"6,000 Men and a Scenic Boulevard"; San Francisco, California, ca. 1934.

The Civil Works Administration was established by the New Deal during the Great Depression to create jobs for millions of unemployed. The jobs were merely temporary, for the duration of the hard winter. Harry L. Hopkins was put in charge of the organization. US President Franklin D. Roosevelt unveiled the CWA on November 8, 1933. San Francisco redirects here. ... The New Deal was the title President Franklin D. Roosevelt gave to the series of programs he initiated between 1933 and 1938 with the goal of providing relief, recovery, and reform (3 Rs) to the people and economy of the United States during the Great Depression. ... For other uses, see The Great Depression (disambiguation). ... Harry Lloyd Hopkins Harry Lloyd Hopkins (August 17, 1890 – January 29, 1946) was one of Franklin Roosevelts closest advisors and one of the key architects of the New Deal. ... Franklin Delano Roosevelt (January 30, 1882–April 12, 1945), 32nd President of the United States, the longest-serving holder of the office and the only man to be elected President more than twice, was one of the central figures of 20th century history. ... is the 312th day of the year (313th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The CWA was a project created under the FERA, or Federal Emergency Relief Administration. Because the FERA failed to give people jobs, another program was needed and the CWA was set up along with the Civilian Conservation Corps, a.k.a. the CCC.

The CWA created construction jobs, mainly improving or constructing buildings and bridges. It ended on March 31, 1934, under the advice of Lewis Douglas, after costing $200 million a month. So much was spent on this administration because it hired 4 million people and was mostly concerned with paying high wages.

Opposition

Although the CWA provided many with jobs, a livelihood, and hope, there were many who criticized it for its expensiveness and limited effects. Over the course of its five month run, it spent over a billion dollars, although initial plans projected a maximum cost of $400,000,000. Al Smith and Harold Ickes were two main protesters, and it is much from their objection that the CWA was ended in March of 1934. Alfred Emanuel Al Smith (December 30, 1873 – October 4, 1944) was Governor of New York, and Democratic U.S. presidential candidate in 1928. ... Harold Ickes may refer to one of two American political figures, father and son: Harold L. Ickes: United States Secretary of the Interior in Franklin D. Roosevelts administration. ...

See also

• Works Progress Administration
• Civilian Conservation Corps

WPA Graphic The Works Progress Administration (later Work Projects Administration, abbreviated WPA), was created on May 6, 1935 by Presidential order (Congress funded it annually but did not set it up). ... CCC workers on road construction, Camp Euclid, Ohio 1936 The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was a work relief program for young men from unemployed families, established on March 19, 1933 by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt. ...

References

• Kennedy, David M., Cohen, Lizabeth, Bailey, Thomas A. The American Pageant. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2002.
• Lawson, Don. FDR's New Deal. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1974.
• Nardo, Don. The Great Depression. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, Inc., 2000.

Houghton Mifflin Company is a leading educational publisher in the United States. ...

External links

• University of Washington Libraries Digital Collections – Civil Works Administration Photographs 119 images showing work projects in King County, Washington established under the auspices of the Civil Works Administration in 1933-34.