Civil War store card

Civil War tokens are token coins that were privately minted and distributed in the United States between 1862 and 1864. They were used mainly in the Northeast and Midwest. The widespread use of the tokens was a result of the scarcity of government-issued cents during the Civil War. Image File history File linksMetadata Civil_War_store_token. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Civil_War_store_token. ... A rare and historic Bechuanaland Border Police canteen token. ... A mint is a facility which manufactures coins for currency. ... Regional definitions vary The Northeastern United States is a region of the United States defined by the U.S. Census Bureau. ... Regional definitions vary from source to source. ... The United States one-cent coin, commonly called a penny, is a unit of currency equaling 1100 of a United States dollar. ... The Civil War is by far the most common term for this conflict; see Naming the American Civil War. ...

Civil War tokens became illegal after the United States Congress passed a law on April 22, 1864 prohibiting the issue of any one or two-cent coins, tokens or devices for use as currency. On June 8, 1864 an additional law was passed that forbade all private coinage.^[1] Seal of the Congress. ... April 22 is the 112th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (113th in leap years). ... 1864 (MDCCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... June 8 is the 159th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (160th in leap years), with 206 days remaining. ... 1864 (MDCCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ...

Civil War tokens are divided into three types—store cards, patriotic tokens, and sutler tokens. All three types were utilized as currency, and are differentiated by their designs. The collectible value of the tokens is determined chiefly by their rarity. Sutler, a camp-follower who sells provisions, liquor and other supplies to an army in the field, in camp or in quarters. ...

History

By 1862, the second year of the Civil War, government-issued coinage began vanishing from circulation. American citizens hoarded all coins with gold and silver, and eventually began hoarding copper-nickel cents as well. This made it extremely difficult for businesses to conduct transactions. In response, many merchants turned to private minters to fill the void left by the hoarded coins. The first of these privately minted tokens appeared in the autumn of 1862, in Cincinnati, Ohio. It is estimated that by 1864, there were 25,000,000 Civil War tokens (nearly all redeemable for one cent) in circulation, consisting of approximately 7,000–8,000 varieties.^[2] Indian Head cent The Indian Head one cent coin was produced by the United States Mint from 1859 to 1909. ... Fall redirects here. ... Flag Seal Nickname: The Queen City Location Location in Hamilton County, Ohio Coordinates: Government Country State County United States Ohio Hamilton Founded Incorporated 1788 1819 Mayor Mark L. Mallory (D) Geographical characteristics Area 206. ...

Lindenmueller token

One of the most well-known and commonly struck types were store cards known as "Lindenmueller tokens," named for New York barkeep Gustavus Lindenmueller. In 1863, Lindenmueller had more than one million of his one-cent tokens struck and placed into circulation. One of the common uses for the token was for streetcar fare. The Third Avenue Railroad company of New York, which had willingly accepted a large quantity of the Lindenmueller tokens in lieu of actual currency, asked Lindenmueller to redeem them. He refused, and the railroad had no legal recourse. Incidents such as these eventually forced the government to intervene.^[3] Image File history File linksMetadata Lindenmueller_token. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Lindenmueller_token. ... Official language(s) English de facto Capital Albany Largest city New York City Area  Ranked 27th  - Total 54,520 sq mi (141,205 km²)  - Width 285 miles (455 km)  - Length 330 miles (530 km)  - % water 13. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... TW2000 car in Hanover Volkswagen Cargo-Tram in Dresden on a section of grassed track. ...

On April 22, 1864, Congress enacted the Coinage Act of 1864. While the act is most remembered for the introduction of the phrase "In God We Trust" on the newly created two-cent piece, it also effectively ended the usage of Civil War tokens. In addition to authorizing the minting of the two-cent piece, the act changed the composition of the one-cent piece from a copper-nickel alloy (weighing 4.67 grams) to a lighter, less thick piece comprised of 95% copper (weighing 3.11 grams).^[4] The new one-cent piece was much closer in weight to the Civil War tokens, and found greater acceptance among the public.^[5] April 22 is the 112th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (113th in leap years). ... 1864 (MDCCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... The Coinage Act of 1864, a United States federal law, changed the composition of the one-cent coin and authorized the minting of the two-cent coin. ... In God We Trust on the twenty dollar bill In God We Trust is the national motto of the United States of America. ... The two-cent coin was produced in the United States from 1864-1873 with decreasing mintages throughout that time. ...

While the Coinage Act made Civil War tokens impractical, the issue of their legality was decided on June 8, 1864, when Congress enacted 18 U.S.C. § 486, which made the minting and usage of non-government issued coins punishable by a fine of up to $2,000, a prison term of up to five years, or both. (Chapter 25 of Title 18 deals specifically with counterfeit and forgery). It did not make it illegal to own Civil War tokens, however, and evidence exists that the tokens were viewed as collectibles as early as 1863, when the first known listings of Civil War tokens were published.^[2] June 8 is the 159th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (160th in leap years), with 206 days remaining. ... 1864 (MDCCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... The United States Code (U.S.C.) is a compilation and codification of the general and permanent federal law of the United States. ... A counterfeit is an imitation that is made with the intent to deceptively represent its content or origins. ... Forgery is the process of making or adapting objects or documents (see false document), with the intention to deceive. ...

Types

Patriotic tokens

A Dix token, an example of a patriotic token

Patriotic Civil War tokens typically displayed a patriotic slogan or image on one or both sides. Since the majority of these tokens were minted in Union states, the slogans and images were decidedly pro-Union. Some common examples of slogans found on patriotic tokens are "The Union Must and Shall Be Preserved," "Union For Ever," and "Old Glory." Some of the images found on patriotic tokens were the flag of the United States, a 19th-century cannon, and the USS Monitor.^[6] Image File history File linksMetadata Dix_token. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Dix_token. ... Defense of the homeland is a commonplace of military patriotism: The statue in the courtyard of École polytechnique, Paris, commemorating the students involvement in defending France against the 1814 invasion of the Coalition. ... Map of the division of the states during the Civil War. ... National flag and ensign. ... A small American Civil War-era cannon on a carriage A caun is any large tubular firearm designed to fire a heavy projectile over a considerable distance. ... USS Monitor was an ironclad warship (the first ever) of the United States Navy. ...

Among the most well-known varieties of patriotic tokens are the so-called "Dix tokens." They are named for John Adams Dix, who served as Secretary of the Treasury in 1861. In a letter from Dix to a revenue cutter captain, Lieutenant Caldwell, he orders Caldwell to relieve another cutter captain of his command for refusing an order to transfer from New Orleans to New York. The letter ends with the following sentence: "If any one attempts to haul down the American flag, shoot him on the spot."^[7] The quote found its way to a number of patriotic tokens, albeit with a slightly modified wording ("haul down" is usually replaced by "tear it down"). John Adams Dix (July 24, 1798–April 21, 1879) was an American politician. ... John W. Snow, the current Secretary of the Treasury. ... The United States Revenue Cutter Service was established by Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton in 1790 as an armed maritime law enforcement service. ... Flag Seal Nickname: The Crescent City, The Big Easy, The City That Care Forgot Location Location in the State of Louisiana and the United States Coordinates , Government Country State Parish United States Louisiana Orleans Parish, Louisiana Founded 1718 Mayor Ray Nagin (D) Geographical characteristics Area     City 350. ... Official language(s) English de facto Capital Albany Largest city New York City Area  Ranked 27th  - Total 54,520 sq mi (141,205 km²)  - Width 285 miles (455 km)  - Length 330 miles (530 km)  - % water 13. ...

Store cards

Civil War store cards differ from patriotic tokens in that one or both sides displays the name and/or location of a privately owned business. Businesses that could afford it had two custom dies made, with both advertising the business. Otherwise, only one side displayed the business's information.^[8]

Sutler tokens

Sutler tokens are similar to store cards. Rather than listing the name of a private business, however, these tokens bore the name of a particular army unit (usually a regiment) and the name of the sutler who conducted transactions with the regiment. Of the three types of Civil War tokens, sutler tokens are by far the rarest. A regiment is a military unit, consisting of a group of battalions, usually four and commanded by a colonel. ... Sutler, a camp-follower who sells provisions, liquor and other supplies to an army in the field, in camp or in quarters. ...

Collectible value

There are several factors that determine the collectible value of Civil War tokens. The main factor is rarity, which is measured on a scale from 1 to 10 (1 being the most common type). The scale was developed by noted numismatic dealer and writer George Fuld.

The material used to mint Civil War tokens can also affect collectibility. Civil war tokens were minted using a variety of materials, copper being a common choice (often actually bronze). Other materials used for minting were nickel, tin, German silver, white metal, and silver. Examples of tokens minted using rubber are also known to exist.^[2][9] General Name, Symbol, Number copper, Cu, 29 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 4, d Appearance metallic brown Atomic mass 63. ... Assorted ancient bronze castings found as part of a cache, probably intended for recycling. ... General Name, Symbol, Number nickel, Ni, 28 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 10, 4, d Appearance lustrous, metallic Atomic mass 58. ... General Name, Symbol, Number tin, Sn, 50 Chemical series poor metals Group, Period, Block 14, 5, p Appearance silvery lustrous gray Atomic mass 118. ... Nickel silver is a metal alloy of copper with nickel and often but not always zinc. ... This article is about metals and alloys. ... General Name, Symbol, Number silver, Ag, 47 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 5, d Appearance lustrous white metal Atomic mass 107. ... Rubber is an elastic hydrocarbon polymer which occurs as a milky emulsion (known as latex) in the sap of several varieties of plants. ...

Fuld rarity scale

• R-1: Greater than 5,000
• R-2: Between 2,000 and 5,000
• R-3: Between 500 and 2,000
• R-4: Between 200 and 500
• R-5: Between 75 and 200
• R-6: Between 20 and 75
• R-7: Between 10 and 20
• R-8: Between 5 and 10
• R-9: Between 2 and 4
• R-10: Unique (one known example)

Notes and references

I have a dix civil war token 1863 shoot them on the spoot flud209/414

this is a r-10 how much is it worth?

Thomas

External links

• The Civil War Token Society
• Civil War Tokens - Store Cards