 A typical mobile citizens' band radio Citizens' Band radio (CB) is, in the United States, a system of short distance radio communication between individuals on a selection of 40 channels within the single 27 MHz (11 meter) band. The CB radio service should not be confused with FRS, GMRS or amateur radio. CB does not (in most countries) require a license and unlike amateur radio, CB may be used for commercial communication. Similar personal radio services exist in other countries, with varying requirements for licencing and differing technical standards. This is a Kraco CB Radio. ...
This is a Kraco CB Radio. ...
Communications is the process of exchanging information, usually via a common protocol. ...
The Family Radio Service is an improved walkie talkie system authorized in the United States. ...
The General Mobile Radio Service (GMRS) is a land-mobile radio service in the United States available for short-distance two-way communications to facilitate the activities of an adult individual and his or her immediate family members, including a spouse, children, parents, grandparents, aunts, uncles, nephews, nieces, and in...
Mrs. ...
History
The Citizens' Band radio service was formed following a decision in 1945 by the US government that its citizens should be permitted a short-distance radio band for personal communication. The 11-meter band was taken from the amateur radio service for the Citizen's Band. But it was not until the 1970s, when solid-state technology had advanced to reduce costs, that the CB market prospered, US truckers being at the head of the boom. Many CB clubs were formed and a special CB slang language evolved. The prominent use of CB radios in mid- and late-1970s films (see list below), television shows such as The Dukes of Hazzard (debuted 1979), and in popular novelty songs such as C.W. McCall's "Convoy" (1976) helped to establish the radios as a nationwide craze in the mid-1970s. Legend: γ = Gamma rays HX = Hard X-rays SX = Soft X-Rays EUV = Extreme ultraviolet NUV = Near ultraviolet Visible light NIR = Near infrared MIR = Moderate infrared FIR = Far infrared Radio waves: EHF = Extremely high frequency (Microwaves) SHF = Super high frequency (Microwaves) UHF = Ultrahigh frequency VHF = Very high frequency HF = High frequency...
Solid state may refer to: In computing: Solid state devices are data storage device components that uses memory chips, such as SDRAMs, to store data. ...
The driver of this DAF tractor with an auto-transport semi-trailer prepares to offload Skoda Octavia cars in Cardiff, Wales For other meanings, see Truck (disambiguation). ...
The Dukes of Hazzard is an American television series that originally aired on the CBS television network from 1979 to 1985. ...
This page refers to the year 1979. ...
For the 1979 song by M, see Pop Muzik. ...
A novelty song is a usually intentionally humorous song, usually in published or recorded form. ...
C.W. McCall is the pseudonym of William Dale Fries (born November 15, 1928) in Audubon, Iowa, USA. In 1972, while working for an Omaha, Nebraska advertising firm, Bozell Jacobs, Fries created a television campaign for the Metz Baking Company. ...
Convoy is a 1976 novelty song performed by C.W. McCall (pseudonym of Bill Fries) that became a #1 hit in the USA and helped start a worldwide craze for citizens band radio. ...
See also: 1975 in music, other events of 1976, 1977 in music, 1970s in music and the list of years in music // Events January-February January 7 - Kenneth Moss, a former record company executive, is sentenced to 120 days in the Los Angeles County Jail and four years probation for...
Originally CB did require a license and the use of a call sign but when the CB craze was at its peak, many people ignored this requirement and used made up nicknames or "handles". The use of handles instead of call signs is related to the common practice of using the radios to warn other drivers of speed traps during the time when the United States dropped the national speed limit to 55 mph (90 km/h) beginning in 1974 in response to the 1973 hike in oil prices. The FCC recommended the use of ten-codes and these were used, often in a shortened form, but also many slang terms were developed. In radio (including television), a callsign or call sign (also call letters) is a unique designation for amateur, broadcast, and sometimes military radio use, as well as for broadcast television. ...
A nickname is a short, clever, cute, derogatory, or otherwise substitute name for a person or things real name (for example, Tom is short for Thomas). ...
The term speed trap most commonly refers to enhanced enforcement of speed limits in a way that appears not to be primarily motivated by road safety. ...
The FCCs official seal. ...
Ten-codes, properly known as ten signals, are code words used to represent common phrases in voice communication, particularly in radio transmissions. ...
CB slang are terms that those operating CB radio used mainly during the CB craze of the 1970s and 1980s. ...
The low cost and simple operation of CB equipment gave access to a communications medium that was previously only available to specialists. The "boom" in CB usage in the 1970s bears several similarities to the advent of the Internet in the 1990s. The many restrictions on the authorized use of CB radio led to widespread disregard of the regulations, most notably in antenna height, distance restriction for communications, licensing and the use of call signs, and allowable transmitter power. Eventually the license requirement was dropped entirely. The 1990s decade refers to the years from 1990 to 1999, inclusive. ...
A Yagi-Uda antenna An antenna or aerial is an electronic component designed to transmit or receive radio waves. ...
The early CB radios sold for mobile use in the US had no more than 23 channels, controlled by plug-in quartz crystals. Almost all were AM only, although single sideband was also allowed. In 1977, an additional 17 channels were added for a total of 40 channels, to relieve some of the overcrowding on the original 23 channels. Channel 9 was reserved for emergency use. Channel 19 became the most popular channel, especially among truck drivers. A crystal oscillator (sometimes abbreviated to XTAL on schematic diagrams) is an electronic circuit that uses the mechanical resonance of a physical crystal of piezoelectric material along with an amplifier and feedback to create an electrical signal with a very precise frequency. ...
Amplitude modulation (AM) is a form of modulation in which the amplitude of a carrier wave is varied in direct proportion to that of a modulating signal. ...
Single-sideband transmission (SSB) is a method of transmitting audio based on amplitude modulation in which only one sideband is transmitted. ...
Channels near 462 MHz in the UHF band were formerly allocated to the Citizen's Band "Class A" radio service but this band was never commonly used. In 1973 an attempt was made to allocate frequencies near 220 MHz to "Class E" Citizen's Band service but this was strongly opposed by amateur radio organizations and was never implemented, (though American hams lost much of this band in 1993 to a mobile radio service for parcel delivery vans). The intent was to eliminate some of the interference and skip that existed on the shortwave frequencies. While the extended propagation characteristics on this band was of considerable interest to radio hobbyists, interference from distant stations limited the usefulness of CB for its original purpose. This article is about the radio frequency. ...
Mrs. ...
Radio propagation is a term used to explain how radio waves behave when they are transmitted, or are propagated from one point on the Earth to another. ...
A Grundig Shortwave receiver Shortwave radio operates between the frequencies of 3,000 kHz and 30 MHz (30,000 kHz) and came to be referred to as such in the early days of radio because the wavelengths associated with this frequency range were shorter than those commonly in use at...
Throughout the 1970s and early 1980s a phenomenon was developing over the CB radio. Similar to the Internet chat rooms a quarter century later, the CB allowed people to get to know one another in a quasi-anonymous manner. Many movies and stories about CBers and the culture on-the-air developed. In more recent years CB has been losing its appeal. This could be because of introduction of mobile phones, the Internet, Family Radio Service and the declining quality in long-distance radio wave propagation due to the 11 year Sunspot cycle. The Family Radio Service is an improved walkie talkie system authorized in the United States. ...
400 year sunspot history A sunspot is a region on the Suns surface (photosphere) that is marked by a lower temperature than its surroundings, and intense magnetic activity. ...
CB Radio today CB is still a popular hobby in many countries though its utility as a method of communication among the general public has diminished, due to developments such as mobile phones. CB radio is still a near-universal method of communication among semi truck drivers in America and also remains very popular in rural areas with farmers and hunters, plus sometimes even acting as a sort of "party line" phone system in deep-rural areas too far in the boonies to have phone lines. Commercial drivers use CB to communicate to other truck drivers directions, traffic problems, and other things of importance. Though any channel (except Channel 9, reserved for emergency use) can be used, Channel 19 remains the most popular among truck drivers. A hobby is a spare-time recreational pursuit. ...
Communications is the process of exchanging information, usually via a common protocol. ...
semi-trailer truck with sleeper behind the cab. ...
A boondock is a slight rise in elevation found in vegetated sandy landscapes such as Colorados San Luis Valley. ...
Legitimate, short-range use of CB radio is sometimes made difficult by uncooperative users or illegal high-power transmitters, which are capable of being heard hundreds of miles (km) away. In the United States, the vast number of users and the low financing of the regulatory body mean that the regulations are only actively enforced against the most severe interfering stations, which makes legitimate operations on the Citizen's band unreliable. Other services, such as Multi-Use Radio Service in the VHF band or FRS and GMRS in the UHF band, exist now to provide the reliable short-range communication service originally envisioned for the Citizen's Band. The Multi-Use Radio Service, MURS for short, is a small two-way radio service consisting of five frequencies in the VHF spectrum. ...
Very high frequency (VHF) is the radio frequency range from 30 MHz (wavelength 10 m) to 300 MHz (wavelength 1 m). ...
The Family Radio Service is an improved walkie talkie system authorized in the United States. ...
The General Mobile Radio Service (GMRS) is a land-mobile radio service in the United States available for short-distance two-way communications to facilitate the activities of an adult individual and his or her immediate family members, including a spouse, children, parents, grandparents, aunts, uncles, nephews, nieces, and in...
This article is about the radio frequency. ...
The maximum legal CB power output level is four watts for AM and 12 watts (peak envelope power or "PEP") for single side band, as measured at the antenna connection on the back of the radio. More powerful external "linear" amplifiers are commonly and illegally used.
Citizens' Band radios in the United States use frequencies near 27 MHz. During periods of peak sunspot activity, even low-powered transmitters can sometimes be heard for hundreds or even thousands of miles. This "skip" activity, in which signals which bounce off the ionosphere, contributes to interference on CB frequencies. Working "skip" is illegal in the United States, since it contradicts the short-range intended use of the service, though the regulation is widely ignored. The ionosphere is the part of the atmosphere that is ionized by solar radiation. ...
Many radio hobbyists operate illegitimately in the so-called "free band", using either Citizens' Band equipment that has been modified for extended frequency range and higher power, or else amateur radio equipment operated outside the assigned amateur 10 meter band. Such operations are not part of the legally authorized Citizen's Band service and should not be called "CB". Out-of-band operations may interfere with licenced, public safety, commercial, or military users of these frequencies. Illegal transmitters may not meet good engineering practice for harmonic distortion or "splatter", and resulting interference to licenced radio spectrum users will often attract the attention of regulating authorities.
CB Usage in the United States
 Typical mobile CB antenna In the United States Citizens' Band (CB) radio service is intended to be a private two-way voice communication service for use in personal and business activities of the general public. Its communications range is from one to five miles. The Citizens' Band radio services are described in part 95 of the Federal Communications Commission's (FCC) and is defined as a personal radio service. This is a CB Radio antenna that I had purchased in the early 90s for about $15. ...
This is a CB Radio antenna that I had purchased in the early 90s for about $15. ...
The FCCs official seal. ...
Eligibility There are no age, citizenship or license requirements to operate a CB radio in the United States. You may operate on any of the authorized 40 CB channels, however channel 9 is used only for emergency communications or for traveler assistance. Usage of all channels is on a shared basis. Foreign governments and their representatives are not eligible to operate a citizens' band radio station within the United States.
You may operate your station anywhere within the United States, its territories and possessions. You may also operate your US station anywhere in the world except within the territorial limits of areas where radio services are regulated by another agency; such as the United States Department of Defense or of any foreign government. The United States Department of Defense, abbreviated as DoD or DOD and sometimes called the Defense Department, is a civilian Cabinet organization of the United States government. ...
You must use an FCC certified transmitter. No modifications are allowed to your equipment. Equipment output power is limited to 4 watts for AM transmitters and 12 watts PEP (peak envelope power) for single sideband (SSB) transmitters. There are no restrictions on size or type of antennas, except the antenna must not be more than 20 feet above the highest point of the structure it is mounted to and may not be more than 60 feet above the ground.
Channel Assignments To simplify selection of an operating frequency, the Citizens' Band radio spectrum is divided into 40 numbered radio frequency channels from 26.965 to 27.405 MHz, with channels generally spaced 10 kHz apart. Channel numbers are not strictly sequential with frequency; there are gaps for frequencies used by radio-controlled devices. Rough plot of Earths atmospheric transmittance (or opacity) to various wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, including radio waves. ...
A kilohertz (kHz) is a unit of frequency equal to 1,000 hertz (1,000 cycles per second). ...
Furthermore, there is a gap between Channel 22 and Channel 23 (which was later filled by Channels 24 and 25) for historical reasons. Before CB was in existence, there was an Amateur 11-meter band from 26.96 to 27.23 MHz, and a frequency for radio-controlled devices at 27.255 MHz. The 11-meter band became CB Channels 1 to 22, and the radio control frequency was shared with Channel 23.
In Europe, the CEPT adopted the North American channel assignments, except that FM is used instead of AM. Some member countries permit additional modes and frequencies. The European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT) was established on June 26, 1959 as a coordinating body for European state telecommunications and postal organizations. ...
Before CEPT, most of the member countries used some subset of the 40 USA channels. The United Kingdom, on the other hand, originally had 40 unique 27 Mhz channels, known as the 27/81 Bandplan. See CB radio in the United Kingdom. With the CEPT channels added, the UK now has 80 channels. Germany also has 40 unique channels for a total of 80. The 27 MHz CB27/81 Bandplan is a list of the channel frequencies for UK-only FM CB radio CB radio in the United Kingdom. ...
This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...
Australia now has the 40 North American channels, though previously it had only approved the use of the first 22 channels. On the other hand, New Zealand and Japan have unique allocations that dont correspond to any other country's.
The frequencies for the 40 North American/CEPT channels are as follows:
Channel Frequency Channel 01 26.965 MHz Channel 02 26.975 MHz Channel 03 26.985 MHz Channel 04 27.005 MHz Channel 05 27.015 MHz Channel 06 27.025 MHz Channel 07 27.035 MHz Channel 08 27.055 MHz Channel 09 27.065 MHz (emergency channel) Channel 10 27.075 MHz Channel 11 27.085 MHz (unofficial general calling channel) Channel 12 27.105 MHz Channel 13 27.115 MHz Channel 14 27.125 MHz Channel 15 27.135 MHz Channel 16 27.155 MHz Channel 17 27.165 MHz Channel 18 27.175 MHz Channel 19 27.185 MHz (unofficial trucker's channel) Channel 20 27.205 MHz Channel 21 27.215 MHz Channel 22 27.225 MHz Channel 23 27.255 MHz Channel 24 27.235 MHz Channel 25 27.245 MHz Channel 26 27.265 MHz Channel 27 27.275 MHz Channel 28 27.285 MHz Channel 29 27.295 MHz Channel 30 27.305 MHz Channel 31 27.315 MHz Channel 32 27.325 MHz Channel 33 27.335 MHz Channel 34 27.345 MHz Channel 35 27.355 MHz Channel 36 27.365 MHz Channel 37 27.375 MHz Channel 38 27.385 MHz (lsb, national calling frequency) Channel 39 27.395 MHz Channel 40 27.405 MHz The frequency allocation list is supplied by the FCC (Federal Communications Commission) from Part 95 - Subpart D - Rules for CB Service Citizens Band (CB) Radio Service. The electromagnetic spectrum is an aspect of the physical world, like land, water, and air. ...
The FCCs official seal. ...
Remote Control Remote control channels | 3A | 26.995 MHz | | 7A | 27.045 MHz | | 11A | 27.095 MHz | | 15A | 27.145 MHz | | 19A | 27.195 MHz | There is also a Class C Citizens Band service for radio-controlled devices; no voice transmissions are permitted. It has six channels in the 27 MHz band. Five are unused 10 kHz assignments between channels 3/4, 7/8, 11/12, 15/16 and 19/20, and the sixth is shared with Channel 23. Radio control transmitters may use up to 4 watts on the first five channels and 25 watts on the last, 27.255 MHz. Some in-house paging systems, and car alarms with a paging feature, also use these frequencies, especially 27.255 where more power is permitted.
The 27 Mhz Class C channels are not officially numbered. R/C enthusiasts usually designate them by color, and fly different-colored flags from the antenna to show who is on which channel. On the other hand, some CB operators illegaly use these channels for voice communications, and usually refer to them by the closest voice channel below them, ex. "3A", "7A", etc.
Because of interference from CB radios, legal or otherwise, the noise level, and the limited number of channels, most "serious" hobby remote control vehicles operate on other bands. Interference is especially important for model aircraft where it presents a safety issue. A remote control is a device used for the remote operation of a machine. ...
The Class C service has 50 channels just for model aircraft in the 72.0-73.0 MHz range, and 30 more channels for surface models such as cars and boats in the 75.4-76.0 MHz range. 0.75 watts is allowed on these numbered channels. Licensed amateur radio operators also have their own R/C channels around 50 and 53 MHz.
Part 15 and ISM Devices Most toy R/C cars operate on the 27 MHz R/C channels, especially 27.145 MHz. But most of these devices run far less than 4 watts and do not operate under the Class C CB service. Instead, they operate under the FCC's Part 15 rules, which allows a wide variety of low powered devices to use the frequencies from 26.96 to 27.28 MHz, which covers CB Channels 1 through 27.
Some other of these toys operate on the 49 MHz Part 15 channels, and often a pair of cars will be sold with one on 27.145 and one on 49.860 to avoid interference. This allows less selective, and therefore less expensive, receivers to be used than if they were using channels in the same band.
In the days when CB required a license, some low-powered or toy walkie-talkies were exempt because they operated within Part 15. More recently in the 1990's, low-powered handhelds using FM voice on the radio-control channels were also sold to operate legally under Part 15.
Another class of devices operating in the 27 MHz band are ISM ( Industial, Scientific and Medical ) devices regulated by the FCC's Part 18 rules. Induction welding of platics, and some types of diathermy machines commonly operate in this range. These devices are centered around 27.12 MHz with a tolerance of ±163 kHz, that is, 26.957 to 27.283 MHz. Induction welding is a form of welding that uses electromagnetic induction to heat the workpiece. ...
Diathermy is the use of electrical current in surgery as either a cutting tool or to cauterize blood vessels to stop bleeding. ...
Shooting Skip Although CB radio was only intended to be a short range communications service, the frequencies on which it operates have some very interesting propagation characteristics. All frequencies in the HF spectrum (3–30 MHz) are able to be refracted by the existence of highly charged particles in the ionosphere. This bouncing of a signal off the ionosphere is called skywave propagation or "shooting skip". With the ability to shoot skip, CBers have been able to communicate thousands of miles, sometimes around the world. The ability of the ionosphere to refract signals back to work is caused by the sun and the amount of ionization possible is related to the 11-year sunspot cycle. In times of high sunspot activity the band can remain "open" to much of the world for long periods of time. In years of low sunspot activity it may not be possible to shoot skip at all. HF or Hf might be an acronym or abbreviation for: High frequency Radio hafnium, a chemical element the chemical formula for Hydrofluoric acid Historisk-filosofisk fakultet, abbr. ...
The ionosphere is the part of the atmosphere that is ionized by solar radiation. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Ionosphere. ...
It is recorded that, before CB radio arose, the Afrika Korps in North Africa in WWII used 27 MHz for battlefield communications, thinking that it could only be heard locally; but skip was strong at the time, and the messages were routinely monitored in Britain. The seal of Afrikakorps The German Afrika Korps (German:Deutsches Afrikakorps ( (help· info)) (DAK)) was the corps-level headquarters controlling the German Panzer divisions in Libya and Egypt during the North African Campaign of World War II. Since there was little turnover in the units attached to the corps, the...
North Africa is a region generally considered to include: Algeria Egypt Libya Mauritania Morocco Sudan Tunisia Western Sahara The Azores, Canary Islands, Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Madeira are sometimes considered to be a part of North Africa. ...
Combatants Allies: • Soviet Union, • UK & Commonwealth, • USA, • France/Free France, • China, • Poland, • ...and others Axis: • Germany, • Japan, • Italy, • ...and others Casualties Military dead: 17 million Civilian dead: 33 million Total: 50 million Full list Military dead: 8 million Civilian dead: 4 million Total: 12 million Full list World War II...
The word monitor is a Latin term for warner or suggester, and now has several different meanings depending on context. ...
Finally, It should be noted that under Part 95, Subpart D of the FCC rules it is illegal to engage in, or attempt to engage in communications with any station more than 250 kilometers (155.3 miles) from your location, thereby making it practically impossible for CB operators who wish to shoot skip to remain in compliance with FCC regulations. The intent behind this restriction is typically regarded as an effort to keep CB as an inherently local service.
Freebanding and Export Radios Operation on frequencies above ("uppers") or below ("lowers") the established citizens band is referred to as "freebanding" or "outbanding". Many perceive these frequencies just below the CB band, or between the CB band and the amateur radio 10-meter band to be quiet and under-utilized. The 10 meter amateur radio band is the highest of the High Frequency or HF bands. ...
This is done with modified CB equipment, modified 10-meter ham radios, foreign CB radios that may offer different channels, or with radios which are purportedly sold for export.
Unlike modified amateur radios which are frequency-agile, export CB's are channelized. Frequency selection on these "export radios", however, resembles that of modified CB's more than any foreign frequency plan. They typically have a knob and display that reads up to channel 40, but include an extra "band" selector that shifts all 40 channels above or below the band, plus a "+10 KHz" button to reach the model control 'A' channels. These radios may have 6 or even 12 bands, establishing a set of quasi-CB channels on all sorts of unauthorized frequencies. The bands are typically lettered, with the normal CB band in the middle.
For example, a freebander with an export radio who wants to use 27.635 Mhz would choose Channel 19 ( 27.185 ) and then shift the radio up one band ( + 0.450 ). The operator may have to do quite a bit of arithmetic to know which frequency he is actually operating on, though more expensive radios include a frequency counter.
Even well-meaning ( but illegal ) operations can end up on frequencies which are very much in use. For instance, Channel 19, 2 bands up, becomes 28.085 MHz, which is in a Morse code-only part of the 10-meter ham band.
Regulation and Enforcement Actions against violations of FCC regulations have been minimal in the past. This has often been cited as the reason for many of the problems that have plagued the Citizens' band radio service in the past.
In recent years, the FCC has had a renewed interest in taking enforcement actions against freebanding, the sale and use of illegally modified radios and linear amplifiers. Usually, the FCC will issue a request for information explaining actions found to be in violation of the commissions rules and regulations. Responding in a timely manner to such a request usually results in a "quick and painless" resolution which in most cases does not result in a fine, but merely a cease and desist order. Failure to respond to the commission's letters of inquiry will commonly result in the issuing of a $10,000 fine and in rem seizure of the equipment used, and suspension of licences in other FCC regulated services.
Many actions have been taken in recent years against the so-called freebanders operating illegally in the amateur 10-meter band. Actions have also been taken against retailers in the United States for selling linear amplifiers and non-type approved equipment in violation of the commission's rules.
CB in popular culture
Famous CBers White House portrait Elizabeth Ann Bloomer Warren Ford (born April 8, 1918) is the wife of President Gerald R. Ford and was First Lady of the United States from 1974 to 1977. ...
Muhammad Ali-Haj (Arabic: Ù…Øمد على) born January 17, 1942 (as Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr. ...
CB in movies See also: 1973 in film 1974 1975 in film 1970s in film years in film film // Events February 7 - Blazing Saddles is released in USA May 1 - George Lucas creates the first draft of what would eventually become Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope. ...
Dirty Mary, Crazy Larry is a cult 1974 car chase film starring Peter Fonda, Susan George, Adam Roarke, and Vic Morrow. ...
// Events March 22 - Filming begins on George Lucas Star Wars science fiction film. ...
The Gumball Rally is a 1976 film about a coast-to-coast road race. ...
// Events March 22 - Filming begins on George Lucas Star Wars science fiction film. ...
Cannonball was a 1976 movie starring David Carradine. ...
// Events In the Academy Awards, Peter Finch, Faye Dunaway and Beatrice Straight win Best Actor and Actress and Supporting Actress awards for Network. ...
Breaker! Breaker! is a 1977 film starring Chuck Norris. ...
// Events In the Academy Awards, Peter Finch, Faye Dunaway and Beatrice Straight win Best Actor and Actress and Supporting Actress awards for Network. ...
Handle With Care is a 1977 comedy movie set in a small town in Nebraska and loosely based on the wide popularity of citizens band radio at the time. ...
// Events In the Academy Awards, Peter Finch, Faye Dunaway and Beatrice Straight win Best Actor and Actress and Supporting Actress awards for Network. ...
Smokey and the Bandit was a 1977 movie starring Burt Reynolds, Sally Field, Jackie Gleason, Jerry Reed, Paul Williams, and Mike Henry. ...
// Events February 1 - Bob Dylans film Renaldo and Clara, a documentary of the Rolling Thunder Revue tour premieres in Los Angeles, California March 1 - Charlie Chaplins coffin is stolen from a Swiss cemetery 3 months after burial March - Leigh Brackett completes the first draft for Star Wars Episode...
Convoy was a movie released in 1978, directed by Sam Peckinpah, and starring Kris Kristofferson, Ali MacGraw, Ernest Borgnine, and Burt Young. ...
// Events April 30 - The Roger Daltrey film, McVicar, opens in London. ...
Smokey and the Bandit was a 1977 movie starring Burt Reynolds, Sally Field, Jackie Gleason, Jerry Reed, Paul Williams, and Mike Henry. ...
// Events January 19 - Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer acquires beleaguered concurrent United Artists. ...
Cannonball Run was a campy, screwball comedy released in 1981 that starred Burt Reynolds, Dom DeLuise and Farrah Fawcett-Majors. ...
// Events February 11 - The Rolling Stones concert film Lets Spend the Night Together opens in New York Top grossing films North America Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi Tootsie Trading Places, starring Dan Aykroyd and Eddie Murphy WarGames, starring Matthew Broderick and Ally Sheedy Superman III Flashdance...
// Events The Walt Disney Company founds Touchstone Pictures to release movies with subject matter deemed inappropriate for the Disney name. ...
Cannonball Run II is a film that was released in 1984. ...
See also: 1988 in film, other events of 1989, 1990 in film, list of years in film. // Events Actress Kim Basinger and her brother Mick purchase Braselton, Georgia for $20 million. ...
This article is about Die Hard, a 1988 action film starring Bruce Willis. ...
See also: 1988 in film, other events of 1989, 1990 in film, list of years in film. // Events Actress Kim Basinger and her brother Mick purchase Braselton, Georgia for $20 million. ...
This is a list of film-related events in 1993. ...
Dazed and Confused movie poster Dazed and Confused is a 1993 American movie written and directed by Richard Linklater. ...
This is a list of film-related events in 2001. ...
Joy Ride is a 2001 thriller film directed by John Dahl and starring Paul Walker, Leelee Sobieski and Steve Zahn. ...
This is a list of film-related events in 2001. ...
This is a list of film-related events in 2005. ...
The Dukes of Hazzard is a movie based on the American television sitcom, The Dukes of Hazzard. ...
CB radio in music Quickly establishing itself as 1976's biggest fad, CB radio appears in several of the year's biggest hits. All of these charted on both the US pop and country music charts that year: 1976 (MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1976 calendar). ...
In biochemistry, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is the precursor molecule to FADH2. ...
The Billboard Hot 100 is the United States music industry standard singles popularity chart issued weekly by Billboard magazine. ...
Country music, also called country and western music or country-western, is an amalgam of popular musical forms developed in the Southern United States, with roots in traditional folk music, Celtic Music, Blues, Gospel music, and Old-time music. ...
- "One Piece at a Time" by Johnny Cash — As the song ends, Cash describes his incredible Frankenstein car over the CB.
- "Convoy" by C.W. McCall — "Pigpen" and "Rubberduck" form a convoy of rigs.
- "Teddybear" by Red Sovine - A handicapped boy befriends a group of truckers over his CB.
- "The White Knight" - by Cledus Maggard And The Citizens Band - Is the mysterious White Knight giving out dubious information for a reason?
- "C.B. Savage" by Rod Hart — Is the mysterious C.B. Savage really gay or hiding an even bigger secret? - A gay-themed parody of both White Knight and Convoy.
John Ray Cash (February 26, 1932 – September 12, 2003) was a vastly influential American country music and rock music singer, guitarist and songwriter. ...
Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus is a novel by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley. ...
A small variety of cars, the most popular kind of automobile. ...
Convoy is a 1976 novelty song performed by C.W. McCall (pseudonym of Bill Fries) that became a #1 hit in the USA and helped start a worldwide craze for citizens band radio. ...
C.W. McCall is the pseudonym of William Dale Fries (born November 15, 1928) in Audubon, Iowa, USA. In 1972, while working for an Omaha, Nebraska advertising firm, Bozell Jacobs, Fries created a television campaign for the Metz Baking Company. ...
A convoy is a group of vehicles or ships traveling together for mutual support. ...
Woodrow Wilson Red Sovine was a country music singer. ...
A handicap may refer to several different things, depending on context: Handicapped is an adjective meaning disabled. ...
Police forces are government organizations charged with the responsibility of maintaining law and order. ...
Since its coinage, the word homosexuality has acquired multiple meanings. ...
Police forces are government organizations charged with the responsibility of maintaining law and order. ...
International use Similar services exist in other countries around the world (see for example CB radio in the United Kingdom and Australian UHF CB-equivalent). Technical standards, power levels, and frequencies are different so North American CB equipment may not comply with European regulations, and vice versa. Often other radio services will use FM instead of AM or SSB. This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...
UHF CB is a licence-free citizens band radio service authorised by the government of Australia in the UHF 477MHz band. ...
Frequency modulation (FM) is a form of modulation which represents information as variations in the instantaneous frequency of a carrier wave. ...
Amplitude modulation (AM) is a form of modulation in which the amplitude of a carrier wave is varied in direct proportion to that of a modulating signal. ...
Single-sideband modulation (SSB) is a refinement of the technique of amplitude modulation designed to be more efficient in its use of electrical power and bandwidth. ...
A gray market trade in imported CB gear does exist in many countries. In many instances, sale or ownership of foreign-specification CB gear is not illegal, but the actual use of it is. With the FCC's minimal enforcement of its rules regarding CB radio, enthusiasts in the USA often use "export" radios, or possibly European FM CB gear to get away from the overcrowded AM channels. American AM gear has also been exported to Europe. The grey market (in U.S. spelling, gray market) refers to the flow of goods through distribution channels other than those authorized by the manufacturer or producer. ...
World map showing Europe Europe is conventionally considered one of the seven continents of Earth which, in this case, is more a cultural and political distinction than a physiogeographic one. ...
Frequency modulation (FM) is a form of modulation which represents information as variations in the instantaneous frequency of a carrier wave. ...
In Canada, the "General Radio Service" has the identical frequencies and modes as the United States "Citizen's band", and no special provisions are required for either Canadians or Americans using CB gear while travelling across the border.
See also Mrs. ...
The tragedy of the commons is a phrase used to refer to a class of phenomena that involve a conflict for resources between individual interests and the common good. ...
The General Mobile Radio Service (GMRS) is a land-mobile radio service in the United States available for short-distance two-way communications to facilitate the activities of an adult individual and his or her immediate family members, including a spouse, children, parents, grandparents, aunts, uncles, nephews, nieces, and in...
The Family Radio Service is an improved walkie talkie system authorized in the United States. ...
Alan 456r PMR446 (Personal Mobile Radio, 446 MHz) is a radio frequency part of the UHF range that is open without licensing for personal usage in most members of the European Union. ...
The Multi-Use Radio Service, MURS for short, is a small two-way radio service consisting of five frequencies in the VHF spectrum. ...
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