek) | | Bastogne | Bostogne (English, French), Bastenaken (German) | | Bath | Aquae Sulis (Latin), Baðum / Baðan / Baðon (Anglo-Saxon), Caerfaddon (Welsh) | | Bautzen | Budyšin (Upper Sorbian), Budyšín (Czech, Slovak), Budyšyn (Lower Sorbian), Budziszyn (Polish) | | Będzin | Będzin (Polish), Bendin (Russian, Yiddish), Bendzin (German) | | Bela Crkva | Bela Crkva (Serbian), Biała Cerkiew (Polish), Bílá Cerevek (Czech) | | Belfast | Béal Feirste (Irish), Belfastas (Lithuanian) | | Belfort | Beffert (German), Befert (old German) | | Belgrade | Béalgrád (Irish), Bělehrad (Czech), Belehrad (Slovak), Belgrad (Bulgarian, Finnish, German, Macedonian, Polish, Romanian, Russian, Turkish), Belgrád (Hungarian), Belgrada (Latvian), Belgradas (Lithuanian), Belgrado (Dutch, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Beograd (Croatian, Danish), Beograd - Београд (Serbian), Bilġrād (Arabic), Bjelhrad (Ukrainian), Nándorfehérvár (former Hungarian), Singidunum (Latin), Velighrádhi (Greek), Belgrade (French), Belgråde (Walloon) | | Berat | Berat / Berati (Albanian), Albánský Bělehrad (Czech) | | Berdychiv | Berdychiv (Ukrainian), Berdichev (Russian), Barditshev (Yiddish), Berdyczów (Polish), Berdicev (Romanian), | | Bergen (Norway) | Bergen (Norwegian), Bergenas (Lithuanian), Björgvin (Icelandic) | | Berlin | Barlīn (Arabic), Barliń (Lower Sorbian), Beirlín (Irish), Berliin (Estonian), Berliini (Finnish), Berlijn (Dutch), Berlim (Portuguese), Berlín (Czech, Icelandic, Slovak, Spanish), Berlin (Croatian, Danish, German, Hungarian, Norwegian, Romanian, Swedish, Yiddish, French, Walloon), Berlīne (Latvian), Berlino (Italian, Esperanto), Berlyn (Afrikaans, Frisian), Berlynas (Lithuanian), Verolíno (Greek) | | Berne | Bern (Czech, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, German, Russian, Slovak, Turkish, Ukrainian), Berna (Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Romansh, Spanish), Bernas (Lithuanian), Berno (Polish), Vérni - Βέρνη (Greek) | | Białowieża | Bělověž (Czech), Białowieża (Polish) | | Białystok | Białystok (Polish), Belostok (Russian), Byalistok (Yiddish) | | Biel/Bienne | Belenus (Latin), Biel (German), Bienne (French) | | Biella | Biella (Italian), Bugella (Latin) | | Bilbao | Bilbao (Spanish), Bilbau (Portuguese), Bilbo (Basque), | | Bil'shivtsi | Bil'shivtsi (Ukrainian), Bol'shovtsy (Russian), Bolszowce (Polish), Bolshvets (Yiddish) | | Birmingham | Бирмингем (Russian) | | Bishkek | Bichkek (French), Bischkek (German), Biškek (Finnish, Serbian), Bişkek (Romanian, Turkish), Biškekas (Lithuanian), Biszkek (Polish); Frunze (former name) | | Bischofswerda | Bischofswerda (German), Biskupice (Polish) | | Bistriţa | Beszterce (Hungarian), Bistriţa (Romanian), Bistritz (German) | | Bologna | Bologna (Italian, Romanian), Bologne (French), Boloňa (Czech), Bolonha (Portuguese), Bolonia (Polish, Spanish), Bolonija (Lithuanian), Bolonja (Serbian), Bolonya (Turkish) | | Bouillon | Bouillon (French), Bouyon (Walloon) | | Bolzano | Bolzano (Italian), Bozen (German) | | Bordeaux | Bordeaux (French), Bordèu (Gascon), Bordéus (Portuguese), Bordo (Lithuanian), Bordozo (Esperanto), Burdeos (Spanish), Burdigala (Latin) | | Bonn | Bona (Lithuanian, Portuguese), Bonna or Castrum Bonnense (Latin), Vóni - Βόννη (Greek) | | Botoşani | Botoshan (alt. spelling) | | Braniewo | Braniewo (Polish), Braunsberg (German), Brus (Old Prussian) | | Braşov | Braşov (Romanian), Brassó (Hungarian), Braszów (Polish), Corona (Latin), Kronstadt (German), Stephanópolis (Greek) | | Bratislava | Bratislava - Братислава (Bulgarian), Bratislava (Czech, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Lithuanian, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovak, Swedish), Bratyslava (Ukrainian), Bratysława (Polish), Pozsony (Hungarian), Presbourg (French till 1919), Pressburg (variant in German), Prešporok (Slovak till 1919)
[Note: The name was officially changed from Pressburg/Prešporok/Pozsony to Bratislava in 1919; for a list of older names see Bratislava] | | Břeclav | Břeclav (Czech), Lundenburg (German) | | Bremen | Bréma (Hungarian), Brema (Italian, Polish, Spanish), Brême (French), Bremen (Afrikaans, Croatian, Danish, Estonian, Frisian, German, Portuguese, Norwegian, Romanian, Swedish), Brėmenas (Lithuanian), Brémy (Czech, Slovak), Brimarborg (Icelandic), Vrémi (Greek) | | Bremerhaven | Bremerhaven (German), Brémský Přístav (Czech) | | Brest (Belarus) | Brasta (Lithuanian), Brest-Litovsk (former English and Russian name), Brześć Litewski (Polish), Brześć nad Bugiem (Polish 1918-1939); Lietuvos Brasta (former Lithuanian name); Brisk (Yiddish) | | Bristol | Briostó (Irish), Caerodor (Welsh) | | Brno | Brno (Czech), Brünn (German, Hungarian) | | Brody | Brody (Polish, Russian, Ukrainian), Brod (Yiddish) | | Bruges | Briž (Macedonian, Serbian), Bruges (French, Portuguese), Brugge (Dutch), Brügge (German), Bruggia (old Italian), Bruggy (Slovak), Brugia (Polish), Brugy (Czech), Brujas (Spanish), Brygge (Finnish), وبروج (Arab) | | Bruntál | Bruntal (Polish), Bruntál (Czech), Freudenthal (German) | | Brunswick | Braunschweig (German, Slovene, variant in English), Braunšvajg (Serbian), Brunšvik (Czech), Brunsvique (Portuguese), Brunswick (French, Italian, Spanish), Brunswijk (Dutch), Brunszwik (Polish) | | Brussels | An Bhruiséil (Irish), Bréissel (Luxembourgish), Brisel (Macedonian, Serbian), Brisele (Latvian), Brisl (Yiddish), Briuselis (Lithuanian), Brüksel (Turkish), Bruksela (Polish), Brūksil (Arabic), Brusel (Czech, Slovak), Brusela (Basque), Bruselas (Spanish), Bruselles (Catalan), Brussel (Dutch, Norwegian), Brüssel (German), Brusselle (Italian [obs.]), Brüsszel (Hungarian), Bruxelas (Portuguese), Bruxelles (Danish, French, Italian, Romanian), Bryssel (Danish, Finnish, Swedish), Bryuksel (Bulgarian), Bryussel (Russian, Ukrainian), Vrixéles - Βρυξέλλες (Greek), Brussele (Walloon) | | Brzesko | Brzesko (Polish), Brigl (Yiddish) | | Buchach | Buchach (Ukrainian), Buczacz (Polish), Betshotsh (Yiddish) | | Bucharest | Boekarest (Dutch), Búcairist (Irish), Bucarest (French, Italian, Spanish), Bucareste (Portuguese), Bucureşti (Romanian), Bukarest (Danish, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Swedish), Bukareštas (Lithuanian), Bukareste (Latvian), Bukareszt (Polish), Bukharest (Russian, Ukrainian), Bükreş (Turkish), Bukurešt (Bulgarian, Croatian, Macedonian, Serbian), Bukurešť (Czech, Slovak), Būqārist (Arabic), Voukourésti (Greek) | | Buda (now part of Budapest) | Buda (Italian, Hungarian, Portuguese), Budín (Czech), Budin (Turkish), Ofen (German) | | Budapest | Boedapest (Dutch), Būdābist (Arabic), Búdaipeist (Irish), Budapest (Italian, German, Hungarian), Budapešt (Russian, Ukrainian), Budapešť (Czech, Slovak), Budapešta (Bulgarian), Budapesta (Romanian), Budapeštas (Lithuanian), Budapeste (Portuguese), Budapeşte (Turkish), Budapeszt (Polish), Budimpešta (Croatian, Macedonian, Serbian), Voudhapésti (Greek) | | Budweis | Budweis (German), Budziejowice (Polish), České Budějovice (Czech, Slovak) | | Buje | Buie d'Istria (Italian), Buje (Croatian) | | Butrint | Butrint / Butrinti (Albanian), Butrinto (Italian) | | Buzet | Buzet (Croatian), Pinguente (Italian) | | Bydgoszcz | Bromberg (German), Bydgostia (Latin), Bydgoszcz (Polish) | | Bytom | Beuthen (German), Bytom (Polish) | | Bytow | Betowo (Kashubian/Pomeranian), Bütow (German), Bytów (Polish) |
C | English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) | | Cádiz | Cadice (Italian), Cádis (Portuguese), Cadix (French), Cádiz (Spanish), Gades (Ancient Greek), Gadir (Phoenician), Kadyks (Polish), Kadiz (Serbian), al-Qādis (Arabic) | | Cagliari | Cagliari (Italian), Càller (Catalan), Casteddu (Sardinian), Kaljari (Serbian) | | Cairo | Le Caire (French), Caireo (Irish), Caïro (Dutch), Cairo (Portuguese), El Cairo (Spanish), Il Cairo (Italian), Káhira (Czech), Kair (Polish), Kairas (Lithuanian), Kairo (Bulgarian, Croatian, Finnish, German, Norwegian, Slovene, Swedish), Kairó (Hungarian), Qahir - קהיר (Hebrew), al-Qāhirah (Arabic), Maşr (local dialect name) | | Cambridge (England) | Caergrawnt (Welsh), Cantabrigia (Latin), Cantabrígia (Portuguese), Kembridžas (Lithuanian), Kembriĝp (Esperanto) | | Canterbury | Caergaint (Welsh), Cantorbéry (French), Kantaraborg (Icelandic), Kantelberg (Dutch) | | Carcassonne | Carcassona (Italian), Carcassonne (French) | | Cardiff | Caerdydd (Welsh), Kārdifa (Latvian), Ovicubium (Vulgar Latin) | | Carlsbad | Karlovi Vari (Bulgarian, Croatian), Karlovy Vary (Czech), Karlsbad (German, Swedish) | | Cartagena | Cartagena (Spanish), Cartagina (Romanian), Carthagène (French), Carthago Nova (Latin), al-Qartājanna (Arabic) | | Celje | Celeia (Latin), Celje (Slovene), Celle (German), Cille (Hungarian), Cilli (older English (1911 EB), older German), Kelea (Celtic) | | Cetinje | Cettigne (Italian), Cetinje (Serbian) | | Charleroi | Charleroi (French, Dutch), Châlerwè / Tchålerwè (Walloon) | | Cheb | Cheb (Czech), Eger (German) | | Chełmno | Chełmno (Polish), Culm (variant in German), Kulm (German) | | Chemnitz | Chemnitz (German), Kamienica Saska (Polish), Saská Kamenice (Czech); Karl-Marx-Stadt (German 1953-1990) | | Chernyakhovsk | Chernyakhovsk (Russian), Insterburg (German), Įsrutis (Lithuanian), Wystruc (Polish) | | Chester | Caerllion-ar-Dyfrdwy often abbreviated to Caer (Welsh) | | Chişinău | Chişinău (Moldovan/Romanian), Chisinau (Portuguese), Keshenev (Yiddish), Kischinew (German), Kishinjov - Кишинёв (Russian), Kīšīnāw (Arabic), Kišineu (Bulgarian), Kišiněv (Czech), Kišiniovas (Lithuanian), Kišinjev (Serbian), Kišiňov (Slovak), Kisinyov (Hungarian), Kiszyniów (Polish), Kyšyniv (Ukrainian) | | Chorzów | Chorzów (Polish), Králova Huť (Czech) | | Cieszyn | Cieszyn (Polish), Teschen (German), Těšín (Czech), Tešín (Slovak) | | Cleves | Cléveris (Spanish), Clèves (French), Kleef (Dutch), Kleve (German) | | Cluj | Claudiopolis (Latin), Cluj-Napoca (Romanian), Klausenburg (German), Kluž (Czech, Slovak), Kluż (Polish), Kolozsvár (Hungarian) | | Coblenz | Coblença (Portuguese), Coblence (French), Coblenza (Italian, Spanish), Koblencja (Polish), Koblenz (German, Slovene) | | Coburg | Cobourg (French), Coburg (German), Coburgo (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish) | | Coimbra | Coimbra (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Coimbre (French), Conimbriga (Latin), Qulumriya (Arabic) | | Cologne | Cologne (French), Colonia (Italian, Spanish), Colónia (Portuguese), Keln (Serbian, Yiddish), Kelnas (Lithianian), Keulen (Dutch), Kjol'n (Russian, Ukrainian), Kolín nad Rýnem (Czech), Kolín nad Rýnom (Slovak), Kölle (Kölsch [local dialect]), Köln (Finnish, German, Hungarian, Icelandic, Romanian, Swedish, Turkish), Kolonía (Greek), Kolonia (Polish) | | Constanţa | Constanţa (Romanian), Küstendji (old Turkish name) | | Copenhagen | Cóbanhávan (Irish), Copenaghen (Italian), Copenhaga (Portuguese, Romanian), Copenhague (French, Spanish), Hafnia (Latin), Kaupmannahöfn (Icelandic), Kobenhaven (Slovene), København (Danish, Norwegian), Kūbinhāġin (Arabic), Kodaň (Czech, Slovak), Kööpenhamina (Finnish), Kopengagen (Bulgarian, Russian), Kopenhaagen (Estonian), Kopenhag (Turkish), Kopenhaga (Lithuanian, Polish), Kopenhagen (Croatian, Dutch, German), Kopenhāgena (Latvian), Köpenhamn (Swedish), Kopenkhági (Greek), Koppenhága (Hungarian) | | Córdoba | Córdoba (Spanish), Cordoue (French), Còrdova (Catalan), Cordova (Italian), Córdova (Portuguese), Kordoba (Slovene), Qurtubah (Arabic) | | Corfu | Corcyra (Latin), Corfou (French), Corfù (Italian), Corfú (Spanish), Kérkira - Κέρκυρα (Greek), Korfu (Finnish, German, Hungarian, Polish, Slovak), Krf (Croatian, Macedonian, Serbian, Slovene) | | Corinth | Corint (Catalan), Corinthe (French), Corinto (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Korint (Croatian, Czech, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene), Kórinta (Icelandic), Korintas (Lithuanian), Korinth (German), Korinthe (Dutch), Kórinthos - Κόρινθος (Greek), Korintti (Finnish), Korynt (Polish) | | Cork | Corc (Welsh), Corcaigh (Irish) | | Corunna | La Corogne (French), A Coruña (Galician), La Coruña (Spanish), Corunha (Portuguese) | | Cottbus | Chociebuż (Polish), Chóśebuz (Sorbian), Chotěbuz (Czech) | | Cracow | Cracovia (Italian, Spanish, Romanian), Cracóvia (Portuguese), Cracovie (French), Kroke (Yiddish), Kraká (Icelandic), Krakau (Dutch, German), Krakiv (Ukrainian), Krakkó (Hungarian), Krakov (Croatian, Czech, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, Turkish), Krakova (Finnish), Krakovía - Κρακοβία (Greek), Krakovo (Esperanto), Kraków (Polish), Krākūf (Arabic), Krokuva (Lithuanian) | | Crécy | Crécy-en-Ponthieu (French), Kresčak (Czech) |
D | English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) | | Daugavpils | Daugavpils (Latvian), Denenburg (Yiddish), Dünaburg (German), Dvinsk (Russian) | | Debrecen | Debrecen (Hungarian), Debrecín (Czech), Debreţin (Romanian) | | Den Bosch | Bois-le-Duc (French), Bolduque (Spanish), Boscoducale (Italian [obs.]), Den Bos (Frisian), Den Bosch / 's-Hertogenbosch (Dutch), Herzogenbusch (German) | | Dijon | Digione (Italian), Dijon (French), Diviodunum (Latin) | | Dillingen | Dilinga (Spanish), Dillingen (German) | | Donetsk | Doneţk (Romanian), Donetsk (Russian), Donetskas (Lithuanian), Donezk (German), Donieck (Polish), Donjeck (Serbian); Stalino (former name), Yuzovka (former name) | | Dover | Douvres (French), Doveris (Lithuanian), Duvra (Latvian) | | Drachhausen | Drachhausen (German), Hochoza (Lower Sorbian) | | Dresden | Drážďany (Czech, Slovak), Dresda (Italian, Portuguese, Romanian), Dresde (French, Spanish), Drésdi (Greek), Drezda (Hungarian), Drezdenas (Lithuanian), Drezno (Polish), Drježdźany (Lower Sorbian) | | Drohobycz | Drobitsh (Yiddish), Drogobych (Russian), Drohobych (Ukrainian), Drohobycz (German, Polish) | | Dubrovnik | Dubrovnik (Croatian, Serbian), Dubrovnikas (Lithuanian), Ragusa (Italian), Raguse (old French) | | Dublin | Baile Átha Cliath (Irish), Dubh Linn (archaic Irish variant), Dablin (Arabic, Serbian), Dhuvlíno - Δουβλίνο (Greek), Dublim (Portuguese), Dublín (Spanish), Dublinas (Lithuanian), Dublino (Italian), Dulenn (Breton), Dulyn (Welsh), Dyflinni (Icelandic) | | Dunkirk | Dhunkérki - Δουγκέρκη (Greek), Duinkerken (Dutch), Dunkerque (French), Dunkierka (Polish), Dünkirchen (German), Dunquerque (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish) | | Durrës | Drač (Croatian, Czech, Serbian), Durazzo (Italian), Durrës / Durrësi (Albanian) | | Düsseldorf | Diuseldorfas (Lithuanian), Dizeldorf (Macedonian), Düsseldorf (German), Dusseldórfia (Portuguese), Dusseldorp (Dutch), Duesseldorf (Walloon) | | Dushanbe | Doesjanbe (Dutch), Douchanbé (French), Dušanbe (Finnish, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Tajik), Dušanbė (Lithuanian), Duşanbe (Romanian, Turkish), Dūšānbī (Arabic), Duschanbe (German), Dusjanbe (Swedish), Duszanbe (Polish); Hissar (former name) |
E | English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) | | Edinburgh | Caeredin (Welsh), Dún Éideann (Irish), Dùn Èideann (Scots Gaelic), Edhimvúrgho - Εδιμβούργο (Greek), Edinborg (Icelandic), Edimbourg (French), Edimburgo (Italian, Portuguese), Edinburg (German [rare]), Edinburga (Latvian), Edinburgas (Lithuanian), Edinburk (Czech), Edynburg (Polish) | | Eger | Eger (Hungarian), Eğri (Turkish), Erlau (German), Jager (Czech), Jáger (Slovak), Jagier (Polish) | | Eisenhüttenstadt | Eisenhüttenstadt (German), Żelazowa Huta (Polish), Stalinstadt (former German name) | | Elbląg | Elbiąg (local Polish dialect), Elbląg (Polish), Elbing (German), Ilfing or Truso (Old Prussian) | | Ełk | Ełk (Polish), Lyck (German) | | Elsinore | Elseneur (French), Elsinor (Spanish), Elsinore (Italian), Helsingør (Danish), Helsingör (Finnish, German, Swedish) | | Emmerich | Emmerich (German), Emmerik (Dutch) | | Erlangen | Erlangen (German), Erlanky (Czech) | | Esztergom | Esztergom (Hungarian), Gran (German), Ostřihom (Czech), Ostrihom (Slovak), Ostrzyhom (Polish), Estergon (Turkish) | | Eupen | Eupen (German, French, Dutch), Néau, Neyow, Naowe, Naouwe (Walloon) |
F | English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) | | Flensburg | Flensborch (Low Saxon), Flensborg (Danish), Flensburg (German) | | Florence | Firenca (Croatian, Serbian), Firenze (Finnish, Hungarian, Italian), Flórans (Irish), Floransa (Turkish), Florença (Portuguese), Florència (Catalan), Florencia (Slovak, Spanish), Florencie (Czech), Florencija (Lithuanian), Florencja (Polish), Florens (Swedish), Florenţa (Romanian), Florenz (German),Florence (French), Florance (Walloon) | | Flushing | Flesinga (Spanish), Flessinga (Italian), Flessingue (French), Vlissingen (Dutch) | | Fort Augustus | Cille Chumein (Scots Gaelic) | | Frankfurt | Francfort (Catalan), Fráncfort del Meno (Spanish), Francfort-sur-le-Main (French), Francoforte sobre o Meno (Portuguese), Francoforte sul Meno (Italian), Frankfurt am Main (German), Frankfurtas prie Maino (Lithuanian), Frankfúrti - Φραγκφούρτη (Greek), Frankfurt nad Menem (Polish), Frankfurt nad Mohanem (Czech), Frankfurt nad Mohanom (Slovak), Frankfurt pe Main (Romanian) | | Frankfurt (East Germany) | Fráncfort del Oder (Spanish), Francfort-sur-l'Oder (French), Francoforte sobre o Oder (Portuguese), Francoforte sull'Oder (Italian), Frankfurt an der Oder (German), Frankfurtas prie Oderio (Lithuanian), Frankfurt nad Odrą (Polish), Frankfurt nad Odrou (Slovak, Czech), Frankfurt pe Oder (Romanian) | | Freiburg | Freiburg im Breisgau (German), Fribourg-en-Brisgau (French), Friburgo di Brisgovia (Italian) | | Freising | Brižinje/Brižine (Slovene), Freising (German), Frisinga (Italian, Spanish), Frisingue (French) | | Fribourg | Freiburg im Üechtland (German), Fribourg (French), Friburg (Romansh), Friburgo (Italian, Portuguese) | | Frombork | Frauenburg (German), Frombork (Polish) |
G | English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) | | Gallipoli | Galipolis (Lithuanian), Galipolje (Croatian, Serbian), Gallipoli (Italian), Gelibolu (Turkish), Kalípolis - Καλλίπολις (Greek) | | Galway | Gaillimh (Irish) | | Gdańsk | Dants (Yiddish), Danzica (Italian), Danzig (German), Gdaňsk (Czech), Gdańsk (Polish), Gdanskas (Lithuanian), Gduńsk (Kashubian) | | Gdynia | Gdingen (German), Gdiniô (Kashubian/Pomeranian), Gdyně (Czech), Gdynė (Lithuanian), Gdynia (Polish), Gotenhafen (German 1939-1945) | | Geneva | Cenevre (Turkish), Genebra (Portuguese), Geneve / Genève (Dutch), Geneve (Finnish), Genève (French), Genevra (Romansh), Genewa (Polish), Genf (German, Hungarian), An Ghinéiv (Irish), Ginebra (Catalan, Spanish), Ginevra (Italian), Jinīf (Arabic), Yenévi - Γενέβη (Greek), Ženeva (Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Lithuanian, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Ukrainian), Djeneve (Walloon) | | Genoa | Cenova (Turkish), Đenova (Serbian), Gênes (French), Gènova (Catalan), Genova (Finnish, Italian, Romanian), Génova / Gênova (Portuguese), Génova (Spanish), Genua (Dutch, German, Latin, Polish), Genuja (Lithuanian), Janov (Czech, Slovak), Zena (Genoese) | | Ghent | Gand (French), Gandawa (Polish), Gante (Spanish), Gent (Dutch/Flemish, Finnish, German), Guanto (old Italian) | | Gibraltar | Cebelitarık (Turkish), Gibilterra (Italian), Gibraltar (Spanish), Gibraltaras (Lithuanian) | | Girona | Gerona (Spanish), Girona (Catalan) | | Gjirokastër | Argirocastro (Italian), Aryirókastron (Greek), Gjirokastër / Gjirokastra (Albanian), Ergiri (Turkish) | | Glarus | Glaris (French), Glarona (Italian), Glaruna (Romansh), Glarus (German) | | Glasgow | Glaschú (Irish), Glaschù (Scots Gaelic) | | Gliwice | Gleiwitz (German), Gliwice (Polish) | | Gmünd | Cmunt (Czech), Gmünd (German) | | Gorizia | Gorica (Slovene), Gorizia (Italian), Görz (German) | | Görlitz | Görlitz (German), Zgorzelec (Polish), Zhořelec (Czech) | | Gothenburg | Gautaborg (Icelandic), Gioteburgas (Lithuanian), Goeteborg (Polish), Göteborg (Finnish, German, Swedish), Göteburg (Turkish), Gotemburgo (Portuguese, Spanish), Gotenburg (Dutch, German [obs.]) | | Göttingen | Getynga (Polish), Getynky (Czech), Gœttingue (French), Gotinga (Spanish, Portuguese), Gottinga (Italian) | | Gramzow | Gramzow (German), Grębowo (Polish) | | Granada | al-Ġarnāda (Arabic), Granada (Italian, Spanish, Lithuanian), Grenade (French) | | Graz | Gradec (Slovene), Graz (German), Grodziec (Polish), Štýrský Hradec (Czech) | | Greifswald | Greifswald (German), Gryfia (Polish) | | Grodno | Gardinas (Lithuanian), Grodno (Polish, Russian), Grodne (Yiddish), Hrodna (Belarusian), Hrodno (Ukrainian) | | Groningen | Grins (Frisian), Groninga (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Groningen (Dutch, German), Groningue (French), Grönnen / Grunnen / Grunn'n (Gronings), Groot Loug or Stad (local nicknames) | | Grozny | Djovkhar Ghaala (Chechen), Džochargala (alternative Lithuanian name), Groznas (Lithuanian), Groznîi (Romanian), Groznyj - Грозный (Russian) | | Grudziądz | Graudenz (German), Grudziądz (Polish) | | Günzburg | Günzburg (German), Gunzburgo (Spanish) | | Gusev | Gabin (Polish), Gumbinė (Lithuanian), Gumbinnen (German), Gusev - Гусев (Russian) | | Győr | Győr (Hungarian), Raab (German), Ráb (Czech) |
H | English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) | | Haderslev | Hadersleben (German), Haderslev (Danish) | | Hamburg | Amburgo (Italian), Amvúrgho - Αμβούργο (Greek), Gamburg - Гамбург (Russian), Hamborg (Danish, Swedish), Hambourg (French), Hamburch (Frisian, Low Saxon), Hambūrġ (Arabic), Hamburg (Afrikaans, Croatian, Danish, Estonian, German, Hungarian, Polish, Romanian), Hamburgas (Lithuanian), Hamburgo (Portuguese, Spanish), Hamburk (Czech), Hampuri (Finnish) | | Hämeenlinna | Hämeenlinna (Finnish), Tavastehus (Swedish) | | Hamelin | Hamelen (Dutch), Hamelin (French, Italian, Portuguese), Hamelín (Spanish), Hameln (German) | | Hanau | Hanau (German), Hanava (Czech) | | Hanover | Anóvero - Ανόβερο (Greek), Ganover - Гановер (Russian), Hannover (Dutch, Finnish, German, Italian), Hanôver (Portuguese), Hanóver (Spanish), Hanoveris (Lithuanian), Hanovra (Romanian), Hanovre (French), Hanower (Polish), Hanôve (Walloon) | | Hasselt | Hasselt (Dutch, French), Hasse / Hasque / Hassèl (Walloon), | | Heligoland | Helgoland (German) | | Helsinki | Elsínki (Greek), Helsingfors (Danish, Swedish), Helsingi (Estonian), Hel'sinki (Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian), Helsinki (Finnish, Italian, Polish), Helsinkis (Lithuanian), Helsinky (Czech), Helsinque (Brazilian Portuguese), Helsínquia (Portuguese), Helsset (North Sami), Hilsīnkī (Arabic) | | Heraklion | Candia (Italian), Iraklion (Greek, Polish), Kandiye (Turkish) | | 's Hertogenbosch | 's Hertogenbosch (Dutch), Bois-le-Duc (French), Boscoducale (Italian) | | Homyel' | Gomel' (Russian), Homl (Yiddish), Homyel' (Belarusian), Homel (Polish) | | Hoyerswerda | Hoyerswerda (German), Wojerecy (Sorbian) | | Huy | Huy (French), Hoei (Dutch), Hu (Walloon) |
I | English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) | | Iaşi | Iaşi (Romanian), Jassy (German, also older English), Iassy (old French name), Yaş (Turkish), | | Innsbruck | Innsbruck (German), Inomost (Old Slovene), Inomostí / Inšpruk (Czech), Insbrukas (Lithuanian) | | Ioannina | Giannina (Italian), Ianina (Aromanian), Ioannina (Finnish), Ioánnina - Ιωάννινα (Greek), Janinë / Janina (Albanian), Yánena - Γιάννενα / Yánina - Γιάννινα (Greek variants), Yanya (Turkish) | | Istanbul | Constantinoble (Catalan), Estambul (Spanish), Istambul (Croatian, Italian, Portuguese, Serbian), Istanboel (Dutch), Istanbūl (Arabic), Istanbuł / Stambuł (Polish), Istanbul (Romanian), İstanbul (Turkish), Isztambul (Hungarian), Konstantinúpoli (Greek), Mikligarður (Icelandic), Stamboll (Albanian), Stamboul (French), Stambul (Russian, Ukrainian), Stambula (Latvian), Stambulas (Lithuanian)
Former names: Bizánc / Konstantinápoly (Hungarian), Bizanc / Carigrad / Konstantinopel (Slovene), Bizâncio / Constantinopla (Portuguese), Bizancjum / Carogród / Konstantynopol (Polish), Bizant / Carigrad / Konstantinopol (Croatian, Serbian), Bizanţ / Constantinopol(e) / Stambul / Ţarigrad (Romanian), Bisanzio / Costantinopoli (Italian), Bysants / Konstantinopel (Norwegian), Byzantion (Greek), Byzantium / Constantinople (English), Byzantium / Constantinopolis (Latin), Carigrad (Croatian, Serbian), Cařihrad / Konstantinopol (Czech), Carihrad / Konštantínopol (Slovak), Constantinopel (Dutch), Konstantinopel (German), Konstantinopoli (Finnish), Miklagard (Old Norse), Qushta - קושטא (Hebrew), Tsarigrad (Russian); Estambul, Konstantinopyla, Koshta, Koshtandina, Kospoli, Kostan (other variants during Ottoman period) | | Izmir | Esmirna (Catalan, Portuguese, Spanish), İzmir (Turkish), Smirna (Serbian, old Romanian name), Smirne (Italian), Smirni (Greek), Smyrna (variant in English) |
J | English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) | | Jakobstad | Jakobstad (Swedish), Pietarsaari (Finnish) | | Jarosław | Jaroslau (German), Jarosław (Polish), Yareslev (Yiddish), Yaroslav (Russian) | | Jena | Iéna (French), Iena (Romanian), Jena (German) | | Jihlava | Iglau (German), Jihlava (Czech) |
K | English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) | | Kaliningrad | Kaliningrad - Кaлинингpaд (Russian), Kaliningrado (Spanish), Kalinjingrad (Croatian), Kaljinjingrad (Serbian), Karaliaučius (Lithuanian), Kenigsberg קעניגסבערג (Yiddish), Keunigsbarg (Low Saxon), Koningsbergen (Dutch), Königsberg (German), Královec (Czech), Królewiec (former Polish name) | | Kamenz | Kamenz (German), Kamjenc (Upper Sorbian) | | Kamyaniets Podilskiy | Kamenets קאַמענעץ (Yiddish), Kamenets-Podol'skiy (Russian), Kamieniec (Polish), Kam"yanets'-Podil's'kyy - Кaм'янeць-Пoдiльcький (Ukrainian) | | Kandalaksha | Kandalaksha - Кaндaлaкшa (Russian), Kannanlahti / Kantalahti (Finnish) | | Kartuzy | Karthaus (German), Kartuzy (Polish) | | Katowice | Katovicai (Lithuanian), Katovice (Czech, Serbian), Katoviçe (Turkish), Katowice (Polish), Kattowitz (German); Stalinogród (Polish 1953-1956) | | Kaunas | Kauen (German), Kaunas (Lithuanian), Kovne קאָװנע (Yiddish), Kovno (Czech), Kovno - Кoвнo (Russian), Kowno (Polish) | | Kem' | Kem' - Кeмь (Russian), Kemi or Vienan Kemi (Finnish) | | Kętrzyn | Kętrzyn (Polish), Rastenburg (German) | | Kharkov | Char'kiv - Xapькiв (Ukrainian), Charkov (Czech, Slovak), Charkovas (Lithuanian), Charków (Polish), Harkov (Romanian), Har'kov - Xapькoв (Russian), Harkova (Finnish), Karkov (Turkish) | | K |
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