Civil authority is that apparatus of the State other than its military units that enforces law and order. Less often it is used (as "Civil authority") to distinguish between religious authority (for example Canon law) and secular authority. Thus three forms of authority may bee seen in states: Law & Order is the longest-running primetime drama currently on American television (2004). ... In Western culture, canon law is the law of the Roman Catholic and Anglican churches. ...
Civil authority
Military authority
Religious authority (certain constitutions exclude the state having any religious authority)
In modern states enforcement of law and order is typically a role of the police although the line between military and civil units may be hard to distinguish; especially when militias and volunteers, such as yeomanry, act in pursuance of non-military, domestic objectives. A militia is a group of citizens organized to provide paramilitary service. ... In the 1790s, the threat of invasion of England was high, with the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. ...
Civilauthority is that apparatus of the State other than its military units that enforces law and order.
Less often it is used (as "Civilauthority") to distinguish between religious authority (for example Canon law) and secular authority.
It is natural to man to live in society, to submit to authority, and to be governed by that custom of society which crystallizes into law, and the obedience that is required is paid to the powers that be, to the authority actually in possession.
Civilauthority is of God, not by any revelation or positive institution, but by the mere fact that God is the Author of Nature, and Nature imperatively requires civilauthority to be set up and obeyed.
As it is, civilauthority is a natural means to a natural end and is checked by that end, in accordance with the Aristotelean principle that "the end in view sets limits to the means" (Aristotle, Politics, I, 9).
But while civilauthority, or government, is natural and universal, the distribution of authority, otherwise called the form of government, or the constitution of the State, is a human convention, varying in various countries, and in the same country at different periods of its history.
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