The enzyme citrate synthase (E.C. 2.3.3.1 [previously 4.1.3.7]) is a pace-maker enzyme, as it controls the first committed step of the Krebs cycle, also called the citric acid cycle. Hugo is a masculine name. ... The Entrez logo The Entrez Global Query Cross-Database Search System allows access to databases at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website. ... The Mendelian Inheritance in Man project is a database that catalogues all the known diseases with a genetic component, and - when possible - links them to the relevant genes in the human genome. ... The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the US National Library of Medicine (NLM), which is a branch of the US National Institutes of Health. ... Swiss-Prot is a curated biological database of protein sequences created in 1986 by Amos Bairoch during his PhD and developed by the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and the European Bioinformatics Institute. ... The Enzyme Commission number (EC number) is a numerical classification scheme for enzymes, based on the chemical reactions they catalyze. ... Short and long arms Chromosome. ... Chromosome 12 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. ... The citric acid cycle (also known as the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the TCA cycle, or the Krebs cycle) is a series of chemical reactions of central importance in all living cells that utilize oxygen as part of cellular respiration. ...

Citrate synthase is localized within cells in the mitochondrial matrix, but is encoded by nuclear DNA rather than mitochondrial. It is synthesized using cytoplasmic ribosomes, then transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Citrate synthase is commonly used as a quantitative enzyme marker for the presence of intact mitochondria. In biology, the word matrix is used for the material between animal or plant cells, or generally the material (or tissue) in which more specialized structures are embedded, and also specifically for one part of the mitochondrion. ... Figure 1: Ribosome structure indicating small subunit (A) and large subunit (B). ... Ribbon diagram of the enzyme TIM, surrounded by the space-filling model of the protein. ... In cell biology, a mitochondrion is an organelle found in the cells of most eukaryotes. ...

Citrate synthase catalyzes the condensation reaction of the two-carbon acetate residue from acetyl coenzyme A and a molecule of four-carbon oxaloacetate to form the six-carbon citrate. Oxaloacetate will be regenerated after the completion of one round of the Krebs Cycle. In chemistry and biology, catalysis is the acceleration (increase in rate) or slowing down of a chemical reaction by means of a substance, called a catalyst, that is itself not consumed by the overall reaction. ... Acetate, or ethanoate, is the anion of a salt or ester of acetic acid. ... Categories: Biochemistry stubs | Thiols ... Chemical strucutre of citric acid. ... The citric acid cycle (also known as the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the TCA cycle, or the Krebs cycle) is a series of chemical reactions of central importance in all living cells that utilize oxygen as part of cellular respiration. ...

acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate + H2O → citrate + CoA-SH Categories: Biochemistry stubs | Thiols ... H2O is the chemical formula for Water (molecule). ... Chemical strucutre of citric acid. ... CoA may refer to: Coat of arms Coenzyme A Commonwealth of Australia, the full legal name of Australia Chart of Accounts COA Coa Category: ...

Oxaloacetate is the first substrate to bind to the enzyme. This induces the enzyme to change its conformation, and creates a binding site for the acetyl-CoA. Only when this citroyl-CoA has formed will another conformational change cause thioester hydrolyis and realease coenzyme A. This ensures that the energy released from the thioester bond cleavage will drive the condensation.

The enzyme is inhibited by high ratios of ATP:ADP, acetyl-CoA:CoA, and NADH:NAD, as high concentrations of ATP, acetyl-CoA, and NADH show that the energy supply is high for the cell. It also inhibited by succinyl-CoA and citrate, examples of product inhibition. ATP may refer to: Chemistry/Biochemistry Adenosine triphosphate, the universal energy currency of all living organisms Companies Alberta Theatre Projects, a major Canadian theatre company. ... ADP may refer to: Among organizations and companies: Aéroports de Paris, airport authority for the Parisian region in France. ... Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) are two important coenzymes found in cells. ... NADH nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, or NADH, is a coenzyme made from vitamin B2, or niacin. ... Categories: Biochemistry stubs ... Chemical strucutre of citric acid. ...